SONG.

WORDS BY MISS TAYLOR, SUGGESTED BY THE FATE OF THE UNFORTUNATE MUNGO PARK.

SET TO ROUSSEAU'S DREAM.

SPECIMENS AND PATTERNS OF DINNER SPEECHES, deed-Inspiring occasion-Illustrious friend-Head and

OFFERED FOR PUBLIC USE.

The following whimsical article, which is taken from the New Monthly Magazine, seems to have been composed on the model of one of those specimens of unintelligible oratory with which our old friend Ryley is "wont to set the table in a roar."-Edit. Kal.

Common, if I may use the expression-Immortal bard Challenge any person-Gallant officer-Words of my illustrious friend-Cannot conclude better-Propose the health of our truly noble, fine-hearted, fine-headed, graceful, useful, ornamental, high-minded, example-giving, facetious and superior friend, Earl Hipkins. (Cheers-long applause-three times three.")

heart-Thoughts which-Considerations which--Those feelings which-All, I am sure-When I name the name of Jenkins (shouts of applause)-Hasten to conclude Happiness to propose-Health, gentlemen of our worthy, illustrious, eloquent, independent, loyal, interesting, agreeable, modest, and consummate friend, Sir Thomas Jenkins. (Cheers-three times three.") Speech of Earl Hipkins." Totally want wordsSpeech of Sir Thomas Jenkins.-"Quite overwhelmed Highly honoured--Deeply affected--Bosom-Carry it -Most unaffectedly say-Proudest day of my life-Latest home with me-Children-Posterity-Celebration-DisDinner speeches are extremely to our purpose. There day of my life-Heir-loom-Honourable and admirable plays of talent-Worthy chairman-Illustrious friends might be patterns for them as easily as for the plates. Take friend who-Flattering things which-Those things which-Gallant officers-Brilliant assembly--British nation the following one for returning thanks. Instead of hum--Defy any man to say-Can safely say-When I look (cheers)-Fair sex (continued cheers)-Under the rose (a ming and hawing, and drawing out an unnecessary chain round me-Rank and talent-Illustrious friend on my laugh)-Moral order-Arguments which-Events which of sentences, what should hinder a person of any gratitude right-Incomparable friend on my left-Worthy Chair--Things which no man that-That which, I am sure, no from showing a proper sense of his audience's time and at- man-However unworthy myself (Cheers.) All of you gentleman that Effects of this day-Will not take up tention, by delivering himself with a pregnant brevity; as perfect (deafening applause.) Cannot conclude better your time-One word more-Presume to differ-Delight thus: Gentlemen-Feel it impossible-Proudest day Propose the health of our worthy, excellent, pure, upright, to agree-Sorry to be informed-Happy to hear-Long of my life-Honourable Gentleman who-Those feelings downright, indefatigable, simple-minded,, inimitable pull and strong pull-Immortal bard-Distinguished living which-Extremely obliged-Happiness-All your healths friend, Sir George Tomkins. (Vociferous applause-three writer-Homely but acute proverb-Valuable time in return." If the company meet for the purpose to make times three.") -Found at my post-Words unnecessary-English hearts speeches, or to compliment one another (pretty nearly the same thing) something longer must be allowed for the sake of all parties. The following patterns would do. Chairman's Speech.-"Totally inadequate-Some other more worthy Your pleasure-My modesty-Will for

Speech of Sir George Tomkins." Cannot express--Bumper at parting-Health of our worthy, solid, polite, Feel it here-Doubly welcome-Grace this meeting-thinking, drinking, impartial, indefatigable, patérnal, priAfter eloquent speech-Humble endeavours-Proud sen- vate, public, plain-hearted, and prodigious chairman. (Risations-Those persons who-Questions which-Insinua- otous applause-three times three. Chairman returns thanks tions which-Times like ours-Understandings like yours--New Chairman-Songs-Festivity-Late hour.")

Literature.

TALES OF THE CRUSADERS.
[FROM THE DUMFRIES COURIER.]

The public anxiety regarding the appearance of these tales; the fretful impatience that but ill brooked delay; together with the hints so unhandsomely thrown out, that a certain gentleman was getting lazy, though he continues to indite more books than most men are able to read, so far from being derogatory to the author of "Waverley," ought all to be viewed as so many proofs that the sun of his fame still shines with undiminished splendour, and that in so far as the public themselves are concerned,

"Excess of appetite grows by what it feeds on."

