vers other Inftances of the Power and Effects of Sound. But to the Story of the Gafcoigne Knight, Mr. Boy, from Scaliger, adds a pleafant Paffage, That one he had difobliged, to be even with hint, caufed at a Feaft, a Big-pipe to be played, when he was hemmed in with the Company; which made the Knight bepifs himself, to the great Diverfion of the Company, as well as Confufion of himself. Boyl's Effay of the Fffect of Lang. Mesion. In the fame Book are other matters that may be noted here. One whofe Arm was cut off, was exceedingly tormented with the dif -charge of the great Guns at Sea, although he was at a great diftance on Land. And a great Ship-Commander obferved his wounded Men, with broken Limbs, fuffered in like manner at the Enemies Difcharges. An ingenious Domeftick of his own would have his Gums bleed at the tearing of Brown paper. And an ingenious Gentleman of Mr. Boyl's Acquaintance conteffed to him, that he was inclined to the Knight of Gascoigne's Diftemper upon hearing the Noife of a Tap running. The Dancing to certain Tunes, of Perfons bit with the Tarantula, he was affured of by an ingenious Acquaintance at Tarentum, who faw feveral, among the reft a Phyfician, affected with that Diftemper. And many other Accounts of this kind, seemingly credible, are related in Morhoff, Kircher, and many others; although Dr. Cornelio queftions the Matters of Fact relating to the cure of the Tarantula-bite, in Phil. Trans. Nr. 83. J Mr. Boy/ alfo faith, a Sober Musician told him, he could make a certain Woman weep, by playing one Tune, which others would be litte affected at. And he faith, that he himself had a kind of fhivering at the repeating two Verfes in Lucan. And I add, that I very well know one to have a fort of Chill about his Precordia and Head, upon reading, or hearing the 53d Chapter of Isaiah; as alfo David's Lamentations for Saul and Jonathan, 1 Sam. 1.

Neither are our own Minds and Bodies only affected with Sounds, but inanimate Bodies are fo alfo. Of which many Stories may be met with in Kircher, particularly a large Stone that would tremble at the Sound of one particular Organ pipe; in Morhoff alfo, who among many other Relations, hath this, Menimi cum ipfi [clarif. Willifo] de experimento Vitri per vocem fracti narrarem, ex eo audiviffe, quod in adibus Muficis fibi vicinis aliquoties collapfum pavimentum fuerit: quod ipfe fonis continuis adfcribere non dubitavit. Morhoff. cap. 12. Mersenne allo among many Relations in his Harmon, and other Books, tells a far more probable Story, of a particular part of a Pavement, that would thake, as if the Earth would open, when the Organs played, than what he relates about Antipathy in his Quaft. Comment. in Genes. viz. That the Sound of a Drum made of Wolf's Skin, will break another made of Sheep's Skin: That Hens will fly at the Sound of an Harp ftrung with Fox-Gut-Strings; and more to the fame purpose. Mr. Boyl alfo in his laft cited Book tells us, Seats will tremble at the Sound of Organs; and that he hath felt his Hat to do fo

too

Words of the laft-cited famous Author (30), "That Mufick fhould not only affect the Fancy "with Delight, but alfo give Relief to the Grief "and Sadnefs of the Heart, yea, appeafe all those "turbulent Paffions, which are excited in the "Breaft by an immoderate Ferment, and Fluctua"tion of the Blood.

And now, who can reflect upon all this curious Apparatus of the Senfe of Hearing, and not give the great Creator his due Praife! Who can furvey all this admirable Work, and not as readily own it to be the Work of an Omnipotent, and infinitely Wife and Good GOD (31), as the most artful Melodies we hear, are the Voice or Performances of a living Creature?

too under his Hand, at certain Notes both of Organs, and in Difcourfe, that he tried an Arch that would answer to C fa-ut, and had done fo 100 Years; and that an experienced Builder told him any well-built Vault will answer fome determinate Note. And at Eaftbury-Houfe near Barking, I my felf discovered the Porch, (having firm Brick-Walls,) not only to Sound when ftruck on the Bottom, but also to give almost as loud a Sound, when I founded the fame Note with my Voice.

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(30) Willis, ubi fupra. (31) Ille Deus eft. -qui non calamo tantum cantare,& grefte, atque inconditum carmen ad aliquam tantùm oble&tationem modulari docuit, fed tot artes, tot vocum varietates, tot fonos, alios Spiritu noftro, alios externo cantu edituros commentus eft." Senec, de Benef. 1. 4. cap. 6.

CHAP.

CHAP. IV.

Of the Senfe of Smelling.

1

HIS Senfe I fhall dispatch in lefs compass than the two laft, because its Apparatus (although fufficiently grand and admirable, yet) is not fo multiplicious as of the Eye and Ear; it being fufficient in this Senfe, that the odoriferous Effluvia of Bodies (1) can have an eafie, free Paffage to the Olfactory Nerves, without the formalities of Refractions, and other Preparations neceffary to the Perfection of the two former Senfes. Accor dingly the All-wife Creator hath made fufficient Provifion for the reception of Sinells, by the Apertures of the Noftrils (2); made not of Flesh or Bone, but Cartilaginous, the better to be kept open, and withal to be dilated or contracted, as there is occafion: For which Service it hath feveral proper and curious Mufcles ().

