Cueill-ir, 2, to gather. PRACTICAL RESUME OF THE RULES ON THE PAST PARTICIPLE.-II. 1. In active verbs, when the direct regimen follows the participle : Mes nièces ont étudié leurs leçons. 2. In neuter verbs conjugated My nieces have studied their lessons. They have neglected their studies. with avoir : My cousins have disappeared. Les cinq heures pendant les quelles The five hours during which they slept. elles ont dormi. 3. In unipersonal verbs, whether conjugated with être or with avoir : Les chaleurs qu'il a fait cette année. The heat there has been this year. 4. In reflective or pronominal verbs, of which the second pronoun is an indirect regimen, when no direct regimen precedes : She proposed to herself to leave. Elle s'est proposé de partir. Les chansons que j'ai entendu chan- The song which I heard (being) ter. sung. 6. When the direct regimen preceding a participle is not the object of this participle, but of a verb following: La régle que je vous ai conseillé The rule which I advised you to 8. After the pronoun en, when no direct regimen precedes 1. Cette demoiselle ne se trouve-t-elle 2. bien fatiguée. pas Elle est fatiguée et découragée. 3. Votre sœur est-elle allée à l'église suivant sa coutume? 4. Ma mère et ma sœur y sont allées. 5. Votre sœur est-elle revenue plus tôt que de coutume. 6. Elle est revenue plus tard qu'à l'ordinaire. 7. Cette pauvre malade est-elle tombée? 8. Elle est tombée dans la boue. 9. Ma mére est-elle parvenue à déchiffrer ma lettre? 10. Elle n'y est pas parvenue. 11. Quelles fleurs avez-vous cueillies ? 12. Les fleurs que j'ai trouvées sont plus belles que celles que vous ma'avez envoyées. 13. Votre cousine ne s'est-elle pas bien portée? 14. Elle s'est portée à merveille. 15. De quel livre vous êtes-vous servie, Mademoiselle? 16. Je me suis servie du vôtre. 17. Nous nous sommes servies des nôtres. 18. Elles nous ont donné de bons conQuelles fautes votre fils s'est-il reprochées? 19. Les fautes qu'il s'est reprochées ne sont pas sérieuses. 20. Les avez-vous vus rire? 21. Je les ai vus sourire. 22. Les avez-vous vus voler des fruits? 23. Je les ai vus voler des pommes. 24. Les avez-vous avertis de leurs fautes? 25. Je les en ai avertis. 26. Je ne les en ai pas avertis. EXERCISE 194. 1. Are your books well bound? 2. They are well bound, and well printed. 3. Did not your little girl find herself discouraged? 4. She found herself tired, but not discouraged. 5. Have your sisters come to an understanding? 6. They have not come to an understanding. 7. My brothers have come to an understanding. 8. Who came to you? 9. Your friends came to us. 10, Is not your sister gone to church? 11. My sister is gone to church as usual, 12. Did your sister return sooner than usual? 13. My sister returned later than usual. 14. Are the fields which you have ploughed large? 15. The fields which I have bought are very large. 16. Where are the gentlemen whom you saw pass? 17. The ladies whom I heard sing are in their room. 18. Did your poor sister fall? 19. Did that poor sick woman fall in the mud? 20. Did your sister succeed in reading that book? 21. She succeeded in reading it. 22. Have you warned your sisters of their danger? 23. I have warned them of it. 24. I have not warned them of it. 25. What pen has your mother used? 26. She has used mine. 27. Have not those young ladies used my book? 28, They have not used it. 29. Has your mother been well? 30. She has been perfectly well, 31. Has she remembered her promise? 32. She has remembered it. 33. Have you seen those boys laugh? 34. I have seen them smile. 35. Have you seen them play? 36. I have heard them play. seils. RESUME OF Elles nous en ont donné. La belle journée qu'il a fait hier! C'est la plus belle fête qu'il y ait They have brought me oranges. Disparaît-re, 4.ir. to dis- Lion d'Or, m. Golden Pièce, f. piece. Racont-er, 1. to relate. Reven-ir, 2. ir. to return. Soieries, silk goods. 