66

"Waverley,'

99

rated itself from the trees, which partly hid its motions, ter the Saracen had lost his sword and his quiver of arrows, and advanced towards the knight with a speed which soon both of which were attached to the girdle, which he was showed a mounted horseman, whom his turban, long obliged to abandon. He had also lost his turban in the spear, and green caftan floating in the wind, on his nearer struggle. These disadvantages seemed to incline the Mos approach, showed to be a Saracen cavalier. In the lem to a truce. He approached the Christian with his desert,' saith an eastern proverb, no man meets a friend.' right hand extended, but no longer in a menacing attitude. The crusader was totally indifferent whether the infidel, There is truce betwixt our nations,' he said, in the

who now approached on his gallant barb, as if borne on lingua franca commonly used for the purpose of commu
the wings of an eagle, came as friend or foe-perhaps, as nication with the crusaders; wherefore should there be
a vowed champion of the Cross, he might rather have pre-war betwixt thee and me? Let there be peace betwixt
ferred the latter. He disengaged his lance from his saddle, us.'
seized it with the right hand, placed it in rest with its
point half elevated, gathered up the reins in the left,
waked his horse's mettle with the spur and prepared to en-
counter the stranger with the calni sent-confidence belong-
ing to the victor in many contests.

"They were now arrived at the knot of palm-trees, and the fountain which welled out from beneath their shade in sparkling profusion.

In this delightful spot the two warriors halted, and each, after his own fashion, proceeded to relieve his horse from saddle, bit, and rein, and permitted the animals to drink at the basin, ere they refreshed themselves from the fountain head, which arose under the vault. They then suffered the steeds to go loose, confident that their interest, straying from the pure water and fresh grass. as well as their domesticated habits, would prevent their

