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equivalent to the simple fraction. But fractions may be still more compounded; for we may divide each of the preceding compound fractions into smaller parts, sy each half of the former; and then the expressions will be of of, or of of; which are respectively equivalent to 3 and 5, as may be found on the same principles as those above developed.

mains the same, to multiply the dividend by any number is in effect multiplying the quotient by that number; and, if the dividend remains the same, dividing the divisor by any number, is in effect multiplying the quotient by that number. Here we have only, as before, to substitute the words denominator, numerator, and value, for the words divisor, dividend, and quotient respectively, and the 9. DEFINITION 4.-The value of a fraction, or a fractional principles are one and the same, as before. To exemplify the expression of any kind, is the simplest form in which it can be former, let us take the fraction, and let its numerator be multiexpressed. Thus, the value of the fraction is, because if a plied by the number 4, its denominator remaining the same; the unit be divided into 10 equal parts, and 5 of these parts be taken result is 1. Now, taking any unit of which the value of the fracin order to constitute a fraction, it is plain that its value must be tion can be easily found, say a pound Avoirdupois; it is plain of the unit, seeing that the number of parts taken is just one-that as of a pound is 1 ounce, so of a pound is 3 ounces, and half of the whole number of parts. Again, the value of the frac- of a pound is 12 ounces; but 12 ounces are 4 times 3 ounces; tion, being simply of a unit, it is already in the simplest form therefore, multiplying the numerator of the fraction by any num. which it will admit of; for to say that its value is of 4 units, is to ber, 4 increases its value, viz., 3 ounces, as many times as that number render the expression more complex than before. But if the nature denotes, viz., to 4 times 3 ounces or 12 ounces. Again, let the of the unit of which the fraction is a part be stated, it is then denominator of the fraction be divided by the number 4, its possible to arrive at a simpler expression for the value of the frac- numerator remaining the same; the result is . Now, taking the tion; thus, if the fraction be of a pound sterling, we can now, by same units as before, we find that of a pound is 3 ounces, and a few considerations, arrive at a simpler form of its value; for we of a pound is 12 ounces (of a pound being 4 ounces); but, as beknow that of a pound is 4 shillings, consequently of a pound is fore, 12 ounces are 4 times 3 ounces; therefore, dividing the 4 times 4 shillings, or 16 shillings, which is the value required; and denominator of the fraction by any number 4, increases its value every one will admit that 16 shillings is a simpler form of expres- 3 ounces, as many times as that number denotes, viz., to four times sion than of a pound. Next, as to fractional expressions: such 3 ounces, or 12 ounces. Besides, we know that 11; for if both as,,, &c. It is plain that the value of is the number the numerator and denominator of the fraction 1 be divided by 5, an expression much more simple than the fractional expression any number, say 4, its value will not be altered. Whence, multiitself; also the value of is 5, or 5; either of which expres-plying the numerator only of a fraction, or dividing its denominator sions is more simple and easy to be understood than the original only, by the same number, multiplies the fraction by that number. one; and in like manner, the value of 12 is 59; a value of 12. PRINCIPLE 3.-If the numerator only of a fraction be which every one understands the integral part 59, if they do not divided by any number, the denominator remaining the same, quite understand; but of the original fractional expression the value of the fraction is diminished as many times as that te, thousands would have no conception; yet with regard to number denotes; or, if the denominator only of a fraction be this very expression, there is no mystery in it at all, for it simply multiplied by any number, the numerator remaining the same, means the seventeenth part of 1010, or 17 of 1010; and its meaning the value of the fraction is diminished as many times as that is clearly understood, when we say that the seventeenth part of number denotes. This principle combines the two general 1010, is 59 and a fraction; or, 59 and 1; or, 59, and a seventeenth principles of Division laid down in Vol. I., p. 380, col. 1, Nos. part of 7. We come now to thrce important principles, which must II. and III., viz. If the divisor remains the same, dividing the be perpetually kept in mind in the whole of our operations relating dividend by any number, is in effect dividing the quotient by that to Vulgar Fractions. number, and if the dividend remains the same, multiplying the 10. PRINCIPLE 1.-If the numerator and denominator of a divisor by any number is in effect dividing the quotient by that fraction be both multiplied by the same number, the value of the number. Here, again, if we substitute the words denominator, fraction is not altered, that is, the value of the fraction remains the numerator, and value for the words divisor, dividend, and quotient same as before; and if the numerator and denominator be both respectively, the principles will be found to be identical. Το divided by the same number, the value is not altered, that is, the exemplify the former, let us take fraction, and let its numevalue remains the same as before. This principle is the same in rator be divided by the number 4, its denominator remaining the effect as that general principle in division laid down in vol, I., p. 380, same; the result is 1. Now, if we suppose the unit to be a pound col. 1, No. V., viz., that if the divisor and dividend are both mul- Avoirdupois as before, then it is evident that 1 of a pound is 12 tiplied or both divided by the same number, the quotient will not ounces, and of a pound is 3 ounces; but 12 ounces divided by be altered. Here we have only to substitute the words denominator, 4 gives 3 ounces; therefore, dividing the numerator of the fraction numerator, and value for the words divisor, dividend, and quotient by any number 4, diminishes its value, viz., 12 ounces, as many times respectively, and the principles are one and the same. But in order as that number denotes; for 12 ounces 4 3 ounces. Again, to illustrate the former, let us take the fraction; if we multiply let the denominator of the fraction be multiplied by the number both numerator and denominator of this fraction by 10 its value 4, its numerator remaining the same; the result is 3, which by will not be altered, for it then becomes. Now, whether a unit principle 1, Art. 10, is; for, by dividing both numerbe divided into 10 equal parts, and 5 of them be taken, or into ator and denominator by 4. Hence, multiplying the denominator 100 equal parts and 50 of them be taken, it is plain that half the only of the fraction by any number 4, diminishes its value as number of parts is taken in either case, and that the value of these many times as that number denotes, for, 1243, and = parts is of the whole in both fractions, so that the value of the as before. Whence, dividing the numerator only of a fraction, fraction remains unaltered; that is, 11 50 100. Again, let us take or multiplying its denominator only, by the same number, divides the fraction; if we divide both numerator and denominator of the fraction by that number. this fraction by 25, its value will not be altered, for it then becomes. Now whether a unit be divided into 100 equal parts and 75 of them be taken, or into 4 equal parts and 3 of them be taken, it is evident that three-fourths of the number of parts is taken in either case, and that the value of these parts is of the whole in both fractions; for 25 parts is of 100 parts, and as 75 is 3 times 25, therefore 75 parts is of 100 parts; also, 1 part is of 4 parts, and 3 parts is of 4 parts; so that the value of the fraction remains unaltered; that is.

