mentions among Anstis's books a quarto published in 1724, 'Brook's Errors of Camden, with Camden's Answer and Brook's Reply. In 1702 a few sheets were published of a work entitled 'Curia Militaris, or a Treatise of the Court of Chivalry, in three books.' Noble states that the whole work was printed privately in 1702, but no copy is known to exist. In Gutch's 'Collectanea Curiosa,' ii. 186, is a history of visitation books, under the title, 'Nomenclator Fecialium qui Angliæ et Walliæ comitatus visitarunt, quo anno et ubi autographa seu apographa reperiuntur, per Johannem Anstis, Garter. Principal. Regem Armorum Anglicanorum,' from a manuscript in the library of All Souls College. Leland's 'Collectanea,' v. 325, 337, contains An Account of the Ceremonial of the Marriage between Frederick, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and the Princess Elizabeth, eldest daughter of King James I, in the year 1613,' and 'Ceremonial of the Marriage between William, only son of Frederick-Henry, Prince of Orange, and Mary, eldest daughter of King Charles I, the 2nd of May 1641,' drawn up by Anstis in 1733 from original manuscripts in the possession of Joseph Edmondson, Mowbray Herald. In the Gentleman's Magazine,' lxix. 194, there appeared some extracts from a letter of Anstis, dated 13 Nov. 1731, in which he answers queries that had been proposed to him as to the pretensions a dean of Westminster might have to bear the insignia of the Bath; and, supposing them to be well founded, in what manner the shield was to be exhibited upon a sepulchral monument.' Anstis left in manuscript the following works: 1.Aspilogia, a Discourse upon Seals in England,' of which an abstract was read before the Society of Antiquaries in 1735-6. 2. Two folio volumes of drawings of sepulchral monuments, stone circles, crosses, and castles in the three kingdoms, extracts from which are printed in the Archæologia,' xiii. 208. 3. A collection of epitaphs and other inscriptions in England and Wales (facsimiles). 4. Collectanea, in sixteen folio volumes, respecting almost every subject of English History, Jurisprudence, Chronology, Ecclesiastical and Military Affairs.' 5. Sigilla in officio Ducatus Lancastriæ,' a catalogue of ancient seals, deeds, and charters. 6. Pedigree of the Anstis Family.' 7. A treatise on the name, origin, and duties of the Earl Marshall. 8. An article on the estate and degree of a serjeant-at-law. 9. A petition relative to the visitatorial power of All Souls College. These manuscripts came into the possession of Thomas Astle at the sale of Anstis's library in 1768, and are now in the Stowe collection (British Museum). Besides these were (10) five large folio volumes, on the Office, &c., of Garter Kingat-Arms, of Heralds and Pursuivants, in this and other Kingdoms, both Royal, Princely, and such as belonged to our Nobility,' that were acquired by George Nayler, York Herald, who allowed the use of them to Noble for his History of the College of Arms.' 11. Memoirs of the Families of Talbot, Carew, Granville, and Courtney.' 12. The Antiquities of Cornwall.' 13. Collections relating to the Parish of Colliton, in Devonshire,' dealing with the question of tithes, which had been the subject of a dispute between the parishioners and his son, the Rev. George Anstis, the vicar. 14. 'Collections relating to All Souls College,' purchased for the college. 15. Heraldic, Genealogical, and Historical Collections,' British Museum Add. MSS. 12227, 14291, 19818; collections for a treatise De Baroniis,' 24964. Some letters of Anstis's are printed in Nichols's 'Literary Anecdotes,' v. 271. Pope alludes to Anstis in the 'Imitations of Horace: A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth, Venus shall give him form, and Anstis birth; and Prior mentions him in an epigram : But coronets we owe to crowns, And favour to a court's affection. And sons of Anstis by election. There is a portrait of Anstis at Oxford and in the hall of the College of Arms. [Noble's History of the College of Arms, 37679; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, ii. 706-7, v. 269-72; O'Conor's Bibliotheca MS. Stowensis; Full and authentic Narrative of the intended horrid Conspiracy, 1715; Archæologia, i. xxviii; Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica; Burrows's Worthies of All Souls, 406-8]. A. H. B. ANSTIS, JOHN, the younger (17081754), son of John Anstis the elder, was born about 1708, became a gentleman-commoner of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and in 1725, at the revival of the order of the Bath, was made genealogist and registrar. By virtue of the grant passed in 1727 he was joined with his father in the office of Garter. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries on 21 July 1736, and was presented with the degree of LL.D. on 22 April 1749, on the occasion of the opening of the Radcliffe library. When invested with the order of the Garter, the Margrave of Anspach presented Anstis with three hundred ducats, a gold-hilted sword, and one hundred ducats, in lieu of his upper robe, which Garter claimed as belonging to him by virtue of his office.' He resided for the most part at Mortlake, where he died on 5 Dec. 1754, having shortened his days by excessive indulgence in wine. Anstis's abilities commanded respect, but his violent vindictiveness' made him many enemies, especially among his colleagues at the Heralds' College. He died a bachelor, and his brother George, vicar of Coliton, Devonshire, became of burghs. In 1808 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy: and died in London 26 Jan. 1811. [Gent. Mag. Ixxxi. 683, lxxxii. 494.] J. S. C. ANSTRUTHER, ROBERT (1768-1809). general, was the eldest son of Sir Robert Anstruther, Bart., M.P., and Lady Janet Erskine, daughter of the Earl of Kellie, and was born in 1768. He was educated at Westminster, but early showed a taste for a [Noble's History of the College of Arms, pp. military life, and in 1788 his father purchased 379-80; Nichols's Anecdotes, v. 272, &c.] his heir. A. H. B. ANSTRUTHER, SIR ALEXANDER (1769-1819), Anglo-Indian judge, was the second son of Sir Robert Anstruther, bart.. of Balcaskie, Fifeshire. He was born 10 Sept. 1769; called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and published Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Court of Exchequer, from Easter Term 32 George III to Trinity Term 37 George III, both inclusive,' which were published in three volumes in 1796 and 1797, and were reprinted for a second edition in 1817. The work is a careful and accurate compilation, and was for many years a useful legal authority. Anstruther went out to India in 1798, and was appointed advocategeneral at Madras in 1803; in March 1812 he succeeded Sir James Mackintosh as recorder of Bombay, and was knighted: he died at Mauritius on 16 July 1819. While on his voyage out to India he wrote a small work on Light, Heat, and Electricity.' [Calcutta Monthly Journal, August 1819; Asiatic Journal. May 1820; David Jardine in Soc. D. U. K. Diet.] J. S. C. ANSTRUTHER, SIR JOHN (17531811), politician and Anglo-Indian judge, was the second son of Sir John Anstruther, bart., of Elie House, Fifeshire. He was born 27 March 1753; educated at Glasgow University under Professor Millar; called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1779; practised chiefly before the House of Lords in Scotch appeals: and was M.P. for Cockermouth, 1790-96. He was an active supporter of Fox, and one of the managers appointed to conduct the impeachment of Warren Hastings, his duty being to sum up the evidence on the charge relating to Benares, and to open the charge relating to presents. In 1797 he was appointed chief justice of Bengal, and created a baronet: in 1806 he returned to England: was immediately sworn on the privy council, and re-entered parliament as member for the Kilrenny district for him an ensigney, and in 1792 the rank of lieutenant and captain in the 3rd or Scots guards. He led the usual life of a young officer in the guards, but at the same time paid great attention to his military duties. He served with his regiment in the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 in Flanders, and in 1796 was for a short time attached to the Austrian head-quarters, but, seeing no further chance of active service in the guards, he purchased, in March 1797, a majority, and in August of the same year a lieutenantcoloneley in the 68th regiment, with which he served in the West Indies, where he attracted the attention of Sir Ralph Abercromby. In August 1799, hearing that the guards were going on active service, he exchanged into his old regiment as captain and lieutenant-colonel, and served with it in the expedition to the Helder. In the same year he married Miss Hamilton, the daughter of Colonel Hamilton, of the guards, a nephew of the Duke of Hamilton. The next year, though only a lieutenant-colonel, he was selected by Sir Ralph Abercromby to be quartermaster-general of his army in the Mediterranean, at the same time that another young Scotchman, John Hope, who was also to gain fame