"We have spoken of a moment of truce in the midst The Saracen came on at the speedy gallop of an Arab of war; and this, a spot of beauty in the midst of a sterile Already his works form a library of themselves; and here horseman, managing his steed more by his limbs, and the desert, was scarce less dear to the imagination. It was we have a proof of the truth of Hume's remark, that the inflection of his body, than by any use of the reins, which scene, which, perhaps, would elsewhere have deserved litgreatest authors are also, generally, the most voluminous. hung loose in his left hand; so that he was enabled to tle notice; but as a single speck, in a boundless horizon, wield the light round buckler of the skin of the rhinoceros, which promised the refreshment of shade and living water, Lope de Vega, Voltaire, Shakspeare, not to mention a whole host of less illustrious names, were all and each ornamented with silver loops, which he wore on his arm, these blessings, held cheap where they are common, ren most fruitful scribes; but even in this respect they bear no the formidable thrust of the western lance. His own long Some generous or charitable hand, ere yet the evil days of swinging it as if he meant to oppose its slender circle to dered the fountain and its neighbourhood a little paradise sort of comparison to the mighty minstel who, in an age in which every desperate blockhead dares to write," and spear was not couched or levelled like that of his antago Palestine began, had walled in and arched over the foun in which new publications of every kind are poured forth.nist, but grasped by the middle with his right hand, and tain, to preserve it from being absorbed in the earth, or As the cava- choked by the flitting clouds of dust, with which the least with an abundance immeasurably beyond all example, brandished at arm's length above his head. still holds undivided sway-still figures as the prince of lier approached his enemy at full career, he seemed to breath of wind covered the desert. The arch was now novelists, and who, if there be such a thing as a royal lite- expect that the Knight of the Leopard should put his broken, and partly ruinous; but it still so far projected rary line, can only be said to quail to a single predecessor horse to the gallop to encounter him. But the Christian over, and covered in the fountain, that it excluded the sun who flourished nearly two centuries ago. True, the public knight, well acquainted with the customs of eastern war- in a great measure from its waters, which, hardly touched have more than once felt a little disappointed; every suc- riors, did not mean to exhaust his good horse by any by a straggling beam, while all around was blazing, lay ceeding romance was not deemed so good as unnecessary exertion; and, on the contrary, made a dead-in' a steady repose, alike delightful to the eye and the Guy Mannering," "The Antiquary." Ivanhoe," &c. shock, his own weight, and that of his powerful charger, first received in a marble basin, much defaced indeed, but halt, confident that if his enemy advanced to the actual imagination. Stealing from under the arch, they were but if ever the giant appeared to be curtailed of his proper would give him sufficient adyantage, without the addi- still cheering the eye, by showing that the place was an dimensions, it was only when he was measured by the high tional momentum of rapid motion. Equally sensible and ciently considered as a station, that the hand of man had standard he had himself established, and his readers, in looking round for examples of equal bone and muscle, apprehensive of such a probable result, the Saracen cava- been there, and that man's accommodation had been in speedily got reconciled to their old favourite, and as twice the length of his lance, wheeled his steed to the left ler was reminded by these signs, that others had suffered lier, when he had approached towards the Christian within some measure attended to. The thirsty and weary travelquickly disabused of the hallucination through which they with inimitable dexterity, and rode twice round his anta- similar difficulties, reposed in the same spot, and, doubthad passed an uncharitable judgment. In a word, the composer of the series of works in question is the greatest gonist, who, turning without quitting his ground, and less, found their way in safety to a more fertile country. phenomenon in modern times, and though to common presenting his front constantly to his enemy, frustrated Again, the little scarce visible current which escaped from observers his merits may not be quite so palpable as those his attemps to attack him on an unguarded point; so that the basin, served to nourish the few trees which surrounded of the inventor of the steam-engine, sure we are that he the Saracen, wheeling his horse, was fain to retreat to the the fountain, and where it sunk into the ground and disdistance of a hundred yards. A second time, like a appeared, its refreshing presence was acknowledged by a has conferred inestimable benefits on his species, in inno-hawk attacking a heron, the Moor renewed the charge, carpet of velvet verdure. cently beguiling the tedious hours of the sick and infirm, and a second time was fain to retreat without coming to a in communicating a new and gladdening impulse to the close struggle. A third time he approached in the same stream of human life, in displaying, as in a glass, not the manner, when the Christian knight, desirous to terminate future but the former destinies of the human race, and, this illusory warfare, in which he might at length have above all, in periodically withdrawing one's thoughts from been worn out by the activity of his foeunan, suddenly those worldly and grovelling cares with which they are so seized the mace which hung at his saddle-bow, and, with frequently beset, and so apt to be corrupted. Long, therefore, may he continue to minister to the amusement, if head of the Emir, for such and not less his enemy appeared. a strong hand and unerring aim, hurled it against the not to the actual improvement of the public; long may The Saracen was just aware of the formidable missile in he be ready with his Christmas offering of a new novel, time to interpose his light buckler betwixt the mace and even if we should be charged two guineas for it. When his head; but the violence of the blow forced the buckler Dr. Johnson was introduced to Geo. III. his Majesty in- down on his turban, and though that defence also contriquired whether he intended to write any more books. buted to deaden its violence, the Saracen was beaten from Please your Majesty," said the Doctor, "I think I have his horse. Ere the Christian could avail himself of this written enough."" And so would I too (was the ready mishap, his nimble foeman sprung from the ground, and, reply of the venerable monarch) had you not written so calling on his horse, which instantly returned to his side, well." Now the speech ascribed to the great lexicogra- he leaped on his seat without touching the stirrup, and pher would be still more in point if made by -, but we He who has laboured so diligently regained all the advantage of which the Knight of the need name no names. and long-aye, and with a degree of success that fairly Leopard hoped to deprive him. But the latter had in the meanwhile recovered his mace, and the eastern cavalier, casts every competitor into the shade, might now, or at who remembered the strength and dexterity with which any time, close his career, as the sun closes the natural he had aimed it, seemed to keep cautiously out of reach of day-that is, amidst countless numbers of admirers, who, that weapon, of which he had so lately felt the force; although they might regret that his light had waned, while he showed his purpose of waging a distant warfare would still give way to a feeling of gratitude that they had with missile weapons of his own. Planting his long spear been permitted to bask in his beams so long. in the sand at a distance from the scene of combat, he strung with great address a short bow, which he carried at his back, and putting his horse to the gallop, once more described two or three circles of a wider extent than formerly, in the course of which he discharged six arrows at the Christian with such unerring skill, that the goodness of his harness alone saved him from being wounded in as many places. The seventh shaft apparently found a less perfect part of the armour, and the Christian dropped heavily from his horse. But what was the surprise of the Saracen, when, dismounting to examine the condition of his prostrate enemy, he found himself suddenly within the grasp of the European, who had had recourse to this artifice to bring his enemy within his reach! Even in this deadly grapple, the Saracen was saved by his agility and presence of mind. He unloosed the sword belt, in which the Knight of the Leopard had fixed his hold, and thus eluding his fatal grasp, mounted his horse, which seemed to watch his motions with the intelligence of a human being, and again rode off. But in the last encoun

[FROM THE LITERARY GAZETTE.]