16

LESSONS IN GERMAN.-No. XXIV.
SECTION XLIV.

I. Mern, gladly, freely, fain, &c., (comparative fieber, rather, See $ 106. 1.) with an appropriate verb, forms the equivalent of our phrase, "to be fond of, to like," &c. Ex.: Er mah gern Wein; he is fond of (drinking) wine. Er raucht gern; he is fond of smoking; or, he likes to smoke. Gr träge gern fone Kleiter; he likes (to wear) fine clothes. 3ch mete gern wissen, eb mein Freund noch lebt; I would fain know whether my friend is still living. Ich möchte lieber gehen, als bleiben, I

11. PRINCIPLE 2.-If the numerator only of a fraction be multiplied by any number, the denominator remaining the same, the value of the fraction is increased as many times as that number denotes; or, if the denominator only of a fraction be divided by any number, the numerator remaining the same, the value of the fraction is increased as many times as that number denotes. This principle For conjugation of dürfen, können, mögen, &c., in the subjunctive combines two of the general principles in Division, laid down in Sce § 83, 2, &c. See also remarks connected with these convol I. p. 380, col. 1, Nos. 1. and IV., viz. :-If the divisor re-jugations.

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would rather go than stay. With haben, it may often be rendered by "dear." Ex.: Ich habe meine Freunde gern; I hold (have) my friends "dear."

II. Nöthig haben, signifies, to need, to have need of. Ex.: Haben Sie dieses Buch nöthig; Do you need (have you need of) this book? Er hat Geld nöthig; he needs money; or, has need of money.