in Moore's retreat, was nominated adjutant-general. Sir Ralph placed the greatest confidence in Anstruther, and it was mainly on his report, after a visit to the Turkish headquarters, that the Turks would not be ready for a long time, if they could be of any use at all, that Sir Ralph left Marmorice Bay and determined to act alone. Through the whole Egyptian campaign he served with the greatest credit, and was made one of the first knights of the Crescent when the sultan established that order. On his return he was promoted colonel, was made first deputy quartermaster-general in England, and then adjutant-general in Ireland, and spent some years of domestic happiness at home. But he failed in his attempt to obtain active employment, until, on the return of the tories to power in 1807, he was appointed brigadier-general, and ordered to take command of a brigade consisting of the 20th and 52nd regiments, and four companies of the 95th or rifle regiment, which was about to sail to the assistance of Sir Arthur Wellesley in Portugal. He embarked at Ramsgate in August 1808, and, on reaching the mouth of the Douro in company with Brigadier-general Acland, found orders from General Wellesley to proceed at once down the coast to Maceira Bay. Wellesley himself had, after his success at Roriça, marched along the coast, for he wished to receive reinforcements before he either attacked Lisbon or engaged Junot's whole army. At Paymayo and Maceira accordingly Anstruther and Acland met Wellesley and disembarked their brigades, though with much difficulty and loss from the heavy surf. When disembarked, Wellesley formed his whole army in a strong position at Vimeiro, and awaited the attack which Junot was meditating. At the battle of Vimeiro, the churchyard which formed the key of the English situation was occuped by the brigades of Fane and Anstruther, and on them fell the brunt of Junot's attack. The French were, however, repulsed with heavy loss, and Anstruther proved his ability as a brigadier. On the arrival of Moore, Burrard, and Dalrymple, the army was re-divided, and Anstruther had the other companies of the 95th given to him, and was put under the orders of Edward Paget, who was to command the reserve. On the advance into Spain, Paget led his brigades by way of Elvas and Alcantara, to join Moore at Salamanca. It was in the retreat from Salamanca, or rather from Toro, that Anstruther's most important military duties were performed. The reserve was ordered to form the rear division, and Anstruther's brigade actually closed the retreat. The conduct of the troops was now severely tried, but the reserve stood the test well. While the leading divisions were perpetually in disorder, the reserve, of which both officers and men had been trained by Sir John Moore himself at Shorncliffe, maintained perfect discipline, and in Anstruther's brigade served two of the regiments, the 52nd and 95th, which were to form the nucleus of the famous light division under Wellington. As far as Lugo, the French were never a day's march behind, every day saw sharp skirmishes, and there were at least two smart engagements at Cacabelos on 3 June and Constantino on 5 June, in which the reserve and cavalry were alone concerned. General Anstruther proved himself a model officer, and Moore declared that to the conduct of the reserve, and of Paget and Anstruther in particular, the safe arrival of the army at Corunna was due. But the ex- in the Royal Military Panorama, vol. iv. For H. M. S. ANSTRUTHER, SIR WILLIAM (7. poorly that in his own interest they begged him not to publish it; and it is said that after the death of the judge, which happened in 1711, his son bought up all purchasable copies and suppressed the work. The contents of the volume were volume were as follows: (1) Against Atheism (2) Of Providence: (3) Of Learning and Religion; (4) Of Trifling Studies, Stage Plays, and Romances: (5) Of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ and the Redemption of Mankind. Sir William was married to Helen Hamilton, daughter of John, fourth Earl of Haddington. [Douglas's Baronage of Scotland, 316; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice; Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, VIII, IX. X, XI. 232. 255–6, 321-422; Melville Papers (1689-91). 