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§ 1035. 1. The participle, as we have also observed (§ 1031), is impersonal in itself, and consequently may be employed with pronouns either of the first, second, or third person, which are usually placed before it in their separable form: thus first person, e. g.

Gen. 31: 5.,
1:28. 12:8. Judg. 18: 5.; second person, e. g.

2 Sam. 18:27. 1 Kings 2: 2.,

Is. 7:16.,

Deut.
Deut. 18:9.

Deut. 11:8. 2 Chron. 29:8.; third person, e. g. in 2 Sam. 15: 30., Gen. 47: 14. 2 Kings 7: 40, 41.

2. Or the pronoun takes the form of a suffix, added either to the particle, e. g. Gen. 6: 17., Gen. 20: 3. Deut.

31:16., D55 Day Jer. 16 :12., Ta in Nam. 23 : 17., EN ĐẠI 1 Kings 1:25.; to the substantive verb, e. g. Gen.

tive 7, e. g. Ex. 5:10. Is. 1:15.,

-Deut. 29:14. ; or to its nega יֶשְׁנוֹ עֹמֵד .24:49 יִשְׁכֶם עֹשִׂים,.24:42

אֵינָם יֹדְעִים .12 : 13214 :21 .Deut אֵינְכֶם מַאֲמִיכֶם,.19:8 .Sam 2 .5 : 12,423

Eccl. 4:17. 9:5, 16.

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Gen. 20:7.

§ 1036. From the preceding exposition of the various uses of the Hebrew participle, it will be perceived that it frequently coincides in force with one or other of the finite forms of the verb. This affords to writers an excellent opportunity of varying their style, by the alternate employment of these several forms; and accordingly we find sentences,

1. Commencing with a preterite or future, and continuing with a participle, e. g. Top 77..

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the wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and a little child shall lead them, Is. 11: 6., 7

a false witness (that) speaks lies, and עֵד שֶׁקֶר וּמְשַׁלֵּחַ מְדָנִים בֵּין אַחִים

one that spreads discord among brethren, Prov. 6: 19. 16: 28.

2. a. Commencing with a participle, and continuing with a preterite,

guide of her youth, and forgets the covenant of her God, Prov. 2: 17.

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upon princes, and loosens the girdle of the mighty, Job 12:21.

b. Commencing with a participle, and continuing with a future,

he raises the poor out of the מֵקִים מֵעָפָר דָּל מֵאַשְׁפֹּת יָרִים אֶבְיוֹן .e. g

dust, he lifts the needy from the dunghill, 1 Sam. 2 : 8., optp aynan apy be that abhor judgment, and pervert all equity, Mic.

he rules by his power משֶׁל בִּגְבוּרָתוֹ עוֹלָם עֵינָיו בַּגּוֹיִם תִּצְפֶינָה .3:19

for ever; his eyes behold the nations, Ps. 66: 7., its amon

ibe who rejoice to do evil, (who) delight in the perverse

הָאֹמֵר לַחֶרֶס.... וּבְעַד כֹּכָבִים יַחְתּם,.2:14 .ness of the wicked, Prov

who commands the sun, and seals up the stars, Job 9:7. 12:17, 19, 20. c. Commencing with a participle, and continuing with a relative past or future (§§ 974. 1., 984. 1.), e. g. by

down to the grave, and brings up, 1 Sam. 2: 6.,

he brings
ing bip

the Lord shatters the cedars of Lebanon, Ps. 29:5. Prov. 12: 13.,

,the voice of the Lord breaks the cedars וַיְשַׁבֵּר יְהוָה אֶת־אַרְזֵי הַלְבָנוֹן

-he discovers deep things out of dark עַמְקוֹת מִכִּי־חֹשֶׁךְ וַיֹּצֵא לָאוֹר צַלְמָוֶת

behold I (am) about הִנְנִי־שָׁךְ אֶת־הַרְכֵּךְ בַּסִירִים וְגָדַרְתִּי אֶת־גְּדֵרָה וגו'

ness, and brings forth to light the shadow of death, Job 12: 22, 23,

24.;

to hedge up thy way with thorns, and will make a wall, &c. Hos. 2: 8.

CHAPTER XIV.

VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS.

§1037. We have seen that in Hebrew as in other languages the object of a verb may be considered as in direct or indirect relation to such verb, and only in the latter case receives a preposition to point out the precise nature of the relation intended to be conveyed (§ 842). But it also frequently happens, that relations which in other languages would be regarded as indirect are viewed by the Hebrew writer as direct, and vice versâ; so that a verb is often construed without a preposition which in an Indo-European language would receive one, while on the other hand many take a preposition in cases where it would be considered in an occidental language as unnecessary. The prepositions are thus extensively employed in Hebrew to express different modifications of the verbal meaning, that is, to fill the same office which is performed in the Indo-European languages by prepositions

either singly or in composition. We will here exhibit in a classified arrangement the principal Hebrew verbs which are construed with a variety of prepositions, and at the same time point out the influence exerted by these prepositions on the meaning of the verbs themselves. I. The first class will comprise verbs denoting an action of the body, either,

1. Motion or rest in a place, as Ty to stand, (Hithp.) to set one's self, stand, to rise, stand, to sit, dwell.

to stand, stay:

with to stand to, persist in, 2 Kings 23:3. Is. 47: 12. Eccl. 8:3.; to stay, remain in, Jer. 23: 22. Ezek. 13: 5.

to stand by, assist, Ps. 109: 31., to stay for, 1 Kings 20: 38., to stand as, Is. 11: 10.