The second tale in these volumes is the "TALISMAN." The narrative opens with a fine description of a solitary knight, Sir Kenneth of the Sleeping Leopard, travelling over the desert near the Dead Sea, on a mission or pilgrimage to a famous anchorite, called the Hermit of Engaddi. He is encountered by a Saracen, whom he worsts in the combat; and, in the spirit of those times, they become friends from being gallant foes, and journey together to a spring called the Diamond of the Desert. Their hot temperaments go frequently very nigh to cause a breach of truce; but an account of their encounter and repose will best serve to introduce them, and display their

moods:

As the Knight of the Couchant Leopard continued to fx his eyes attentively on the yet distant cluster of palmtrees, it seemed to him as if some object was moving amongst them and beside them. The distant form sepa

The Christian and Saracen next sat down together on the turf, and produced each the small allowance of store which they carried for their own refreshment. Yet, ere they severally proceeded to their scanty meal, they eyed each other with that curiosity which the close and doubtful conflict in which they had been so lately engaged was calculated to inspire. Each was desirous to measure the strength, and form some estimate of the character, of an adversary so formidable and each was compelled to acknowledge, that had he fallen in the conflict, it had been by a noble hand.

The

The champions formed a striking contrast to each other in person and features, and might have formed no inaccurate representatives of their different nations. Frank seemed a powerful man, built after the ancient Gothic cast of form, with brown hair, which, on the remo val of his helmet, was seen to curl thick and profusely over his head. His features had acquired, from the ho climate, a hue much darker than those parts of his nec which were less frequently exposed to view, or that was warranted by his full and well opened blue eye, th colour of his hair, and of the mustaches which thick shaded his upper lip, while his chin was carefully diveste of beard, after the Norman fashion. His nose was Gre cian and well formed; his mouth a little large in propor tion, but filled with well-set, strong, and beautiful whit teeth; his head small, and set upon the neck with muc grace. His age could not exceed thirty, but if the effect of toil and climate were allowed for, might be three four years under that period. His form was tall, power ful, and athletic, like that of a man whose strength migh in latter life, become unwieldy, but which was hither united with lightness and activity. His hands, when h withdrew the mailed gloves, were long, fair, and well pr portioned; the wrist-bones peculiarly large and strong and the arms themselves remarkably well-shaped an brawny. A military hardihood, and careless framkness

expression, characterized his language and his motions; and his voice had the tone of one more accustomed to command than to obey, and who was in the habit of expressing his sentiments aloud and boldly, wherever he was called upon to announce them.

The Saracen Emir formed a marked and striking contrast with the western crusader. His stature was indeed abere the middle size, but he was at least three inches shorter than the European, whose size approached the gigantic. His slender limbs, and long spare hands and arms, though well proportioned to his person, and suited to the aple of his countenance, did not at first aspect promise the display of vigour and elasticity which the Emir had lately exhibited. But on looking more closely, his limbs, where exposed to view, seemed divested of all that was Bashy or cumbersome; so that nothing being left but bone, brawn, and sinew, it was a frame fitted for exertion and fatigue, far beyond that of a bulky champion, whose strength and size are counterbalanced by weight, and who is exhausted by his own exertions. The countenance of the Saracen naturally bore a general national resemblance to the eastera tribe from whom he descended, and was as unlike as possible to the exaggerated terms in which the minstrels of the day were wont to represent the infidel champions, and the fabulous description which a sister art ill presents upon sign-posts. His features were small, well-formed, and delicate, though deeply embrowned by the eastern sun, and terminated by a flowing and curled black beard, which seemed trimmed with peculiar care. The nose was straight and regular, the eyes keen, deepset, black, and glowing, and his teeth equalled in beauty the ivory of his deserts. The person and proportions of the Saracen, in short, stretched on the turf near to his powerful antagonist, might have been compared to his sheeny and crescent-formed sabre, with its narrow and light, but bright and keen Damascus blade, contrasted with the long and ponderous Gothic war-sword which was fung unbuckled on the same sod. The Emir was in the very over of his age, and might perhaps have been termed eminently beautiful, but for the narrowness of his forehead, and something of too much thinness and sharpness of feature, or at least what seemed such in an European estimate of beauty."

The Naturalist's Diary.

JULY, 1825.

[From Time's Telescope.]

Awake! awake! the flowers unfold,
And tremble bright in the sun,
And the river shines a lake of gold,-
For the young day has begun.
The air is blithe, and the sky is blue,
And the lark, on lightsome wings,
From bushes that sparkle rich with dew,
To heaven her matin sings.
Then awake, awake, while musie's note
Now bids thee sleep to shun;

Light zephyrs of fragrance round thee float,→→

For the young day has begun.

