Medici, Lorenzo de', excommunicated by
Sixtus IV., 647

Giovanni, son of the preceding, made
cardinal by Innocent VIII., at the age of
thirteen, 650, note; succeeds Julius II.,
by the title of Leo X., 661

Melito, bishop of Sardis, his works, 9
Mendicants, order of, 388; their early merits,
and subsequent degeneracy, 394; dispute
in England between them and the clergy,
ib., note; their contest with the curés about
confession, 508

Metropolitans, decline of their power, 160
Millennium, opinions regarding, 40; general
expectation of, in the tenth century,
260

Minimes, order of, founded by Francisco of
Paula, and confirmed by Sixtus IV., 648
Minorites, or Fratricelli, the, condemned by
John XXII. as heretics, 498; persecuted
by the Inquisition, 499

Miracles, pretended, 19, note; remarks on
the cessation of miracles, ib.; ditto false
miracles, 692

Miraculous claims of the early church, 19
Missionaries, the mendicants distinguished
as, 699

Monachism, its origin, and progress in the
East, 363; monks of Egypt, 365; of
Syria, 368; early forms of monachism,
370; character of it in the East, 371; in-
troduced in the West, 372; its prevalence
and character there, 374; account of the
Rule of St. Benedict, 375; progress of mo-
nachism in the West, 377; order of Cluni,
380; general remarks on monachism, 402;
successive reformations in the system, 404;
advantages produced by it, 406; supersti-
tion encouraged by it, 411; the monastic
orders gradually become dependent on the
pope, 412; their wealth, 413; principles
of monachism, 698
Monothelites, 185

Montanists, their doctrines, 69

Monte Cassino, celebrated monastery of, 377
Montfort, Simon de, commissioned to extir-
pate the heretics, 358

Morality of the primitive church, 28; begins
to decline, 36

Morals, state of, during the fourth and fifth
centuries, 133

Mosheim, his garbled extracts from St.
Eligius, 298

Mysticism, prevalence of in the East, 607;

remarks on, 700; the mystics oppose the
scholastics, ib.; mysticism prevails in the
Catholic church, 708

Nepotism, system of, 638

Nero, his persecution against the Chris-
tians, 42

Nestorianism, spread of, 183

Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, 181;
excommunicated by Cyril and the council
of Ephesus, 182

Nice, council of, 91

Nicholas II., elected in opposition to the
Roman nobility, &c., 273; his edict in re-
gard to future elections, ib.
III., 427

V., (Thomas of Sarzana) elected
on the death of Eugenius IV., the deposed
pope, and Felix V. resigns, 575; his pa-
tronage of literature and the arts, 634;
founds the Vatican library, ib.; makes a
concordat with the German church, 635;
his efforts to recover Constantinople from
the Turks, 636; his death, 637
Nogaret, William of, seizes Boniface VIII.,

438

Normans, converted to Christianity, 271
Novatians, sect of, 70
Nunneries, institution of, attributed to St.
Anthony, 372

Nuns, establishment of, 397; origin of the
name, 398, note; their vow of chastity,
ib.; Benedictine nuns, 399; canonesses,
400; nuns of the hospital, ib. of the
Holy Trinity, ib.; of St. Dominic, ib.; of
St. Brigida, 401; Ursulines, ib.

Olive, Pierre d', his work against the Romish
Church, 508

Orders, monastic, St. Benedict, 375; Cluni,
380; Cistercian, ib. ; La Chartreuse, 381;
St. Dominic, 388; St. Francis, 389

military, 385; knights of the hospital,
386; Templars, 387; Teutonic order, ib.
Ordination, rite of, in the early church, 23,

note

Origen, account of, 33; his theological sys-
tem, 34

Osma, Peter of, a Spanish reformer, 714, note
Otho the Great, reassumes the imperial au-
thority in regard to papal elections, 238;
bestows ecclesiastical investiture, 279

Paganism, its decline and fall, 105; Julian's

attempt to revive it, 109; a decisive blow
given to it by Theodosius's edict, 113; its
extinction, 116; its influence on Chris-
tianity, 212

Papacy, elements of, 154; the papal prin-
ciple, 162

Papal power, increase of, 223; pretensions
of the popes for interfering with the suc-
cession to the imperial throne, 248; inter-
nal usurpation of the Roman see, 249

3 B 2

Papias, the father of traditions, and the origi-
nator of the doctrine of the millennium, 40
Paris, University of, 469

Paschal II., 305; his dispute with the em-
peror Henry V., 306; made prisoner by
him, 307

Paul II. succeeds Pius II., 645; diverts the
war against the Turks to persecution of
the Hussites, ib.; discourages literature as
dangerous to the church, 646; his death,
ib.