III. Im Stande sein, signifies, to be able; literally, to be in the position or situation. Ex.: Sind Sie im Stande zu schreiben? Are you able to write? In this construction the verb de

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IV. Several words, as tech, ja, schon, vielleicht, wohl and zwar &c. are often used with a signification different from their primary one, or where no corresponding one is employed in English. Ex.: Sind Sie vielleicht frant? Are you (perhaps) sick? Werden Sie wohl morgen abreisen? Shall you (probably) depart to morrow? Er wird uns schen finden; he will already (doubtless) find us. Wenn er krant ist, so kann er nicht kommen; if he is sick, (then) he cannot come. Er liest nicht und zwar, weil er kein Buch hat; he does not read, (and indeed) because he has no book. Gehen Sie ja nicht; do not go by any means. Es dürfte (See note) wohl so kommen; it might indeed so happen (come). Wollen Sie schon gehen? Are you going already? Ja wohl; yes, (certainly) or, yes, indeed. Ich glaubte, er könnte uns schen heute besuchen; I thought he could (already) visit us to-day. Er glaubte, er könne sich wohl jezt an ihm rächen; he thought he could now (indeed) avenge himself upon him.

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1. Sehen Sie meinen Schwager gern? 2. Ja, ich sehe ihn gern. pendent upon im Stande sein“ is often omitted and the pro- 3. Der Oheim möchte gern eure Zeichnungen sehen. 4. Ich habe gern noun es, is introduced. (Sect. 36. VI.) Ex.: Ich bin es nicht | Freunde in meiner Nähe. 5. In meiner Jugend stuvirte ich sehr gern, im Stante; I am not able. aber nun thue ich es ungern. 6. Er spricht gern von seinen Reisen und seinen Erfahrungen. 7. Wenn sie die Bücher nöthig haben, so leihe ich Ihnen dieselben von Herzen gern. 8. Er trennt sich ungern von seiner Familie. 9. Ich habe gern ein warmes Zimmer. 10. Könnt ihr uns ficher über diesen Strom fahren? 11. Nein, wir sind es nicht im Stande denn dieser Nachen ist zu klein. 12. Wenn Sie fähig sind, diese Zeitungen zu übersehen, so thun sie es. 13. Da ich die englische Sprache vollkommen versiche, so will ich gern Ihren Vorschlag annehmen. 14. Wenn er fähig ist, die Arbeit gut zu machen, so soll er zu mir kommen; ist er es aber nicht im Stande, so wäre es unnüß. 15. Er glaubte nicht, daß ich im Stande sein könnte, all seine Befehle auszuführen. 16. Wenn du deine Leitenschaften ganz zu beherrschen weißt, so bist du zu beneiden. 17. Mein Freund Eruard war so schwach, daß er nicht im Stande war, allein zu gehen, und er bat mich deßwegen, daß ich ihn führen möchte. 18. Fr glaubte, daß Niemand im Stande sein könne, auf dieses rauhe Papier zu schreiben. 19. Er hatte gestern Geld nöthig, deßhalb bat er mich, daß ich ihm einiges geben möchte. 20. Er ist mir zwar schon einige Thaler schultig, aber da er das Geld nöthig hatte, so gab ich ihm welches. 21. Es ist Niemand im Stante auszugehen, weil es zu stark regnet. 22. Er wird bald im Stande sein, sein Werk zu vollenten. 23. Er kann sein Wort nicht halten und zwar aus folgenden Gründen.

V. The causative adverbs, teshalb or teßwegen (therefore) ta turch, (thereby) &c., are frequently introduced into a leading sentence where the corresponding English word is omitted. Ex.: Er ist deßhalb unzufrieden, weil sein Freund nicht hier ist; he is (therefore) discontented because his friend is not here. VI. Schuldig with fein, signifies "to be indebted, to owe;" the word denoting the amount being put in the accusative. ($ 132. 3.) Ex.: Er ist mir nur einen Gülden schuldig; he owes me but one florin. Vertanken also signifies to owe, but only in the sense of "to be obliged for, to ascribe to." Ex.: Ich ver tanke meine Genesung ter reinen Luft der Schweiß; I owe my recovery to the pure air of Switzerland.

Abgeben, to deliver;
Aus'führen, to carry
out;
Befehl', m. com-
mand;
Beherrschen, to go-
vern, rule;
'tuart, m. Edward;
Erfahrung, f experi
ence, knowledge;
Grila'rung, f. expla-
nation;
Fähig, able;
Fami'lic, f. family;
Folgen, to follow;

EXERCISE 48.
Führen, to conduct,
guide;
Gegenstant, m. sub-
ject;
Gern, willingly, (I.);
Grund, m. ground;
Seilen, to heal;
Lei'tenschaft, f. pas-

boat,

sion;
Leihen, to lend ;
Nachen, m.
skiff;
Nöthig, necessary?
Nun, now;
Rauh, rough;

Ee femmt nicht, und zwar weil er
frank ist.