I've wandered o'er yon field of light,

Where daisies wildly spring,

And traced the spot where fays of night
Flew round on elfin wing:

And I've watched the sudden darting beam
Make gold the field of grain,
Until clouds obscured the passing gleam,
And all frowned dark again.
Then awake, awake, each warbling bird
Now hails the dawning sun;

Labour's enlivening song is heard,—
For the young day has begun.

is there to Contemplation given

An hour like this sweet one,

When twilight's starless mantle's riven

By the uprising sun?

When feathered warblers fleet awake,
His breaking beams to see,

And hill and grove, and bush and brake,

Are filled with melody?

Then awake, awake, all seem to chide

Thy sleep, as round they run;

The glories of heaven lie far and wide,→→→ For the young day has begun. These ballad stanzas (says the author) were addressed to a friend who was not an early riser; and we would fain hope that they had the effect of making him one; for, if be "turned a deaf ear" to such a spirit-stirring invitation

as this, and still courted a "a little more sloth-a little
more slumber," we believe that he will ever remain in-
sensible to the beauties of that original picture of which
the poet has produced so exquisite a copy: he will still
consume in sleep those hours which might have been
usefully devoted to study or recreation-to an acquaintance
with the beauties and wonders of Nature; and, above all,
to the offering up of his morning devotions at the shrine
of Nature's God."
The feathered tribe can chaunt their lays,
And hymn their great Creator's praise;
But man, for whom on every thorn

The daylight falls, till close of even,
Ungrateful views each sun-bright morn,

Nor whispers forth a prayer to heaven.
It is not, however, the morning alone which commands
our admiration; noon, at this season, has its beauties and
its attractions. There is no part of a Summer's day in the
country (observes Dr. Drake) more delightful, perhaps,
to the contemplative man, than are its noontide hours,
provided the fervency which usually attends upon them
be sufficiently attempered by the grateful contrast of pro-
tecting shade. Ail nature, indeed, seems at this sultry
season sunk in lassitude and repose, and an universal
stillness reigns around, even deep as that which waits upon
the noon of night. It is then we fly to woods, to waters,
and to caves, whose comparative coolness, whilst it breathes
a delicious balm through every nerve, singularly disposes
the mind, not only to the full enjoyment of the scenery
itself which secludes us from the blaze of day, but to the
indulgence of those trains and associations of thought
which spring from, and luxurate in, the realms of fancy
and meditation.

O Nature! lovely Nature! thou canst give
Delight thyself a thousand ways, and lend
To every object charms! With thee, even books
A higher relish gain. The poet's lay
Grows sweeter in the shade of wavy woods,
Or lulling lapse of crystal stream beside;
Dim umbrage lends to philosophic lore
Severer thought; and Meditation leads
Her pupil Wisdom to the green resort

Of solemn silence, her inspiring school.

All is vigour and activity in the vegetable kingdom in
this month, and the most patient observer of Nature is
almost bewildered by the countless profusion of interesting
objects. The garden affords many gay inmates, as lilies,
convolvuluses, pinks, and carnations; and marigolds, and
poppies of various colours, which are now in blossom.
Speedwell (veronica, is in perfection; and when there are
two varieties of it, the towering alternate spikes of white
and purple form a pretty contrast with the deep yellow of
the lofty great flowering solidago, or golden rod; both
plants being highly ornamental to garden borders. To-
wards the middle of the month, the spiked willow, hyssop,
and the bell-flower (campanula) have their flowers full

blown. The Virginian sumach now exhibits its scarlet
tufts of flowers upon its bright green circles of leaves.
The berries of the mountain ash turn red. Lavender and
jessamine are now in blossom.

ON THE INDIAN JASMINE FLOWER,
How lovely the Jasmine flower
Blooms far from man's observing eyes,
And having lived its little hour,

There withers, there sequestered dies.
Though faded, yet 'tis not forgot:

A rich perfume, that Time can't sever,
Lingers in that unfriended spot,

And decks the Jasmine's grave for ever.
Thus, thus should Man, who seeks to soar
On Learning's wing to Fame's bright sky,
Far from his fellows seek that lore,
Unheeded live, sequestered die.
Thus, like the Jasmine, when he's fled,
Fame's rich perfume will ever keep
Ling'ring around the faded dead,

As saints that watch some infant's sleep.
[To be concluded in our next.]

