.13 : 25 .Num תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר .18:12 preposition, e. g. And occasionally by a prefixed because, Gen. 39:9, 23.; according as, Gen. 79, 16. 12: 4. Ex. 39: 43. Judg. 1:7., because, Judg. 6:27. 1 Sam. 28: 18. 2 Kings 17: 26. Omission of the Relative. § 907. As the relative is used merely to connect a part or the whole of one sentence or clause of a sentence with another, it may be omitted whenever a writer, wishing to employ an emphatic brevity of expression, does not consider it necessary to note the division of the two sentences or clauses, but exhibits them as a single one. Accordingly we find that most omissions of this sort occur in poetry and in poetical expressions. § 908. 1. The relative is sometimes omitted when it would refer to a noun of the primary clause, and form the subject of the secondary one, e. g. (am) the man (who) has seen affliction, Lam. 3:1. Is. 54: 1. 61: 10., y son and he forsook the God (who) made him, Deut. 32: 15. Is. 40: 20., thou shalt remember (it) as waters (that) pass away, Job 11: 16., ONS VINE in a land (that) is not theirs, Gen. 15 : 13. Deut. 32 : 17. Is. 30 : 5, 6. 55:5. 2. a. The omission also takes place, as is often the case in English, when the relative would form the object of the secondary clause, e. g. they are spread out as lign-aloe trees (which) the Lord has planted, Num. 24: 6., pa in thou shalt call a nation (that) thou knowest not, Is. 55: 5. Ps. 18: 14., 78 .... • the stone (which) the builders refused מָאֲסוּ הַבּוֹנִים הָיְתָה לְרֹאשׁ פִּנָּה has become the head of the corner, Ps. 118: 22., by na the heathen have sunk into the pit (that) they have made, Ps. 9: 16. 25:12. Prov. 9:5. b. In this case, although the relative is omitted, a pronominal suffix of the proper gender and number is sometimes added to the verb of the secondary clause or to a preposition, to point out the kind of objective relation intended (see § 897. 1.),* e. g. t as a garment the moth devours it, i. e. which the moth devours, Job 13: 28. Is. 51: 8., so • The same construction is frequently employed with an indefinite antecedent شَيْ اغتصبته in Arabic, e. g. any thing I have taken it by force, i. e. which הַדֶּרֶךְ יַלְכוּ בָהּ ; .17 : 32 .gods thom they knee not, Deut אֱלֹהִים לֹא יְדָעוּם the way they walked in it, i. e. in which they walked, Ex. 18:20. Deut. 32:37. Ps. 12: 6., soy ng DIN a man to whom the Lord imputes not iniquity, Ps. 32: 2. 72:12. § 909. The relative is also occasionally omitted when, being employed as a double relative, it would constitute the object of the primary as well as the subject or object of the secondary clause (§ 896. 1.), e. g. the grave (devours those who) have sinned, Job 24: 19., after (those things which) do not profit, Jer. 2:8.; not execrated? Num. 23:8. In this case also a suffix may be employed holo shall I execrate (him whom) the Lord has מָה אֶזְעֹם לֹא זָעַם יְהוָה מָה אֲקֹב לֹא קַבּה אֶל .to indicate the object of the secondary clause, e. g how shall I curse (him) whom God has not cursed? lit. how shall I curse God has not cursed him? Num. 23:8. § 910. The omission of the relative takes place also when it would refer to a noun understood in possessive relation with one in the primary clause (§ 899). Although the specifying noun does not appear, the specified one, being closely united to the following clause, undergoes the same changes as if connected with a noun in the construct (see § 810), e. g. 48:36., the residue of (what) he had gotten, Jer. the tongue of (one whom) I did not understand, by the hand of (him whom) thou wilt send, Ex. 4:13. Lam. 1:14. Ps. 141: 9., the blessings of (him whom) thou choosest, i. e. blessed is he whom, &c. Ps. 65: 5. Prov. Ps. 81: 6., 8:32. § 911. The relative is occasionally omitted when it would refer to the place where (§ 902. 1. a.), e. g. spit (where) they refine (it), Job 28: 1., 7 ip a place for gold a city (where) David dwell, Is. 29: 1. ; or to the time when (§ 904. 1.), e. g.) the time (when) their corn and their wine were plentiful, Ps. 4 : 8., DEN on the day (when) the Lord spoke to you, Deut. 4:15. Ps. 18: 1. § 912. 1. The omission is also found to take place in cases where the relative with a preposition might be expected; thus N in which, then were they in great fear שָׁם פָּחֲדוּ־פַחַד לֹא־הָיָה פַחַד .there, e. g يَأْتِيَنَا بِقُرْبَانٍ تَأْكُلُهُ النَّارُ. I have taken, &c. Loc. fab. 21., j'it 54 1st A until one comes to us with a sacrifice the fire consumes it, i. e. which the fire consumes, Kor. 3: 179. (where) there was no fear, Ps. 53 : 6.: from which, whence, e. g. look to the rock (from הַבִּיטוּ אֶל־צוּר חָצַבְתֶּם וְאֶל־מַקְבֶת בּוֹר נְקַרְתֶּם who eat up my אֹכְלֵי עַמִּי אָכְלוּ לֶחֶם .as, e. g כַּאֲשֶׁר ; .1 : 51 .digged, Is which) ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit (from which) ye are people (as) they eat bread, Ps. 14: 4. 53: 5. 2. Sometimes the relative only is omitted, and the preposition ex p UNIQ NÜ NÜ I by (those who) do not ask for, be found by (those who) do not seek me? ark of the Lord to (where) I have made preparation for it, 1 Chron. 15:12. 2 Chron. 