Mein Onkel fischt und meine Neffe jagt gern.

Ich möchte gern wissen, wie viel Uhr es ist.

Freiheit, Gerechtigkeit und Wahr

heit sollten alle Menschen gern
haben.

Wieviel' bin ich Ihnen schultig?
Er verdankt' sein Leben ter Schnel's
ligkeit seines Pferdes.
Es ist Niemand im Stante, tie
Dauer seines Lebens voraus zu
bestimmen.

Wohl läßt der Pfeil sich aus dem
Herzen ziehen, dech nie wirt ter
Verlet'te mehr gesun'den.

Sicher, safe, safely;
Stand, m. position,
(III.);

Stuti ren, to study;
Ueberse'ßen, to trans-
late;

Ungern, unwillingly;
lnnug, useless, fruit-
less;

Vollen'den, to finish,
complete;

Verschlag, m. proposal;
Warm, warm;
Wunde, f. wound;
Zeichnung, f. drawing.
He does not come, (and indeed)

because he is sick.

My uncle is fond of fishing, and
my nephew of hunting.

I would like to know what
o'clock it is.
Liberty, righteousness, and
truth, all men should love.

How much do I owe you?
He owes his life to the fleetness

of his horse.

There is no one able to prede-
termine the duration of his
life.

The arrow may indeed be drawn
out of the heart, yet the in-
jured (one) will never recover.

1. If he had not been able to perform the work, he would not 3. He has not been able. 4. We ought not to promise more have undertaken it. 2. Will he be able to fulfil his promise? than we are able to perform. 5. Are you able to deliver a better explanation upon this subject? 6. I am indeed able, but I have no time now. 7. Does the boy go for my stick freely? 8. When he docs, it is unwillingly; I would rather go myself. 9. Do you like to see your relations? 10. Yes, I do like to see them. 11. When you have need of those books, then I wil lend you them freely. 12. He needed money yesterday, therefore he desired me that I would give him some. 13. Therefore it is useless to ask for more, when you already owe so much. 14. Who would not freely heal the wounds of a wounded heart.

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Un'annehmlichkeit, f. dis-Verpflich'ten, to oblige; 3öllner,

agreeableness;

Bertruß, m. vexation;

Verschwin ́ten, to
vanish;

Verschönern, to em- Biterspre'chen, to con

bellish, improve; tradict;

Ich würte tas Buch noch haben
wenn ich es nicht verloren hätte.
Du würdest jest Freute haben, wenn
Du teine Schul'tigkeit gethan'
hättest.

Er würte bessere Freunte haben,
wenn er auf'richtiger wäre.
Wir würten Gelt haben, wenn wir
spar'samer wären.

Ihr würtet Trauer statt Freute
haben, wenn das Kind gestor'ben

wäre.

Sie würten mehr Klugheit haben, wenn sie mehr Verstand hätten. Er würte ein großes Glück gehabt haben, wenn er weniger träge gewesen wäre.

772.

toll

gatherer

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tator was an old "standard periodical work." Complete copies of it may now be had in any bookseller's shop, or at any book-stall.

THOMAS M'LAREN (Grandtully); We have already said Liddell and Scott's Lexicon.-L. W. F.: Correct.-E. P. (Wigan) should study Dr. Beard's Lessons in English first, and then the French. Exercises must of course be written out, and we would advise the rules also to be written out in a book; for by carefully writing out anything, eren once, you thereby fix it in I should still have the book, if the memory.-SINE PRECEPTORE (Fife) is right; there are some misprints

I had not lost it.
Thou wouldst now have
fort, if thou hadst done thy
duty.
He would have better friends,
if he were more upright.
We should have money, if we
were more economical.
You would have sorrow, in-
stead of joy, if the child had

died.