Natural History.

hardly shut our eyes to the conviction, that in many instances there appear symptoms of something bearing a strong resemblance to ratiocination. Even amongst insects, traces may be found of that free intellectual power which can regulate present action by impressions of past experience, and by a foresight of possible future consequences.

Arachne, who in hall or kitchen spreads

Her disembowelled web, obvious to vagrant flies;— Who can sufficiently appreciate the labours of this sagacious creature, or the dexterity with which she carries on her sanguinary trade?-There is a curious species of wasp that provides and prepares caterpillars for the future voracity of her yet unhatched progeny. The little emmet, who raises such formidable strong-holds, when her citadel is destroyed, rallies the scattered millions of indefatigable industry, bears away, with toilsome valour, the embryo hopes of the republic in the very face of danger, and, with unshaken fortitude, repairs or rebuilds her ruined fortress. All these seem deliberately to employ adequate means for the obtaining a desired and foreseen end. If we pursue this argument through the whole range of animated nature, we shall find incontrovertible evidence of the power of adapting the means to the end, and of changing, with admirable ingenuity, the whole system of operation, in compliance with circumstances of time, place, facility, or obstruction. In nothing is this capability of change more

observable than in the difference between wild animals and those dependant on human protection. Then is the free course of nature most interrupted when man invades her peculiar province, and makes unwilling, sullen captives of her proud denizens. "The human being that is made a slave loses half his worth." Even the very brute suffers degradation by the loss of liberty: of this the hog is a very prominent instance. How different is the wild swine from that disgusting type of intemperance and sensuality which we behold in the same animal when taken into the tutelage and under the inspection of man! In this latter state the sow is often known to overlay her young; nay, sometimes to devour them ;-sad proofs of the horrid effects of gluttony and intoxication even amongst brutes! What dreadful influence has bad example! The cat, in a state of servitude, is also guilty of destroying her kittens; but, with her, these unnatural deviations rarely occur.

However the mere animal kingdom may suffer by man's

encroachments, we are, probably, their debtors in many branches of useful knowledge. The practice of medicine is said to have been enriched with a very useful hint from the ibis, an Egyptian bird. The art of swimming is said to owe its origin to the frog; and, with equal justice, must we not ascribe various discoveries in melody and the enchanting science of singing in parts, to our fur-clad warblers? It is plain, from the borrowed names of many foreign professors, that they adopt or imitate the style of feathered or furred originals; as Cherub-im, Rosignol-i, Passer-ini, Cat-alani, with a long list of elli's and ini's, chearing and illuminating, from time to time, the sombre atmosphere of our cloudy country. May not the superexcellence of the last of these vocalists in particular, be attributed, in a great degree, to the magic of a name which bespeaks an incredible variety of intonation? What midnight enjoyments are there not in store for the happy ears of those amateurs who are so fortunate as to be awake at certain seasons of the year, when the aspiring and inspired tabbies, on their house-top orchestre, agree to devote themselves, tooth and nail, to the service of their proper commonweal and the delight of the surrounding neighbourhood; uniting to exert their utmost skill, with ineffable glee

REMARKABLE INSTANCE OF PERVERTED INSTINCT in the duet, quartet, quintet, et cetera, et cetera! Yet amid

TO THE EDITOR.

these serio-comic serenades and lugubrious experiments in harmony, with occasional furious conflicts of amative warSIR,-When we consider attentively the various combi- fare, no animal (generally speaking) can be more distinnations of action arising from the efforts of what are usu-guished than the domestic cat for philoprogenitiveness® ally termed brute animals, to provide for their own safety and subsistence, and for that of their offspring, we can

• Gall and Spurzheim, Craniology.

This does not apply to him in the character of the hunter in Der Freischutz. His costume there is of a piece with his excellent singing and his appropriate acting.-Edit. Kal.

Fashions for July.

PROMENADE DRESS.-Pelisse of lilac gros de Naples; the collar stiffened, and turned half over; the corsage is made full longitudinally, and confined by a band and a row of lilac silk buttons down the centre of the front and back; the shoulders also have a band, but without buttons. The sleeves are en gigot, neatly finished with bands at the wrist; the ceinture is rather broad, and ornamented behind by two silk frogs of the same colour as the pelisse; a rouleau of the same breadth as the hem, and separated by a space of equal width, surrounds the bottom of the skirt, which is long and full. Cornette of tulle, with a narrow full border. Bonnet of British Leghorn, very fine and light; the brim broad and open, the crown rather low, and trimmed with double white crêpe lisse edged with blue satin, beginning at the bottom of the crown in front, and rising across to the top at the back, where it is formed into a tasteful bow. Brussels lace veil. Strawcolour shoes and gloves; green parasol, lined with pale rose-colour sarcenet.