Paulicians, sect of heretics in the Greek
church, 352, 604; numbers of them de-
stroyed in the reign of Theodora, 605;
their opinions, ib.
Pelagian controversy, the, 176
Pelagianism, 179

Pelagius, account of, 177

Pepin, his donation to the church, 163
Persecutions against the Christians: Nero's,
42; Domitian's, 45; Trajan's rescript fa-
vourable to them, 46; Marcus Antoninus's,
47; Severus', 49; Decius', ib.; Valerian's,
50; Diocletian's, 51; indirect advantages
of these persecutions, 57

Peter, the Lombard theological writer, 471;
his book of the sentences, 472
Petrobrussians, followers of Pierre de Bruys,
350.

Philip the Fair of France, his disputes with
Boniface VIII., 435; he burns the Pope's
bull, 436 conditions imposed by him on
Clement V. whose election he favours,
477; causes all the Templars in his domi-
nions to be seized, 478; and several to be
burnt alive, 479

Photius succeeds Ignatius as patriarch of
Constantinople, 197; charges the Romish
church with heresy, ib.; deposed and re-
called, 198

Piccolomini, Æneas Sylvius, (Pius II.) see
Eneas

Pilgrimages, 228, note, 457.

Pisa, council of, convened by the Cardinals,
to settle the schism in the church, 528; it
elects Alexander V., in opposition to Bene-
dict XIII, and Gregory XII. 529; cha-
racter and results of this assembly, 552
Pius II., see Eneas Sylvius

Pius III., elected as successor to Alexander
VI., but dies almost immediately after-
wards, 657

Platonics, new, sect of, 39

Plenary Indulgence, 466

Pliny the younger, his account of the early
Christians, 10

Poland, Christianity first introduced into, 270
Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, 8

Polytheism, character of, 41; its intolerance
among the Romans, 43

Popes, when they first assumed new names
on their election, 267; regulations as to
their election, 273; which becomes inde-
pendent of the imperial sanction, 274
Pragmatic Sanction, the, passed by the Coun-

cil of Bourges,577; annulled and afterwards
restored by Louis XI., 647; abolished by
Leo X., 662

Praxeas, his heresy, 67

Priscillian, Spanish bishop, put to death, 174
Priscillianists, the, 173

Prophets, class of ministers so called, 21
Protestantism, attempts to trace its opinions
back to the apostolical times, 705; no his-
torical proofs in their favour, 708
Provincial Synods, 35

Prussia, Christianity introduced into, by the
Teutonic order, 387

Purgatory, belief in, inculcated by Gregory
the Great, 151, 212; disputation on at the
Council of Ferrara, 621; doctrine of, 674,
689

Radbert, Paschasius, his doctrine of the real
presence, 257

Ratramn, appointed to examine the opinions
of Radbert, 257

Reform, college of, appointed by the coun-
cil of Constance, 554

Reformation: attempts at self-reformation in
the Romish church, 548; general com-
plaints against abuses, 549; council of
Pisa appointed for measures of reform,
552; of Constance, ditto, 553; college of
reform appointed by it, 554; futility of
the plan of reform, 557; articles of refor
mation, 559, 571; restrictions upon the
pope, ib.; this scheme of reformation
eluded by Martin V., 562; council of
Basle, 565; its contest with Eugenius IV.,
567; its articles of reformation, 570; final
breach with the pope, 572; nature of the
reform attempted by the church itself, 702
Reformers, early papal, Claudius of Turin,
268; Berenger, 295; Arnold of Brescia,
311; John of Wesalia, 712; Wesselus,
ib.; Laillier, 713; Savonarola, 714;
Reuchlin, 717; Erasmus, ib.
Relics, superstitious reverence for, 152
Reuchlin a reformer, 717
Revenues of the church, 224
Riario, Pietro, favourite nephew of Sixtus
IV., his prodigality, 648