They would have more pru-
dence, if they had more un-
derstanding.

and inaccuracies in the places to which he refers. We shall take an opportunity of rectifying them.-FENELON (Stockwell): Thanks for the followcom-ing corrections: in vol. 1., p. 76, col. 2, line 20 from bottom, for mauvais read mauvaise; p. 78, col. 1, line 32 from top, for boiteaux read boiteux; col. 2. line 2, for amusunt read amusant; p. 171, col. I, line 25 from bottom, fur the first chantons read chansons; p. 261, col. 2, line 1, for barber read barbar, in the German.-SIGMA (Dollar): Thanks for his observations and suggestions; they will be attended to.-CASAR (Walworth): Thanks.-C. W. STYRING (Doncaster): Soon.-APPRENTICE (Edinburgh): Only two errors in 1 and 5.-R. H. HAMMOND: We can't exactly say.-P. (Milford Haven): Her verses are very creditable indeed.-J. J. NEWTON (Bridge water): Right.-D. D. (Kincardinshire): Rue St. Honore.-J. W. (Wacer): Thanks for his suggestions.-II. WILSON: On the different kinds of galvanie or hydro-electric batteries, see Peschell's Physics, vol. III., p. 75-91. manner of statement, are literal absurdities, thus: 1. To find the side of a square whose area is equal to twice the sum of the sides; and 2. To find the side of a cube whose solid content is twice its surface." An area or a number of square inches can never be equal to a length or number of long inches; and a solid, or a number of cubic inches, can never be equal to a surface or a number of square inches! Yet the number which expresses an area may be equal to the number which expresses a length; and the num ber which expresses a solid content may be equal to the number which expresses a surface. In these senses, and in these only, can the preceding questions have any meaning; their solution is quite easy. 1. Put the square of a (the side of the square, equal to twice four times x, or twice the sum of the sides, and you find a is equal to 8, the first answer. 2. Put the cube of a (the side of the cube), equal to 6 times the square of x, or the surface of the cube, and you find 6, the second answer.-QUADRANT: Really we cannot say.-GEORGE AMBROSE DAMERHAM: Riddle's Young Scholar's English-Latin Dictionary 58., and Latin-English Dictionary 78. is by no means necessary to go back to pothooks and strokes; many persons Both together 12s.-R. J. (Tavistock): Right.-SUSANNE (Newington): It would admire her writing; we admire her desire for improvement; and recommend her to write two or three copy-books of the text, or large hand, from A to Z; then two or three copy-books of the half-text, or next size of writing, from A to Z; and lastly, two or three copy-books of the court-hand from A to Z; and if she will attend to the method of holding the pen, and of sitting at the table, which we have recommended in Lesson 1. of Penmanship, we feel quite certain that her next letter to us will both astonish her and

AN ALGEBRAIC STUDENT has proposed two questions which, from their

He would have had a great
fortune, if he had been less
slothful.

1. Ich hätte mir schon machen Veidruß (Syn.) ersparen können, wenn ich, statt zu widersprechen, geschwiegen hätte. 2. Ich möchte wissen, was Sie gethan hätten, wenn Sie an meiner Stelle gewesen wäre. 3. Wenn das Schicksal mich nicht heimgesucht hätte, würde ich schwerlich zu tiefen Ansichten gekommen sein. 4. Er hätte glücklich sein können, wenn er die Gelegenheit zu benuzen verstanden hätte. 5. Hätte das Wasser tie Brüde mit fortgerissen, so wäre der Zöllner verloren gewesen. 6. Hätte ich zu Dir kommen können, so würte ich gewiß nicht hier geblieben sein. 7. würden nie große Männer aufgetreten sein, wenn sie sich durch Schwierig. keiten und Unannehmlichkeiten hätten aufhalten lassen. 8. Wenn ich tas hätte erreichen wollen, was ich wünschte, so hätte ich fleißiger und anhaltenter arbeiten müssen. 9. Wennn er gerufen hätte, würte ich ihn gehört haben. 10. Wir wollen nicht ausgehen, es möchte regnen. 11. Wenn Sie mir etwas Näheres über diese Angelegenheiten mittheilen (Syn) möchten, so würten Sie mich sehr vervslichten 12. Es wäre meine größte Freude, alle Menschen glücklich zu sehen. 13. Ich hätte ohne Verstant (Syn.) fein müssen, wenn ich mich auf diese Sache hätte einlassen wollen. 11. Ver schwunden ist der Strand in der Ferne, o wie gerne, wär' ich noch im Vater, land! 15. Wenn er wäre, wie ich ihn wünsche, und wenn er allen meinen Anforderungen entsprochen hätte, würte ich ihn behalten haben.