1: 4. :IT § 913. Lastly, the relative is sometimes omitted, as is frequently the case in English, where it would be employed as a conjunctive particle to unite two clauses of a sentence (§ 906. 1.), e. g. o N DIÙ DI let the nations know (that) they are men, Ps. 9: 21., JAN 18 103 772b Dawn Gashmu says (that) thou and the Jews (are) thinking to rebel, Neh. 6: 6. CHAPTER X. INTERROGATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. § 914. THE interrogative in its use bears a strong affinity to the relative pronoun, it being employed to ask as the latter is to declare something respecting the person or thing to which it refers. There is however this difference between the two, that while the relative is employed in making a further statement concerning an object previously mentioned, the interrogative can refer only to one which has yet to be designated. The interrogative also shares the peculiarities of the relative in not varying its form to indicate gender, number, or case; but differs from it by showing whether the object referred to is a person or thing, a distinction which in this case it seems more necessary to make, as the name of such person or thing has not been mentioned, while with the relative it usually has. The interrogative referring to persons is" who? Gr. zís; Lat. quis? that referring to things is what? Gr. zí; Lat. quid?* § 915. These interrogatives, followed by the name of the person or thing to which they refer, may be used either predicatively or attributively, i. e. they may constitute the predicate of a sentence, as who is that man? or may be joined to the following noun as a qualificative, forming with it an extended subject or object (§ 703), as what man struck me? what house do you see? 1. a. In the following instances the rational interrogative who? followed by the name of the person to whom it refers, forms the predicate of an interrogative sentence, e. g. man? lit. that man is who? Gen. 24:65., (is) Abimelech, and who (is) Shechem ? ́Judg. 9: 28., who (is) my adversary? Is. 50: 8., Ps. 125. 18:32. who (is) that who a bya-na who (is) Lord over us? b. a. The same is the case with the irrational what? followed by the name of the thing to which it refers, e. g. 2 UDỪA JA what (was) the manner of the man? i. e. what kind of man was he? 2 Kings 1:7., what (are) these stones? i. e. what do they signify? Josh. 4: 21. 1 Sam. 4:14. 15:14. Occasionally the what מַה־יִהְיֶה עֵץ הַגָּפֶן .substantive verb is employed as a copula, e. g is the vine? Ezek. 15: 2. B. The interrogative is sometimes employed as a predicate with reference to persons, e. g. what (is) the Almighty? Job 21: 15., Ps. 8:5. Job what (is) thy mother? Ezek. 19: 2. what (is) man? Eccl. 2:12., also 7:17. 15: 14., • To these closely correspond the Arabic (= "22) and Lo .(מָה =) †The rational" is also occasionally used in asking this question, thus equivalent to who art thou? Judg. 13:17. In the following instance" is em ployed with reference to nouns understood which include the idea of intelligent and what the high places of Judah? Mic. 1:5., the interrogative referring in ,what (is) the transgression of Jacob מִי פֶשַׁע יַעֲקֹב.... וּמִי בָמוֹת יְהוּדָה: beings . יְרוּשָׁלַיִם and שֹׁמְרוֹן effect to VOL. II. 18 2. a. In the following instances may be considered as a qualificative belonging to the noun before which it is placed, e. g. what God (is there) in heaven? Deut. 3: 24., what nation (is so) great? 4:7, 8. Ps. 77: 14. that מַה־דְּמוּת תַּעַרְכוּ־לוֹ .e. g , מָה b. The same is the case with likeness will ye compare to him? i. e. what will ye liken to him? Is. 40: 18.; and also when the noun to which it belongs does not imme. what iniquity have your מַה־מָצְאוּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם בִּי עָוֶל .diately follow, e. g what honour has מַה־נַּעֲשָׂה יְקָר לְמָרְדְּכַי,.5 :22 .fathers found in me? Jer been done to Mordecai? Esth. 6: 3. § 916. The interrogatives and are also used as predicates when preceding not a noun but a personal or demonstrative pronoun. (is) he? Num. 16:11., what (are) they? Gen. 21: 29. Is. 41: 21., what (are) we? Ex. 16: 7, 8. (here the personal pronoun is placed emphatically before the interrogative). 2. With a following demonstrative pronoun, e. g. this? Is. 63: 1. Jer. 50: 44. Ps. 24: 8. Lam. 3:37., this? Cant. 3: 6. 6:10. 8:5., Is. 60:8.; who (is) who (is) who (are) these? Gen. 33 : 5. what (is) this? 1 Sam. 10:11. Esth. 4: 5., what (are) these? Zech. 2:2. § 917. The interrogatives are likewise often followed by a noun or pronoun not denoting that to which they immediately refer, but bearing to them an indirect relation which is pointed out by a prefixed prepo. sition. Thus, 1. With a following noun and preposition, e. g. in the court? Esth. 6:4., on the Lord's side? Ex. 32: 26.; who (is) who (is) the Lord's? i. e. who is מֶה לִידִידִי what have the people? i. e. what has my beloved (scil. what (is there) for doing? i. e. what is to be done? 2 Kings 4 : 13, 14. hast thou here? Is. 22: 16., my side? 2 Kings 9:32., whom who (is) with me? who is on who (is) like me? Jer. 50: 44.; what hast thou here? Is. 22:16., what (belongs) to thee? i. e. what business is it of thine? Ps. 50: 16., what wilt thou? Judg. 1:14. |