1. Quelle auberge vous a-t-on recommandée. 2. On m'a as the lightning. Words convey the mental treasures of one EXERCISE 196. One of the most elegant writers in our language, Mrs. Barbauld, 1. Have you not recommended my nieces? 2. I have re-school-room to write it out on their slates in their own words. LESSONS IN ENGLISH.-No. XXXII. By JOHN R. BEARD, D.D. LATIN STEMS. 30. 33. I LANGUAGE is full of instruction, because it is the embodiment, the The rocks on each side of the Straits of Gibraltar, were called by the Latin words. curro, I run dens (dentis), a tooth LATIN STEMS. cur, curr English words. incur, curricle, current dexterity, dexterous dictate, predict, diction dignity, dignify decor dei dexter dict di medi digni doleo, I grieve dol donum, a gift don duc, duct du dur ebri cd edible duco, I lead duct, induce, educate durable, durance ebriety, inebriate red(e)em, exemption flexible, flexile conflict, afflict floral, florist reflux, efflux federal, confederate fortuitous, fortunate + See an excellent and most instructive (though in style too ambitious) Latin words. LESSONS IN ENGLISH. fulmen (fulminis), lightning fulmin gel, geal, gelat congeal, congelation, gelat gentile, genteel [inous belligerent, gesture, digestion facilitate, faculty fugitum, to fly fundo, I pour fusus, poured gelu, frost gens (gentis), a nation gent genu, a knee genu gero, I carry ger, gest exter, outward exter faber, a workman fabr fabric, fabricate facilis, easy facil, facul ficul facio, I make fact, fect, fit fic, fy sopor (sopōris), heaviness, sopor fallo, I deceive [sleep fall fanum, a temple fan fari, to speak fa fatus, spoken fat felix (felicis), happy felic femina, a woman femin fero, I bear fer ferveo, 1 boil ferv fidelis, faithful fidel fido, I trust fid confide, diffidence filia, a daughter filius, a son filial, affiliate filum, a thread fil filament fingo, I feign fig figment fictus, feigned fict fiction, fictitious finis, an end fin final, finite, definite definitive fiscal, confiscate fiscus, the imperial treasury fisc fissus, cleft fitus, a puff of wind fiss flat factor, perfect, benefit feminine, effeminacy fissure flatulent, inflate "Modern languages have only one variation, and so the Latin; but the Greek and Hebrew have one to signify two, and another to signify more than two; under one variation (the former) the noun is said to be of the dual number, and under the other of the plural."-Clarke, "Latin Grammar." "A duel, called by the Greeks monomachia (single-fight), and by the Latins duellum, receiving its denomination from the persons engaged in it, is properly a fight or combat between two persons.". South. "I suppose I need not take any pains to prove the unlawfulness, nay, the sottishness of such duellings, when men sold their lives for a crown or an angel; and by a preposterous way of labouring not to get their living, but to procure their death."-South "There is one kind of egotist which is very common in the world. I mean those empty, conceited fellows who repeat as sayings of their own, or some of their particular friends, several jests which were made before they were born, and which every one who has conversed in the world -Spectator. has heard an hundred times over." "If a pawnbroker receives plate or jewels as a pledge or security for the repayment of money lent thereon, on a day certain, he has them upon an express contract or condition to restore them, if the pledger performs his part by redeeming them in due time."-Blackstone. "A just, though terrible, judgment of God upon these play-hunters and prophaners of his holy day."-Prynne. "Somewhat allied to this (blasphemy), though in an inferior degree, is the offence of profane and common swearing."