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(1) A piece of Ambergreafe fufpended in a pair of Scales, that would turn with a very small part of a Grain, loft nothing of its Weight in 3 Days; neither did Affa fatida in s Days; but an ounce of Nutmegs lofts Grains in 6 Days, and Cloves 7 Grains. Boy's Subtil, of Efflux, c. 5..

(2) Nares, eo quod omnis Odor ad fuperiora fertur, recte fursùm funt: Et quod Cibi & Potionis judicium magnum earum eft, non fine caufa vicinitatem Oris fecuta funt. Cicero de Nat. Deor. L. 2. c. 56.

(I) Had not the Contriver of Animal Bodies been minded that his Work fhould have all the Signatures of Accuracy, this Sense might have been performed with a bare Aperture of the Nofe; but that nothing might go imperfect out of his Hand, he hath made a part of the Nofe eafily moveable, and given a Set of Mufcles to lift up, and open and fhut the Noftrils; and fo adjust it to every Occasion of this Sense.

And

And forafmuch as it is by Breathing (3), that the odorant Particles are drawn in, and conveyed to the Sensory, therefore there is a very wife Provifion made in the Lamina, with which the upper part of the Nofe is barricaded, which ferve to two excellent Ufes: partly, to fence out any noxious Subftances from entering the breathing Paffages in our Sleep, or when we cannot be aware (4); and partly, to receive the Divarications of the Olfactory Nerves, which are here thick spread, and which de by thefe means meet the Smells entring with the Breath, and ftriking upon them.

And accordingly the more accurate this Senfe is in any Animal, the longer we may obferve thofe Lamine are, and more of them in number folded up, and crouded together, to contain the more nervous Filaments, and to detain, and fetter the odoriferous Particles in their Windings and Turnings

11

And an admirable Provision this is, which the great Creator hath made for the good of Brute Creatures (5); the chief Acts of many of whofe Lives, are performed by the Miniftry of this Senfe.

In

(3) Odorem non aliud, quam infectum Aera, intelligi poffe. Plin. Nat. Hift. L. 9. c. 7.

(4) For a further Guard against the Ingrefs of noxious Things, the Vibriffi, or Hairs placed at the entrance of the Noftrils ferve," which, in fome measure, ftop the entrance of Things improper, or however give warning of them, but at the same time allow an eafie Paffage to the Breath and Odours.

(5) Mulio praclarius emicat [Olfactus] in brutis animalibus, quam in homine ifta namque hoc folo indice, herbarum, aliorumque corporum priùs ignotorum virtutes certiffimè dignofcunt, quin & victum fuum abfentem, vel in abftrufo pofitum, Odoratu venantur, ac facillimè inveftigant. Quod autem minùs fagaces funt hominum nares, illud non facultatis hujus abusui (prout nonnulli volunt) afcribi debet, verùm in causâ eft ipfius Organi defectus; enim circa victûs humani criteria (ubi ratio, & intellectus adfunt)

non

In Infects, and many other Creatures, it is of great Ufe in the Propagation of their Kind; as particularly in helping them to fafe and convenient Places for the Incubation of their Eggs, and breeding up their Young. Others are by the accuracy of this Senfe, of ufe to Mankind, which would be other wife of little or no Ufe (6). And most of the irrational Animals, Birds, Beafts, and creeping Things, do, by their Smell, find out their Food, fome at great Distances, and fome at Hand. With what Sagacity do fome difcover their Food in the midft of Mud and Dirt (7)? With what Curiofity do the herbaceous Kind pick and chufe fuch Plants as afford them wholfome Food, or fometimes fuch as are Medicinal (8), and refufe fuch as would hurt and deftroy them? And all by the help principally, if not only, of the Smell, ailifted by its near Ally the Tafte. Of which I fhall in the next place fpeak very briefly.

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non ita accuratum requiritur: Propterea enim inferiores potentiæ in homine, à naturâ minus perfecta exiftunt, ut fuperiorem cultui, & exercitio, relinqueretur locus. Willis de Anim. Brut. cap. 13.

(6) Thus the chief Ufe of Hounds is to Hunt; and other Dogs, to be a Watch and Guard to our Houfes by Night. For which Services (particularly in Hounds) their Olfactory Nerves are not only remarkably large, (like as they are in other Brutes,), but their Branches, and Filaments are, in the Lamina of the Noftrils, both more, and larger than I have feen in any other Creature whatfoever. Alfo there are more Convulfions of the Lamine, than I ever remember to have found in any other Animal.

The Sagacity of Hounds is prodigious, of which fee an Instance in Book IV. Chap. 11. Note 56.

(7) See Book VII. Cap. 2. Note 5.

(8.) Vid. Plin. Hift. itat. L. 8. cap. 27. Que animalia quas herbas oftenderunt.