307; Hume of Crossrigg's Diary (1700-1707), 33, 40; Beatson's Political Index, iii. 76, 112; Haydn's Book of Dignities, 413; Anderson's Scottish Nation.] J. M. R. ANTHONY, FRANCIS (1550-1623), a noted empiric and chemical physician, was born in London 16 April 1550, the son of a goldsmith, who had a place in the jewel office under Queen Elizabeth. He studied at Cambridge and became M.A. 1574. He is said to have been afterwards M.D. in one of our universities, but in which does not appear. His knowledge of chemistry was presumably derived from his father. He commenced medical practice in London without a license from the College of Physicians; and after six months was called before the president and censors of the college (A.D. Î600), when, being examined in medicine and found ignorant, he was interdicted practice. For disregarding this injunction, he was fined five pounds and committed to prison, whence he was released by a warrant of the lord chief justice. The college, however, got him recommitted, and Anthony submitted. Being again prosecuted for the same offence and refusing to pay a heavy fine, he was kept in prison for eight months, till released at the petition of his wife, and on the ground of poverty, in 1602. He continued to practise in defiance of the college, and further proceedings were threatened, but not carried out, probably because Anthony had powerful friends at court. His practice consisted chiefly, if not entirely, in the prescription and sale of a secret remedy called aurum potabile, from which he derived a considerable fortune. He died 26 May 1623, leaving two sons: John, who became a physician in London [see ANTHONY, JOHN; and Charles, who practised at Bedford. According to the writer in the Biographia Britannica' (1747, i. 169), who professes to have derived his information from family manuscripts, Anthony was a man of high character and very liberal to the poor. The career of Anthony and his conflict with the College of Physicians illustrate the conditions of the medical profession in the seventeenth century. He was obnoxious to the college, not only because he practised without a license, or because he lauded chemical remedies and despised the traditional 'Galenical'-i.e. animal and vegetable drugs— but because he kept the composition of his remedy a secret, and put it forward as a panacea for all diseases. Anthony was a man of some learning, and defended his panacea in several pamphlets, in which he quotes many authors, chiefly chemists, as Raymond Lully and Arnold de Villa Nova, in support of his contention. He refers to Paracelsus with an apology, but disclaims any special debt to him; and among other authorities to Conrad Gesner, who had written of aurum potabile (The Treasure of Euonymus, London, 1565, p. 177). Of these tracts, the two earlier (Fr. Antonii Londinensis Panacea Aurea, Hamburg, 1598; and Medicine Chymicæ et veri potabilis Auri assertio, Cambridge, 1610) are probably very rare, and the present writer has not been able to find them; but the latter is known from the answer to it published by Matthew Gwinne (Aurum non Aurum: In Assertorem Chymica, sed veræ Medicinæ desertorem, Fr. Anthonium, Londini, 1611). His later book (Apologia Veritatis illucescentis pro Auro Potabili, London, 1616; also in English the Apologie or Defence, &c. of Aurum Potabile, same date) is well known. In these Anthony labours to show that metals are excellent medicines, gold most of all; that by his method it was dissolved in a potable form and furnished a universal medicine. His adversaries denied the superiority of metallic to other medicines and the special efficacy of gold, declared that Anthony's method did not dissolve gold, and there was no such thing as a universal medicine. Anthony offered to demonstrate his process to certain select witnesses; and it appears that a trial actually took place at the College of Physicians in 1609, in the presence of Baron 'Thomas Knivet, the master of the mint, and other skilled persons, when an ounce of gold was given to Anthony, which, by his method, he failed to dissolve (GWINNE, Aurum non Aurum, p. 169). The process is indeed given in the 'Biographia Britannica,' ostensibly on the authority of a manuscript of Anthony's own and it is evident that as there described the ultimate product could not contain any gold. The efficacy of the remedy, if any, as a cordial, was possibly due to certain ethers which would be formed in the process of distillation, and also to the good canary wine in which it was ultimately dissolved. In Anthony's last work he relates the history of numerous cures which he says he performed on various distinguished persons. This brought upon him a violent attack from a Dr. Cotta, one of whose patients was spoken of. In spite of these attacks the potable gold