EVENING DRESS.-Dress of jonquil-colour crèpe lisse over a white satin slip; the corsage made plain, but ornasomented in the front and at the back with six perpendicu lar satin rouleaux, rather approximating at the waist, and terminating beneath a white satin band across the top of the bust; small satin orange-leaves are placed directly

OR,

Literary and Scientific Mirror.

"UTILE DULCI."

This familiar Miscellany, from whichreligiousand politicalmatters are excluded, containsa variety of originalandselected Articles: comprehending Literature, Criticism Men and Manners, Amusement, Elegant Extracts, Poetry, Anecdotes, Biography, Meteorology, the Drama, Arts and Sciences, Wit and Satire, Fashions, Natural History, &c. &c. forming a handsome Annual Volume, with an Index and Title-page.-Its circulationrenders it a most eligible medium for Advertisements.

No. 263. Vol. VI.

Antiquities.

ORIGIN, DESIGN, AND RELIGIOUS USE of the
PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT.

From the Works of Monsieur Dupuis, concerning the original design and religious use of the Pyramids of Egypt.

TRANSLATED FOR THE KALEIDOSCOPE.

It is of importance that we do not lose sight of this consideration, that long ago authors wrote the history of the heavens, and particularly of the sun, as if they were writing the history of men, and that the people almost every where understood it to be a real history, and considered the hero of the story as a man who once had actually existed.

The priests generally did all that lay in their power to persuade the people, that the gods whom they adored had really lived, and had been princes, legislators, or men who had deserved well of their fellow men. It might be that the priests wished to give a lesson to the chiefs among the people, by instructing them, that they could only aspire to the same glory by imitating the actions of these ancient princes; or it might be, that the priests sought to give encouragement to virtue in the people, by persuading them that formerly the sceptre had been the reward of services rendered to the country, and not a patrimony hereditary in certain families. They showed the tombs of the gods, as if those gods had actually existed; they celebrated the different feasts, the intention of which was annually to renew the grief which their loss had at first occasioned.

which imagination could conceive, that of placing a pe. | ating it with feelings of piety and devotion; and the
destal for the sun and for the moon, or for Osiris and Isis,
at mid-day for the one, and at midnight for the other,
when they arrived in that part of the heavens, near which
the line passes, that separates the northern from the
evil, the empire of light from the empire of darkness.
southern hemisphere, the reign of good from the reign of
They wished that all shadow should disappear from all
the faces of the pyramid at mid-day, during all the time
that the sun sojourned in the enlightened hemisphere, and
that the northern face should fall into shade when night
recommenced his reign in our hemisphere, that is to say,
at the moment when Osiris would descend into the tomb,
and into hell.

Literature, Criticism, &c.

Q.

