Archaeologists, Tourists, Interpreters: Exploring Egypt and the Near East in the Late 19th–Early 20th Centuries

Front Cover
Bloomsbury Publishing, Sep 24, 2015 - History - 176 pages
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, growing numbers of tourists and scholars from Europe and America, fascinated by new discoveries, visited the Near East and Egypt – attracted by the riches and mysteries of the Land of the Bible. Almost all such visitors, no matter how esoteric or academic their pursuits, had to deal with the local authorities and the native workforce for their archaeological excavations. The vast majority of these visitors had to rely on interpreters, dragomans, translators and local guides.

This study, based on published and unpublished travel memoirs, guidebooks, personal papers and archaeological reports of the British and American archaeologists, deals with the socio-political status and multi-faceted role of interpreters at the time. Those bi- or multi-lingual individuals frequently took on (or were forced to take on) much more than just interpreting. They often played the role of go-betweens, servants, bodyguards, pimps, diplomats, spies, messengers, managers and overseers, and had to mediate, scheme and often improvise, whether in an official or unofficial capacity.

For the most part denied due credit and recognition, these interpreters are finally here given a new voice. An engrossing story emerges of how through their many and varied actions and roles, they had a crucial part to play in the introduction to Britain and America of these mysterious past cultures and civilizations.
 

Contents

Interpreting the Orient
1
2 Mediating Language and Culture
11
3 Archaeologists in the Field
45
4 Americans in the Land of the Bible
73
the Afterlife of an Interpreter
91
A Dragoman and his Clients
105
7 Conclusion
129
References
135
Index
145
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About the author (2015)

Rachel Mairs is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Reading, UK.

Maya Muratov
is Assistant Professor of Art History at Adelphi University, USA.

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