-Blackstone. "When one tossed his weaver's beam, and the other carried the gates of Gaza, they performed their prodigious feats by tender filaments, slighter than a cobweb, undiscernible with a microscope-Search, "Light of Nature." Definite and definitive are synonymous, that is, words which come near in meaning to each other; I say near in meaning, for there are few pairs of words that have exactly the same force. Definite and definitive, as coming from finis, an end, agree in that they both put an end to a matter: a definite answer puts an end to your question by speaking so clearly, and so exactly, as to leave no room for its repetition; but a definitive answer puts an end to the matter in issue as well as to the question. By a definite answer I leave you in no doubt as to my meaning; and by a definitive answer I put a negative on your proposal. Honest men, and clear-minded men, give definite answers; men who have come to a final conclusion pronounce a definitive judgment, "They never have suffered, and never will suffer, the fixed estate of the church to be converted into a pension, to depend on the treasury, and to be delayed, withheld, or perhaps to be extinguished, by fiscal "French Revolution." difficulties."-Burke, "And all their landes, goodes, and possessions were confiscate and seased to ye kynge's vse."-Hall, "Richard III." "There are other subterraneous juts and channels, fissures and passages, through which many times the waters make their way."Derham, "Physico Theology." To refuse comes immediately from the French, refuser. But From refutare, says Richardson; and whence the French? certainly refutare, both in good and in middle-age Latin, primarily signifies to put down, put back, refuse, and only derivatively to prove logically wrong. But this view makes to refuse and to Besides, the t and s are not exchangerefute the same in origin. able. It seems less incorrect to derive refuse from re and fundo, (fusus, fusion), which thus means a pouring or handing back. Refuse, the noun, signifying rubbish, comes from the same root, only it takes its special import from a custom which prevailed in some cathedral and collegiate churches, according to which those who held the benefices were required to put together every year into a common treasury, for the common use, some portion of their income. That portion was seldom the best, and hence the refusio, as the Latin name for the common contribution was, refuse in English, came to have a bad character, and to be nearly equivalent to our rubbish. Rubbish, or, in an older form of the word, rubbage, is that which was rubbed off (Latin, detritus), as refuse is that which is poured or thrown back. Early in the morning, as the day began to dawn, the devout father of a family arose with his wife from the couch, and thanked God for the day, and for their refreshing slumber. But the glow of morning beamed into the little chamber where their seven children lay in their beds asleep. Then they gazed at the children one by one, and the mother find them food." Thus sighed the mother, for there was a famine said, "They are seven in number; alas! it will be hard for us to in the land. But the father smiled, and said, "See, do they not lie there, all the seven? And they have all red cheeks, and the beams of the morning stream over them, so that they appear lovelier than ever, like seven blooming roses. Mother, that shows us that He who As they stepped from the chamber, they saw at the door fourteen creates the morning and sends us sleep, is true and unchangeable." shoes in a row, growing smaller and smaller, two by two, a pair for each child. The mother gazed at them, and when she saw that they were so many, she wept. But the father said, "Mother, why dost thou weep? Have not all the seven received sound and active feet? Why, then, should we be anxious about that which covers them? If the children have confidence in us, should we not have confidence in Him who can "See, his sun rises! Come, then, like it let us begin our day's do more than we can comprehend? work with a cheerful countenance.' LESSONS IN GERMAN.