priests inculcated, that by pilgrimages to Jerusalem, and prostration before the sepulchre of Christ, the Divine fayour would be effectually obtained. Afterwards, the pilgrims associated in large masses for better security in travelling; and they often petitioned the Pope to rescue the tomb of Christ from the polluted hands of the infidels, the Turks. Pope Gregory the Seventh, believing that, by encouraging such an attempt, he might aggrandize the church, soon made preparations for carrying it into effect. When the causes, some of which are here mentioned, are taken into view, our surprise at the infatuation which spread throughout Europe must in a great degree cease; it was just what from human nature so situated, and wrapThe tomb of Osiris was covered with shadow during ped in intellectual darkness, might have been expected. nearly six months, after which light invested it entirely at In the first crusade, the infatuated multitude (heavenmid-day, as soon as Osiris, having returned from hell, re-directed as they considered themselves) was divided into sumed his empire, by passing into the hemisphere of light. three armies, if to such an assemblage that epithet can be Then he was restored to Isis, and to the god of spring, applied; the first band perished wretchedly in Bulgaria; Orus, who had at last conquered the Genius of Darkness, the second, which was led by the celebrated Peter the and of Winter. Hermit, following the same course with their predecessors, What a sublimity in the idea! In the centre of the boldly opposed the enemies with whom they had to strugpyramid is a cave, which they say is the tomb of an an-gle; but inexperienced in the art of war, and destitute of cient king. That king is the husband of Isis-the famous the supplies which they required, encountered the most Osiris, that beneficent king, who, the people believed, grievous sufferings: after obtaining some splendid advanreigned long ago over Egypt, but whom the priests and tages, they were scattered in terror, and only a few reached philosophers knew to be that powerful star which governs the neighbourhood of Constantinople. The third divi. the world, and enriches it with his benefits. sion exceeded in numbers, and in savage and abasing enLiverpool. thusiam, all that had gone before. In the fury of their fanatical zeal they sacrificed 700 Jews, whom they detested as enemies of the Saviour, and then hastened forward to display the same zeal against the infidels of the Holy Land. Their numbers and their ferocity spread universal consternation: they ventured to attack a strong city in Hungary, but when the siege was about to be crowned with success, they were unaccountably struck with a panic; they fled, as was to be expected, in the wildest disorder; they were pursued with such slaughter that the Danube ran red with blood, and merely a wretched remnant was able to penetrate to Constantinople. But this The perpendicular height is seventy-seven fathoms (acThere is seldom an age of the world in which there is not only describes the multitude, and not the honourable cording to the measurements given by Chazelles, of the some public imposture going on, the fashion about which knights and principal leaders; the regular forces of the Academy of Sciences.) It results from these dimensions, rages as much for the time as the most frivolous one in Cross, embodied under high-minded chieftains, must not and from the latitude under which this pyramid is raised, dress;-witness the Crusades in Richard's time, the ridi- be confounded with these dregs of European population. that, fourteen days before the spring equinox, (the precise culous attempt of the Inquisition to convert all the world Other expeditions, too tedious and disgusting to enumeepoch in which the Persians celebrated the renewing of to one opinion, the useless study of Alchymy and Astro-rate, were fitted out professedly for delivering Palestine; nature,) it would cease to throw any shadow at mid-day, logy, together with the Elixir Vita and the Philosopher's but they were latterly, in the case of the capture of Conand that it would not project any shadow again (at mid. Stone,-Demonology, or the finding and burning of stantinople, directed to purposes very little connected with day) until fourteen days after the autumnal equinox; witches in James the First's time; when in sermons, religion; and at length, after the failure of nine crusades, consequently, the day on which the sun's southern decli- some of which are still in print, those were publicly de- the sacrifice of two millions of men, and the lapse of two nation was 5 deg. 15 min. (which happened twice a year, nounced from the pulpit as infidels and atheists who did hundred years, the miserable infatuation terminated, -once before the vernal equinox, and once after the aunot believe in witchcraft,-the El Dorado, or golden king- which had exhausted the strength and the treasures of tumnal equinox,) the sun would appear at mid-day pre- dom of Brazil in Elizabeth's time, as fabled by Sir Wal- Christian Europe. This termination was naturally to be cisely upon the very pinnacle of the pyramid. His ma-ter Raleigh, the South Sea Scheme, the attempt of the expected; the only ground of astonishment is, that it was jestic disk, placed upon that immense pedestal, would seem enthusiasts to convert all the world to one religion,—and so long protracted. It might, however, have been still to repose upon it for some minutes, whilst his adorers, the Joint-stock Companies of the present day, one of longer deferred, had not the conduct of the Pontiffs in kneeling down at its foot, prolonging their view along the which Mr. M. A. Taylor said, in the House of Commons, some degree opened the eyes even of their own deluded inclined plane of the northern face of the pyramid, con- showed him a prospectus for working 180 acres of chalk. votaries. They soon discerned the vast advantages which templated the great Osiris, either as he descended into they might derive from the prevailing infatuation. At the shade of the tomb, or as he rose triumphant out of it. first, they granted indulgences only to those who actually It would appear that the Egyptians, ever great in all assumed the Cross, but they at length introduced the prac their designs, had executed a project, the most daring tice of bestowing them upon such as afforded money for

Such was the tomb of Osiris, covered under those enormous masses known by the name of Pyramids, which the Egyptians raised to that star, which dispenses day-light. One of them has its four faces or fronts looking towards the four cardinal points of the world.

Each of these faces has a base of 110 fathoms, and each face forms an equilateral triangle.

ORIGIN, &c. OF THE CRUSADES.

At a time when the author of the Scots novels is reviving the recollection of those fooleries called 'Crusades,' the following entertaining extract on the subject cannot fail to interest our readers.-Edit. Kal.

ORIGIN OF THE CRUSADES.

From the time that Christianity was disseminated through countries remote from Palestine, the converts often dwelt with reverence upon the Holy Land, associ