became a very popular remedy. The popular belief in the virtues of gold, though based on fanciful grounds, was too deeply rooted to be shaken, and even Robert Boyle, in 1685, says that, though prejudiced against aurum potabiles and the like' (sic), he found a certain tincture of gold which had marvellous effects (BOYLE on Specifick Medicines, London, 1685). It is now known that preparations of gold have some, though not very potent, medicinal properties; but certainly not the marvellous powers attributed to preparations which, after all, did not contain it. [Goodall's Royal College of Physicians. London, and an Historical Account of the College's Proceedings against Empiricks, &c., London, 1684; Biogr. Britannica, 1747; Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses, s. r. Gwinne,' i. 513, ed. 1721; Cotta's Antiapology, showing the Counterfeit ness of Dr. Anthony's Aurum Potabile, Oxford, 1623:] J. F. P. ANTHONY, JOHN (1585-1655), physician, was the son of Francis Anthony. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge; graduated M.B. 1613, M.D. 1619; was admitted licentiate of College of Physicians, London, 1625. According to the "Biographia Britannica' he gained a handsome income from the sale of his father's 'Aurum Potabile;' according to Dr. Munk, he succeeded to the more reputable part of his father's practice. A John Anthony served in the civil war, on the parliamentary side, as surgeon to Colonel Sandys (Mercurius Rusticus, ed. 1685, p. 125). He was the author of a devotional work, 'The Comfort of the Soul, laid down by way of Meditation... by John Anthony, Dr. of Physick, London, 1654, 4to.' The same work in the same impression was afterwards issued with a new title-page as Lucas Redivivus, or the Gospell Physitian, by J. A., Dr. of Physick, London, 1656, 4to.' In the British Museum (Sloane MS. 489) is a small note-book, bound with the arms of Charles I, entitled Joannis Antonii Praxis Medica,' containing notes in Latin on various diseases and their treatment. it Paracelsus is quoted as the authority for a certain prescription. The notes are evidently In for private use, not intended for publication, but clearly belong to this John Anthony. [Biog. Britannica; Munk's Roll of College of Physicians, 2nd ed. i. 185.] J. F. P. ANTON, ROBERT (A. 1616), poetical writer, supposed to have been a son of George Anton, recorder of Lincoln, graduated B.Ä. of Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1609-10. He is the author of a quarto volume of satires, published in 1616, under the title of the Philosophers Satyrs.' A second edition appeared in the following year, bearing the title Vices Anatomie Scourged and Corrected in New Satires.' There are seven pieces, each being named after one of the seven planets (an idea borrowed from Ariosto). The chief interest of the book, which is written in curiously strained language, lies in the references to Beaumont, Spenser, Jonson, Chapman, and Daniel. One Shakespearian allusion occurs-What Comedies of errors swell the stage,' &c. There is preserved in Sir Charles Isham's library at Lamport Hall a unique prose tract of Anton's, in black letter, entitled 'Moriomachia, imprinted at London by Simon Stafford, 1613,' 4to. [Corser's Collectanea; Hazlitt's Second Series of Bibliographical Collections; Cooper's New Biographical Dictionary.] A. H. B. ANTRIM, EARL OF. [See MACDONNELL.] APLIN, PETER (1753-1817), admiral, was midshipman of the Roebuck on 9 Oct. 1776, when her first lieutenant was killed in action with the batteries at the mouth of North River [see PARKER, HYDE (2)], and was promoted to the vacancy caused by his death. Aplin's further promotion was rapid, and on 23 Nov. 1780 he was appointed captain of the Fowey frigate of 24 guns. He was still in her at Yorktown in the following October, when she was destroyed by the enemy's red-hot shot; after which he served, with his crew, on shore under the orders of Lord Cornwallis. He had no further service at sea until, in 1797, he was appointed to the Hector of 74 guns, which, after the battle off Cape St. Vincent, reinforced the fleet off Cadiz. He continued in this command for nearly two years, when he was promoted to flag rank. As an admiral, however, he never served, although, he passed through the several gradations by seniority, and attained the high rank of admiral of the white before his death, which occurred on 17 April 1817. [Gent. Mag. lxxxvii. 89.] J. K. L. APPLETON, CHARLES EDWARD CUTTS BIRCH (1841-1879), man of letters, was the second son of the Rev. Robert Apple |