-No. XXXII. SECTION LXIII, tain it. 7. Whoever this young lady be, she is very unpolite 8. However cunning they may be, they are sometimes mistaken. Auch (also) often corresponds to our word ever in compounds. 9. Great as my poverty may be, I shall not become disheart. Ex.: So groß er auch ist, ich will es doch mit ihm aufnehmen; how. ened. 10. Whatever the news may be, impart it to me. 11. ever large he is, I will enter into the contest with him, (lite- Whatever advantages may be offered to him, he will not accept of them. 12. Whatever faults he may have committed, I will rally, take it up with him.) Wer es auch sein mag; whoever he may be. Was er auch sagen mag; whatever he may say. forgive him. 13. Even in the heat of the battle, and amidst Sometimes it is best translated by even. Ex.: Wenn er auch the roar of cannons, the commander rode quietly to and fro. frank ist, so will ich ihm doch nicht helfen; even if he is sick, never-14. However great my misfortune may be, nobody shall perceive it. 15. Even the king must obey the law. 16. Even my theless I will not help him. adversary praised my valour. I. Selbst, when it precedes the subject, or the object, is likewise generally rendered by "even." Ex.: Selbst der Tod trennte fie nicht; even death did not separate them. Selbst das Wiedersehen seiner Freunde vermochte nicht ihn zu erheitern; even the meeting again of his friends was not able to enliven him. Severe as the trial was for him, Even if the world should perish Whoever he may be, and what- However much people spoke of (about) him, they were yet SECTION LXIV. Pflegen, besides its primary meaning, (Sect. 47.) has in both the present and imperfect, the signification, "to be accustomed," "to be wont;" as, er pflegte zu sagen; he used to say. Gr pflegt zu reiten; he is accustomed to ride (on horseback.) I. Achten or Acht followed by auf, is used thus: Ich achte auf das, was (Sect 70. II.) ich höre; I give attention to that which I hear. Ich werde Acht auf ihn haben; I will attend to him (have attention on him.) Er nimmt sich in Acht; he takes care of himself. Wir müssen uns vor dem Bösen in Acht nehmen; we must guard ourselves against the wicked (take ourselves in attention before the wicked.) Allein', alone, but; EXERCISE 67. treasure ; Müs'siggang, m. idle ness, sloth; Alat Schmeichler, m. terer; Selbst'erkenntniß, f. self-knowledge; Sommer m. summer; Sorgen, to care, take care; to Tugend, f. virtue; Pflegen, to foster; Winter, m. winter; accession, to the store. Ein guter Vater sorgt mehr für den A good father cares more for Ein jeder Mensch trägt wegen der Vor einem falschen Menschen soll bung, als auf sich selbst. Gebet Acht auf lehr reiche Gespräche Socrates pflegte zu sagen, er wisse the intellectual, than for the corporeal adorning of his children. Every man has a concern for the future. One should guard himself more against a treacherous person than against a poisonous serpent. He has more concern about his neighbourhood than about himself. Give attention to instructive conversation, and retain the best. 1. Sogar die Sieger priesen die Tapferkeit der Besiegten. 2. Der Gesang rührte sogar die härtesten Gemüther. 3. Die Töne der Musik drangen fozar bis an unsere Ohren. 4. Man kann sogar hier das fröhliche Lachen | Er hat mehr Acht auf seine Umge'. der Kinder hören. 5. Wie kann man von Andern verlangen, was man selbst nicht thun mag? 6. Man muß sich selbst achten. 7. Das Unkraut wächst von selbst, ohne daß man es säct und pflegt. 8. Die Armuth selbst soll mich nicht abhalten, redlich zu handeln. 9. Wenn auch Sie mich verlassen, dann habe ich keinen Freund mehr. 10. O, wenn auch diese Zeit | schon da wäre! 11. Wenn er auch eine rauhe Außenseite hat, so hat er toch ein gefühlvolles Herz. 12. Wenn ihr auch dieses thut, dann will ich euch gut belohnen. 