1. Had your friend not become ill, he would certainly have embellished the feast by his presence. 2. If you were more prudent, you would not have met with this inconvenience. 3. I would have settled your business, if you had mentioned it to me. 4. His brother would have been better received, if he had had letters of recommendation. 5. He would have better friends, if he were more agreeable. 6. You would have had more difficulties, if you had not followed the advice of your friends. 7. I should not have the least doubt, that you would have succeeded, if you acted more prudently. 8. We should set sail for Holland, if we had a fair wind. 9. He would be the first among our merchants, if he were more sociable. 10. If I had had the power, I should have acted in another manner, because I should not have had so much patience. 11. What would be the felicity of man, if he always sought his happiness in himself? 12. You would be richer, if you were more enterprising.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

JUVENIS DISCIPULUS (Wigton) should consult a variety of works on the ancient laws to which he refers. He will get information in some of the large Classical Dictionaries recently published.-Cos: His solution is right. We shall be glad to see his perpetual calendar.-J. W. D. (Lambeth): The distance M. N. measures 215 equal parts, and the distance P. M. measures 225 equal parts.-CHARLES HUGHES (London) has made a good selection of studies; let him go on and prosper. Cassell's Arithmetic is intended for those who are desirous of progressing more rapidly with that subject than with any other.-B. P. (Islington): See Bradshaw's Continental Guide," or M'Culloch's Commercial Dictionary."-J. A. (Leicester): The "Spec

ourselves.

A SUBSCRIBER: There is an "express" almanack for the P. E,. and it is not the same as the one for the "Illustrated Exhibitor,"-see Literary Notices.-J. BRIGGS (Neverston): Thanks for his suggestions; he should try and give each an hour or two a-week, and not alternately.-UN SOLDAT ANGLO-INDIEN; Quand and lorsque are very nearly, if not entirely synony mous, when applied to the indicative mood; quand, when applied to the subjunctive, is a synonyme for si; your note is pretty correct.-J. A. F. (Bristol): We recommend J. S. Knowles as a teacher of Elocution, and of course his book on that subject.-F. P. F. (Hounslow): See p. 288, vol. I., ISAAC DAYKIN (Leicester): There is some truth in his remarks; they will col. 2, line 49.-S. G. (London): Terpsichore, pronounced terp-sick'-o-re.be attended to.-J. T. (South Shields) need not expect to find corresponding terms for life-boat and wreckers in any common French dictionary.-J. B. (Wolverhampton): A scalene triangle may also be a right angled triangle. and 5 inches in length; and it will be a scalene right angled triangle.To prove this; make a triangle of which the sides'shall be respectively 3, 4, JUVENILE CHEMIST, &c. (Notting-hill): We do not see the application of his citation from Newton. Right in the arithmetical question. But his own must lie over at present.

LITERARY NOTICES.

ALL NOW READY.

Price 1s., beautifully printed, super-1oyal 8vo., THE UNCLE TOM'S CABIN ALMANACK; or, THE ABOLITIONIST MEMENTO FOR 1853.-The most complete work on the question of slavery that has hitherto been published. Everybody who has read Uncle Tom's Cabin" should possess themselves of a copy of this book, which more than verifies all the statements in Mrs. Stowe's thrilling narrative. This work is splendidly Illustrated by George Cruikshank, Esq.; J. Gilbert, Esq.; W. larvey, Esq.; II. K. Browne, Esq. (" Phiz"); and other emitent artists; and contains upwards of 70 pages super-royal 8vo., replete with the most stirring incidents-Lives of Escaped Negroes; the Workings of the Fugitive Slave Law; Anecdotes, Narratives, and Historical and Descriptive Accounts of American Slavery. The sale already is very large, nearly 20,000 copis having been disposed of in a fortnight.

ILLUSTRATED EXHIBITOR ALMANACK, Thirty splendid Engravings, 6d. POPULAR EDUCATOR ALMANACK, Notices and Essays on Education, 2d. TEMPERANCE ALMANACK, Tale by the Autithoices of Uncle Tom, &c., M. PROTESTANT DISSENTERS' ALMANACK, with new Historical Notices, &c. 6d. CASSELL'S ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC, le. paper cover; Is. 6d. neatly bound in cloth.

