moderator or

fettled but all in vain; for they had fo contrived the matter, that none were chofen to have voices in that affembly, but fuch as were fure unto the fide, fuch as had formerly been under the cenfures of the church for their inconformity, and had refused to acknowledge the king's fupremacy, or had declared their difaffections to epifcopal government. And that the bishops might have no encouragement to fit amongst them, they cite them to appear as criminal perfons, libel against them in a fcandalous and unchristian Henderson the manner and finally, make choice of Henprefident of the derfon, a feditious prefbyter, to fit as moderator or chief president in it. And though, upon the fenfe of their difobedience, the affembly was again diffolved by the king's proclamation; yet they continued as before in contempt thereof. In which feffion they condemned the calling of bifhops, the articles of Perth, the liturgy, and the book of canons, as inconfiftent with the fcripture, and the kirk of Scotland. They proceed next to the rejecting of the five controverted points, which they called Arminianifm: and finally, decreed a general fubfcription to be made to these conftitutions. For not conforming

convention of Glafcow.

Heylen's Aerius Redivivus, L. xiii. c. 437

whereunto

whereunto the bishops, and a great part of the
regular clergy, are expelled the country, al-
though they had been animated unto the
refufal, as well by the confcience of their
duty, as by his majesty's proclamation, which
required it of them.

"They could not hope, that the king's
lenity fo abused might not turn to fury, and
therefore thought it was high time to put
themselves into arms, to call back moit of
their old foldiers from the warres in Ger-
many, and almost all their officers from fuch
commands in the Netherlands; whom to
maintain, they intercept the king's revenue,
and the rents of the bishops, and lay great
taxes on the people, taking up arms and
ammunition from the States United, with whom
they went on ticket, and long days of pay-
ment, for want of ready money for their fa-
tisfaction. But all this had not ferved their
turn, if the king could have been perfwaded
to have given them battel, or fuffered any
part of that great army, which he brought
against them to lay wafte their country:
whose tenderness, when they once perceived,
and knew withall how many friends they
had about him, they thought it would be no
hard matter to obtain fuch a pacification, as
might fecure them for the present from an
abfolute

The Scots take

advantage of the king's le

nity, and march

an army into England.

abfolute conqueft, and give them an opportunity to provide better for themselves in the time to come, upon the reputation of being able to divert or break fuch a puiffant army. And fo it proved in the event: for the king had no fooner retired his forces both by fea and land, and given his foldiers a licence to return to their feveral houses, but the Scots prefently protest against all the articles of the pacification, put harder preffures on the king's party, than before they fuffered, keep all their officers in pay; by their meffengers and letters apply themselves to the French king for fupport and fuccours. By whom encouraged under hand, and openly countenanced by fome agents of the Cardinal Richelieu, who then governed all affairs in France, they enter into England with a puiffant army, making their way to that invafion by fome printed pamphlets, which they difperfed into all parts, thereby to colour their rebellions, and bewitch the people.

"And now the English prefbyterians takė the courage to appear more publickly in the defence of the Scots and their proceedings, than they had done hitherto. A parliament had been called on the 13th of April, for granting moneys to maintain the war against

the Scots. But the commons were fo backward in complying with the king's defires, that he found himself under the neceffity of diffolving the parliament, which elfe had blafted his defign, and openly declared in favour of the publick enemies. This puts the discontented rabble into such a fury, that they violently affaulted Lambeth House, but were as valiantly repulfed; and the next day break open all the prifons in Southwark, and release all the prifoners, whom they found committed for their inconformities.

* « Nor was it long before it openly ap

peared, what great power the prefbyterian party had in London, which animated Pennington attended with fome hundreds of inferior note, to tender a petition to the house of commons, against the government of bishops here by law established. It was affirmed, that this petition was fubfcribed by many thousands; and it was probable enough to be fo indeed. But whether it was fo or not, he gave thereby fuch an occafion to the house of commons, that they voted down the canons, which had paffed in the late convocation, condemned the bishops and clergy in great fums of money, which had subscribed

Heylin Aerius Redivivus, c. xiii. p. 438, 439

to

The Scotch re

bels counte

nanced by many

in England.

petition to parfiament against

Pennington's

the bishops.

Impeachment

of the arch

bishop of Can

terbury, and

other bithops

and clergy.

Doctrinal Calvinifm eftablished by the meeting in Westminster.

to the fame, decry the power of all provin cial or national fynods, for making any canons or conftitutions, which could bind the fubject, until they were confirmed by an act of parliament. And having brought this general terror on the bishops and clergy, they impeach the archbishop of high treafon, cause him to be committed to the Black Rod, and from thence to the Tower. Which being done, fome other of the bishops and clergy must be fingled out, informed against by fcandalous articles, and thofe articles printed, without any confideration either true or falfe.

"And though a convocation were at that time fitting, yet to increase the miseries of a falling-church, it is permitted, that a private meeting should be held in the deanry of Westminster, to which fome orthodox and conformable divines were called, as a foil to the reft, which generally were of prefbyterian or puritan principles. By them it was propofed, that many paffages in the liturgy fhould be expunged, and others altered to the worse. That decency and reverence in officiating God's public fervice fhould be brought within the compafs of innovations. That doctrinal Calvinifm fhould be entertained in all parts of the church; and all