13. So viel auch Eurer sind, ich nehme es mit jedem auf. 14. So viel auch Heinrich arbeitet, se bringt er doch nichts fertig. 15. So viel er auch sprach, sie hörten ihn doch nicht. 16. Was auch geschehen mag, ich werde ihm treu bleiben. 17. Was auch für Nachrichten 1. Derjenige, welcher in der Jugend sorgt, braucht im Alter nicht Sorge kommen, sie werten nicht muthlos. 18. Was auch mein Freund beginnt, zu tragen. 2. Habe Acht auf Dich, nicht nur in Gesellschaft fremder Scute, er hat kein Glück. 19. Was es auch sein mag, Niemand soll es erfahren. | sondern auch wenn Du allein bist, damit (Sect. 77.) Du Dich selbst fernen 20. Er hat sogar nicht Geld genug, um Vred zu kaufen. 21. Wir müssen Jedermann lieben, selbst unsere Feinte. 22. Ich kann selbst unter diesen Beringungen ihren Vorschlag nicht annehmen. 23. Er konnte sogar unter allen Büchern das schönste auswählen. Socrates was accustomed to say he knew nothing farther, than that he knew nothing; and so at the present day, every discreet person, yea, even the most discreet, is accustomed to say. ernst. 3. Derjenige, welcher nicht immer auf sich Acht giebt, kenimt nie zur Selbsterkenntniß. 4. Die alten Deutschen pflegten gewöhnlich in alten Eichenhainen ihren Göttern zu epfern. 5. Gute Kinder pflegen (Sect. 47.) ihre Eltern in ihrem Alter. 6. Meine Freunde pflegen des Morgens 1. Whatever he may say, I shall presevere. 2. Even with Wasser zu trinken. 7. Des Morgens und des Abends pflegt er der Rube. that profit they were not contented. 3. The mishap of this 8. Wir pflegen, anstatt des Thees, Kaffe zu trinken. 9. Seiner Gesunts family was so great, that they even asked assistance of strangers. 4. Even I shall not depart with attendants. 5. The moon does heit zu pflegen ist ihm eine große Sorge. 10. Er pilegt res Morgens not give us so much light as the sun, even when she shines the zu arbeiten und tes Nachmittags zu lesen. 11. Derjenige, welcher tes brightest. 6. Whatever your friend may be, you will not ob- Müssigganges pflegt, pflegt auch der Sünde. 12. Pfleget der Tugend und LESSONS IN NATURAL HISTORY. Vedürfnisse zu habe; over wenn nicht des Lasters. 13. Er pflegt nicht vor acht Uhr aufzustehen. 14. Man | Es ist eine vortreff’liche Sache, feine 1. Guard yourself against those who have smooth words, or enemies. your soul and your body, for they are the noblest gifts to man and his greatest treasures. SECTION LXV. Umihin (around there) is used only in connection with tönnen. Ex.: Ich konnte nicht umhin es ihm zu sagen; I could not (get) around, i. e., I could not help, or avoid, telling it to him. Ich habe nicht umhin gefonnt es zu thun; I could not help doing it. I. Spazieren" (to take a walk, to take an airing) signifies, in union with gehen, fahren, reiten, führen, to take a walk, to take the air in a coach, to ride out, or take the air on horseback, to lead about, or on a walk. Ex.: Gine Stunde des Tages ausgenom. men, in welcher er seine Schwester spazieren führt, sißt er beinahe immer an seinem Schreibtische und studiet, während sein jungerer Bruder lieber frazieren geht, spazieren reitet, oder in Gesellschaft einiger Freunde spazieren fahrt; one hour of the day excepted, in which he conducts his sister on a walk, he is almost alway sitting at his writing-desk and studying, while his younger brother prefers to go a walking, to ride on horseback, or to take a drive in company with a few friends. II. Thun" (to do) is in some phrases used impersonally. Ex.: G8 thut nichts; it does or effects nothing; i. e. it is no matter. Es thut Noth; it is necessary. III. Behüte, and bewahre, or, Gott behüte, Gott bewahre, are often used, especially in conversation, to denote aversion, abhorrence, fear, &c., and may commonly be rendered, "God forbid." EXERCISE 68. Hinwen'den, to turn to; Arg, bad; Intem, in