Roman people, their character in the middle
ages, 338

Roman Catholic church, its power and con-
stitution, 668; secular authority of the
popes, 670; spiritual supremacy of Rome,
670; infallibility of the pope, 673; his
dispensing power, 674; penance and pur-
gatory, ib.; claims of the popes to univer
sal temporal supremacy, 675; the cardinals
and conclave, 677; relative power of the
cardinals and the pope, 679; general
councils, ib.; various causes of the influ
ence of Romanism, 680; policy of the Va
tican, 682; mediatorial character of the
Romish priesthood, 684; power arising to
the church from a plebeian order of clergy,
685; doctrines of the Romish church,

668; penance, 687; indulgences, ib.; pur.
gatory, 688; discipline and morals, 696;
benefits conferred by the Roman Catholic
church, 697

Rome, persecutions at, under Nero, 12; em-
perors favourable to Christianity, 33, note
Rome, church of, authority early claimed by,
33; causes of the increase of the authority
of the Roman see, 217

Russia, Christianity first introduced into, 270

Sabellius, his heresy, 68

Saccas, Ammonius, founder of the Eclectics
or new Platonics, 39

Sacraments of the primitive church, 27
Saladin tax, the, imposed by Innocent III.
on church property, 346

Sarabaites, a kind of oriental monks, 368
Saracens, their conquests, 146

Savonarola, Jerome, Italian reformer, 714;
his interview with Charles VIII. 715; and
execution, 717

Tertullian, account of, 34
Teutonic order, the, 387
Theodoret, ecclesiastical historian, 104
Theodosius the Great, his edict against pa
ganism, 113; compelled by St. Ambrose
to perform penance, 138
Theological writers, 470
Therapeutæ or Essenes, 463
Thomists and Scotists, 474

Tithes, 239; the first legally established by
Charlemagne, 231; their payment not uni-
versally enforced till the end of the twelfth
century, 332

Toledo, councils of, 159
Toulouse, councils of, 358

Transubstantiation, Radbert's doctrine of,
257; opposed by Berenger, 295; the doc-
trine of, confirmed by Innocent III., 348
Truce of God, 697

Turks, exertions of Pius II.against, 643; and
of other popes, 666

Schools, Christian, 26

nions of Radbert, 257

Scotus. John Duns, 474

Scriptures, the reading them prohibited,
692

Semi-Arians, 97
Semi-Pelagians, 180

Sigismond, recommended as emperor by
John XXIII.,531; he appoints Constance
as the place for a council to decide the
schism in the papal see, and on the two
antipopes, ib.; his character, 534; opposes
John's interest, 535

Simon Magus, the heresiarch, 63
Simony, edict against, 278
Sixtus IV. succeeds Paul II., 646; lays
Florence under interdict, and excommuni-
cates Lorenzo de' Medici, 647; his nepo-
tism, ib.; confirms the order of Minimes,
648; his character, ib.; and death, 649
Socrates, the historian, 104
Sorbonne, Robert de, 470
Sozomen, Hermias, 104
Spiritual courts, their jurisdiction, 337, note
in England, 682, note
Sylvester II., his encouragement of learning,
263; originates the scheme of the cru-
sades, 304.

Symeon the Stylite, 123

totle's metaphysical works, 472; its pro-
jects for healing the schism in the church,

519

Venturius of Bergamo, founder of a sect of
fanatics, 541

Vienne, council of, to inquire into the con-
duct of the Templars, &c., 479
Vigilantius, boldly inveighs against the super-
stitious practices of the church, 176
Virgin, office instituted to the, 694

Waldenses, the, account of that sect, 353

bishop, 115, note

Sylvius, Æneas. See Eneas

Tartary, Christianity introduced into, 145
Tatian founds the sect of the Encratites, 64
Templars, knights, 387; council appointed
by Clement V., to inquire into their con-
duct, 478; Philip the Fair causes all in his
dominions to be seized, ib.; their probable
innocence, 479

356
Wesalia, John of, a reformer, account of, 712
Wesselus, John, a reformer, 712; designated
the forerunner of Luther, ib.

White Penitents, a sect of religious enthusi-
asts, 547

Wicliff, John, account of, 582; his bones
dug up by order of the council of Con-
stance, 584; his opinions, ib.; his doc-
trines carried into Bohemia, 585