A Manual of Practical Draining |
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Common terms and phrases
15 inches 9 inches acre afford Agricultural Society ascertained Berwickshire bogs breadth Carse of Gowrie clay clay land common drain common tiles conduit considerable cost covered drains crops cubic Cumledge cutting drains deep drains deeper depth of drains distance ditch drain-tiles drainage drainers draining land duct earth easily East Lothian effects Elkington's executed expense fall farm farmers field filling drains flat stones grass ground Highland and Agricultural horses inches deep inches wide injury labour laid landlord length machine main drain materials mode of draining moss mould octavo open furrows operation outlet peat pipe pipe-tiles placed plough porous practice Prize Essays rain removed retentive ridges rood Royal Agricultural Society sand Scotland shovel side small drains small stones soil springs stagnant water stratum subsoil surface tenant thick thorough-draining tile-draining tile-machines tiles and soles tough turf trench turf wide at bottom yards
Popular passages
Page 62 - A natural agricultural bed of porous soil resembles an artificial filter, and it is unquestionable that the greater the depth of matter composing such filter, the slower is the passage of water through it. In stiff loams and clays, however, but more particularly as regards the latter earth, the resemblance ceases, as these soils can permit free ingress and egress to...
Page 105 - Pasture-grass stools out in every direction, covering the ground with a thick sward, and produces fat and milk of the finest quality. Turnips become large, plump, as if fully grown, juicy, and with a smooth and oily skin. Potatoes push out long and strong stems, with enlarged tubers, having skins easily DRAINAGE IMPORTANT TO HEALTH.
Page 106 - ... from the influence of the sun and currents of air. The rime in these swampy hollows, of which mention has been made, was found, even in the warmest seasons, to be productive of serious inconvenience and injury to the growing crops; and that chiefly at the period when the grain was approaching its mature state.
Page 46 - The drains were 24 feet asunder, and each pipe a foot in length, so that each lineal foot had to receive the water falling on 24 square feet of surface, equal to 60...
Page 46 - ... inch on 4th December 1841.* The conclusion which Mr Parkes would wish to enforce from these facts is this : — " We may, therefore, consider the fact of the sufficiency of inch-bore pipes for agricultural drainage to be fully demonstrated both by experience and experiment...
Page 155 - In the course of ten or fifteen years the stiffest clays will soften, so as to allow the tile to sink ; and many very much sooner. The passage for the water is thus gradually narrowed ; and when the tile has sunk a couple of inches, the whole must be taken up. Thousands of miles of drains have been thus laid down, both in the low country of Scotland and in the southern counties of England, which have now become nearly useless ; and yet the system still goes on.
Page 32 - ... through which it is boring, after the shell is full, makes it more difficult to pull out. For this purpose, the exact length of the auger should be regularly marked on the rods from the bottom upward. Two flat boards, with a hole cut into the side of one of them, and laid alongside of one another over the drain, in time of boring, are very useful for directing the rods in going down perpendicularly, for keeping them steady in boring, and for the men standing on when performing the operation.