that, while; Beweisen, to prove; down; Bewerben, to sue for; Ohnmächtig, Blid, m. look, glance; Gurgaft, Brüsten, to be proud, escape; bragi weak, Indem' er aber also gedach'te, siehe, no necessities; or, if now one It is an excellent affair to have cannot once avoid having some, nevertheless, at least, not to have more than one is absolutely obliged to have. moment, to receive a correcIt causes pain, indeed, for the tion that we have not merited; but while we remember our innocence, we soon learn to forget what we have suffered. While he thus thought, however, behold there appeared an angel unto him. 1. Diejenigen, welche zu viel spazieren gehen, gewöhnen sich endlich an ben Müssiggang. 2. Eine halbe Stunde nach dem Essen spazieren gehet, ist der Gesundheit sehr zuträglich. 3. In Italien fahren Viele mit Maul thieren spazieren. 4. Man sieht gewöhnlich mehr Herren spazieren gehen, 5. Die Gurgäste in Wisbaden reiten oft auf Maul. als spazieren reiten. 8. Er ver. thieren auf die Platte des Taunusgebirges. 6. Reisen zu Fuß sind oft angenehmer, als zu Wagen oder zu Pferd. 7. Die Lappländer fahren auf Schlitten und bedienen sich der Rennthiere anstatt der Pferde. wandte beinahe kein Auge von seinen Verwandten, die er in so langer Zeit nicht gesehen hatte, und freute sich ihrer Erzählungen. 9. Für diesen jungen Soldaten haben sich die meisten Officire bei dem General verwendet. 10. Ich wandte mich in meiner Noth an meine Freunde; allein wo ich mich hinwandte, sah ich nur gleichgültige Blicke. 11. Er entwandte mir (§ 129. Obs.) meine Uhr und einige andere Gegenstände, ohne daß ich es bemerkte. 12. Derjenige, welcher mit seinen Kenntnissen groß thut, beweist damit, daß 13. er weniger weiß, als er sich brüstet und andere glauben machen will. Sie werden doch nicht (Sect. 44. IV.) glauben, daß ich Sie vorsäglich beleidigt hätte? 14. Gott behüte! ich habe nie so etwas Arges (Sect. 15. IV.) von Ihnen geglaubt und glauben wollen. 15. Sie werten bei diesem schönen Wetter doch nicht zu Hause bleiben wollen? 16. O bewahre! ich habe nicht Lust, einen so schönen Tag zwischen den vier Wänden meiner Stube zuzubringen. 17. Es haben sich mehrere um dieses Amt beworben, und zwar (Sect. 44. IV.) folgente. 18. Ich kann nicht umhin Ihnen zu Ihnen recht herzlich zu danken. 20. Als ich auf den Wolf schießen wollte, fagen, af mir diese Behandlung nicht gefällt. 19. Ich kann nicht umhin, versagte mir die Flinte. 2. Preserve us, 1. He could not help expressing his censure. O Lord, from sin. 3. I could not help forgiving the wrongs which I had endured. 4. While he said this he sank down fainting. 5. We shall ride slowly to the park. 6. The queen took an airing on horseback yesterday. 7. This merchant boasts of his riches. 8. The Arabian rides on horseback with incre Taunusgebirge, n. Tau-dible rapidity. 9. When the knights of olden times rode to nusgebirge, a moun-war, their horses were armed with a coat of mail. 10. Kings and princes are accustomed to take a drive with six horses. tain near the Rhine; 11. When he could have escaped, his strength failed him. 12. (See Umhinkönnen, ble; to turn, swooning, Wenden, advan- to. The wood is used for building. 13. He has devoted the greatest part of his youth to scientific pursuits. 14. Journeys through the Rhine valley are more agreeable on foot than on horseback. 15. John leads his sister about the park, while her father rides on horseback. LESSONS IN NATURAL HISTORY.-No. XIII. (ORDER Carnivora.) THE civet, of which we give an engraving, is somewhat more than two feet long from the nose to the insertion of the tail, and its tail is upwards of a foot in length. The colour of the animal's fur is an ash grey, and is marked with large blackish or dusky spots. The hair is of a coarse texture, and along the The body is rather back stands somewhat erect, like a mane. ⚫ Would not go off, i. e. missed fire. |