Printed and Published by JOHN CASSELL, La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgatohill, London.-November 27, 1852.

UNIVERSITY OF

NUMEROUS applications having been made to us regarding the inquiry whether SELF-TAUGHT students are permitted to Matriculate at the University of London—that is, to enroll their names in the list of UNDER-Graduates of the said University,-we have made special inquiry into this matter, and we are enabled to announce to our students that it is quite competent for any of them, whether self-taught or not, to become a member of the University of London by passing the Examination for Matriculation, and even to take honours at the said Examination. The following are the REGULATIONS of the University on this head, which we extract from the "University Calendar for 1853."

ARTS. MATRICULATION.

The Matriculation Examination shall take place once a-year, and commence on the first Monday in July.

No Candidate shall be admitted to the Matriculation Examination unless he have produced a Certificate showing that he has completed his Sixteenth year.

This Certificate shall be transmitted to the Registrar at least fourteen days before the Examination begins.

A Fee of Two Pounds shall be paid at Matriculation. No Candidate shall be admitted to the Examination unless he have previously paid this Fee to the Registrar. If a Candidate fail to pass the Examination, the Fee shall not be returned to him, but he shall be admissible to any subsequent Examination for Matriculation without the payment of any additional Fee.

The Examination shall be conducted by means of Printed Papers; but the Examiners shall not be precluded from putting, for the purpose of ascertaining the competence of the Candidates to pass, viva voce questions to any Candidate in the subjects in which they are appointed to examine.

Candidates for the Matriculation Examination shall be examined in the following subjects:

[PASS EXAMINATION.]

MATHEMATICS.

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LONDON.- No. I.

Describe and explain the Barometer, the Siphon, the Commor Pump and Forcing-Pump, and the Air-Pump.

ACOUSTICS.

Describe the nature of Sound.

OPTICS.

State the Laws of Reflection and Refraction.

Explain the formation of Images by Simple Lenses.
CHEMISTRY.

The Atmosphere. Its general nature and condition; its component parts. Oxygen and Nitrogen; their properties. Water and Carbonic Acid. Proportions of these substances in the air.

Chlorine and Iodine, as compared with Oxygen.

Water. Its general relation to the atmosphere and earth; its natural states and relative purity. Sea-water, river-water, spring-water, rain-water. Pure water: effects of heat and cold on it; its compound nature; its elements. Hydrogen. Its nature and proportion in water; its presence in most ordinary fuels; its product when burnt. Sulphur, Phosphorus, and Carbon generally.

Nitric Acid, Sulphuric Acid, Carbonic Acid; their elements. Hydrocholoric or Muriatic Acid.

Alkalies, Earths, Oxides generally.

Salts. Their nature generally; Suiphates, Nitrates, Car

bonates.

Metals generally. Iron, Copper, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Gold, Silver,
Platinum, Mercury.

Powers of Matter. Aggregation, crystallization, chemical
affinity, definite equivalents.

Combustion. Flame; nature of ordinary fuel; chief results
of combustion, i. e., the bodies produced.

Heat. Natural and artificial sources; its effects. Expansion;
solids, liquids, gases. Thermometer; conduction; radia-
tion; capacity; change of form; liquefaction; steam.
The chief elements of Vegetable bodies; of Animal bodies.
CLASSICS.

THE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES.

One Greek and one Latin subject, to be selected one year and
a-half previously by the Senate from the works of the under-
mentioned authors:*
Homer....One Book.
Xenophon.. One Book.

Virgil....One Book of the Georgics, or the Sixth Book of the
Eneid.

Horace....One Book of the Odes.

Sallust....The Conspiracy of Catiline, or the War with Ju

gurtha.

Cæsar....The Civil War, or the Fifth and Sixth Books of the Gallic War.

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THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

The Grammatical Structure of the Language.
Proficiency in Composition will be judged of by the style of
answers generally.

THE FRENCH LANGUAGE OR THE GERMAN LANGUAGE.
OUTLINES OP HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY.

History of England to the end of the Seventeenth century.
The papers in Classics shall contain questions in History and
Geography.

Easy Grammatical questions shall be introduced in the Classical Papers.

Simple and easy sentences to be translated from English into Latin, shall be introduced in the Latin Paper.

It shall be indispensable for passing the Examination that each Candidate answer the questions and translate the sentences in a manner generally satisfactory to the Examiners in Classics.

The Classical Subjects for 1853 are, Homer: Odyssey, Book XI., and Livy, Book III.

36

Candidates shall not he approved by the Examiners unless they | Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; in the Morning from ren show a competent knowledge in

1. Classics ;*

2. Mathematics;

3. Natural Philosophy;

4. Chemistry;

5. Either French or German.

to One, and in the Af ernoon from Three to Six.

In determining the relative position of Candidates, the Examiners hall also have regard to the proficiency in Classics, His ory, and Geography, ev nced by the Candidates at the Matriculation Examination.

The Examiners shall publish in the course of the following week a list of the Candidates who acquit themselves to their satisfaction,

In the first week of examination the Examinations shall be con in the order of proficiency; and candidates shall be bracketed together ducted in the following order:

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Afternoon.

French, 2 to 4.

..German, 4 to 6.

.English History, 3 to 6
Chemistry, 3 to 6

Natural Philosophy, 3 to 6.
.The English Language, 2 to 5.
Morning.

.Mathematics, 10 to 1.

..Greek Classic and History, 10 to 1 Mathematics, 10 to 1.

...

Thursday Friday Roman Classic and History, 10 to 1. On Monday Morning at Nine o'clock in the week next but one ensuing, the Examiners shall arrange in Two Divisions, each in alphabetical order, such of the Candidates as have passed.

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he War with Catiline and Jugurtha. Livy ........Books XXI. and XXXI. Cicero

Phil pic.

De Sem crute; De Am citiâ; the Orations against Catine, Pro Milone, Pio Archia, and the 2nd Tacitus......Agricola; Germania; and Annals, Book I COMPOSITION IN LATIN AND IN ENGLISH.

Lati P'r se. Translation anretranslation.
En ish Prose.

An lysis of any of the subjects selected for

examina on; riginal com osition upon questions arising

out of h cas-ic-l authors elect d f rexamination. The papers i Ca sics shal consis or pissages to be translated, accommd by questions in Grammar, History, and Geography. This Examina on shel take place on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, in the week followig the Examination tor Honours in

• Including the Fnglish Language, History, and Geography.

unless the Examiners are of opinion that there is a clear difference between them.

Candidates for Honours in NATURAL History shall be examined in one or both of the following subjects:

BOTANY.*

ZOOLOGY.

The Examination for Honours in CHEMISTRY shall take place on the Friday in the week next but one after the Pass Examination, in the Morning from Ten to One; and the Examination in Natural History on the same day, in the Afternoon from Two to Five. Such Candidates for Honours in Chemistry and in Natural History as acquit themselves to the satisfaction of the Examiners, shall be arranged in the order of proficiency in each subject.

If, in the opinion of the Examiners, any Candidate shall possess sufficient merit, the Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and the Candidate who shall distinguish him-elf the most in Cia-sics, shall each receive an Exhibition of Thirty Pounds per annum for the next Two Years, if continuing during that period Students at one of the InUnder the same stitutions in connexion with this University. circumstances, the Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most in Chemistry, and the Candidate who shall distinguish himself the most in either branch of Natural History, shall each receive a Prize of Books to the value of Five Pounds."

Hitherto we find in the list of under-graduates who passed the Matriculation Examination, no less than 165 names to which are attached the words Private Tuition; and in the list of those who took honours at that Examination, no less than 23 names to which are attached the same words. From the date of this announcement, we hope and trust that some of our SELF-TAUGHT students will endeavour to get their names enrolled as members of the University of London, next year, and that their names will appear in the register with the words SELF-TUITION attached to them. It is quite possible that of those who have been already enrolled in the list with the words Private Tuition attached to their names, many may have been self-taught, and that, consequently, this term is included in the tormer. But the fact that self-taught students are admissible into the University, is now placed beyond a doubt. The Examination for Matriculation, whether with or without honours, takes place in July. This year, 1852, it took place for passing on the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th of July, and for honours on the 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 27th, 28th, and 29th of the same month. We add the following important notification from the Calendar:

"Candidates for Degrees are requested to take notice that it is necessary for them to attend in person at the Apartments of the University at Somerset House, before the commencement of the Examinations, for the purpose of entering their names on the Register."

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