to stand by, near, Gen. 41: 1. 2 Sam. 20: 11. 2 Kings 23:3., to be employed about, Ezra 10:15.; to withstand, oppose, attack, Judg. 6:31. 2 Sam. 1:9, 10. Dan. 8:25. to desist from, Gen. 29: 35.

to stand before, attend upon, as a servant, Gen. 41 : 46. 1 Sam. 16:21. 1 Kings 1: 2. 17: 1.; to withstand, resist, 2 Kings 10: 4. Nah. 1: 6. Ps. 76: 8. Prov. 27 : 4., and thus too Josh. 21:44. 23 : 9. Esth. 9:2.

to stand behind, Ex. 14: 19.

to set, stand:

Hithp. with to stand by, assist, Ps. 94 : 16.

by to stand by, present one's self to, Job 1:6. 2:1. 2 Chron.

11:13.

to stand with, near, Ex. 34: 5. Num. 11: 16.

to stand before, present one's self to, 1 Sam. 10: 19.; to withstand, resist, Deut. 9: 2. Josh. 1:5. Prov. 22: 29., oftener in this sense with Deut. 7 : 24. 11 : 25.

p to stand up, rise:

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to rise up against, oppose, as a witness, Deut. 19: 16. Ps. 27 12. Job 16: 8.

to stand up for, assist, Jer. 49:14. Ps. 94: 16.; to remain to one, Lev. 25: 30. 27: 19.

to rise against, attack, Gen. 4:8. 1 Sam. 22:13. 24:8. lo stand up at or in a place, Neh. 9: 3.; to rise against, attack, Deut. 19:11. Judg. 9:18. Is. 14:22. Ps. 3:2.; to stand by, adhere to, Is. 32 : 8.

to withstand, resist, Josh. 7: 12, 13.

to sit, dwell:

with

?

to sit in, 2 Sam. 7: 1. Ps. 1: 1.; to dwell in, inhabit, Gen. 45: 10. Deut. 17: 14. 19: 1. 26: 1.

to sit at or by, Prov. 9: 14., to abide by, remain with, Judg. 16:9.; to wait for, Ex. 24: 14. Hos. 3:3., to lurk or lie in wait for (alicui insidiari). Jer. 3: 2.

to sit down on or by, Ex. 2:15. 1 Kings 2: 19., to sit at, preside over, Judg. 5: 10.; to dwell on or in, Lev. 25:18.

to abide, dwell with, 1 Sam. 27: 3. Ps. 26 : 4, 5. 2. a. Progressive motion through a place, as to walk, to pass

over.

to walk, to go, proceed in any manner or direction :

with

to go into, to enter, 1 Kings 19: 4. Jer. 48: 11.; to go with, to take, Ex. 10: 9., to bring, Hos. 5:6.; 7 to go in a direction, on a journey, 1 Kings 18: 6. Prov. 7:19., to walk in the way of, i. e. to live according to the precepts of, Deut. 19: 9. 2 Kings 21: 22. Ezek.

18:17.

to go to, Deut. 16: 7. 19: 9. 1 Chron. 4 : 42., 1 to go on one's way, Gen. 32: 2., to go in one's footsteps, to follow, 1 Sam. 25: 42.

to go to, Gen. 26: 26. 2 Sam. 12: 23. Jer. 50: 6. ; to proceed against, oppose, Job 34: 23.

to go to or towards, 2 Sam. 15 : 20.,

by to walk by

or in a way, Judg. 5: 10. 18: 5. 1 Sam. 9: 6.

to go with, accompany, Gen. 18: 16. 1 Sam. 30: 22. 2 Sam. 19:26. Job 31: 5.

id. Gen. 14:24. 1 Sam. 23:23. 2 Sam. 15:19. 16:17.; Hithp. to walk with, associate with, Gen. 5: 24.

to go after, follow, 1 Sam. 17: 13. Ruth 2: 9., to pursue, Jer. 482., to be a follower of, to worship, Deut. 4: 3. 8:19. 1 Kings 14: 8. Jer. 11: 10.

to pass on, by, to pass over :

with 2
to pass through, Gen. 12:6. Is. 8:21. Zech. 10:11.,
to pass over, cross, Josh. 3:11. 2 Sam. 15:23.; 23
to enter into a covenant, Deut. 29:11.

to go over for one, Deut. 30: 14.; to pass current with
one, Gen. 23 : 16.

to pass over into, Num. 32: 7. 1 Sam. 14: 1, 6.

by

to pass by one, 1 Kings 9:8. 2 Kings 4:9., so too

Ex. 34:6., to pass by, overlook, Mic. 7:18.; to pass over, overwhelm, Ps. 42:8. 124: 4, 5.; to pass along, upon, 2 Kings 6: 26, 30.

to pass from, to leave, desert, 1 Kings 22:24. Is. 40:27. Ruth 2:8., to transgress, Deut. 26: 13.

to proceed after, follow, 2 Sam. 20:13.

to pass before one, Gen. 33: 3. 2 Kings 4:31.

to pass on with one, 2 Sam. 15: 33. 19:34.

b. From a place, as to leave, to flee, to break out, escape,

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23: 5. may perhaps be thus rendered: if thou wouldst refuse to leave (the place where thou art) for him, thou must by all means leave (it to be) with him, i. e. to assist him; or else, considering as a relative future employed imperatively, refrain from leaving (it) to him, but quit (thy place) at once (to be) with him.

to flee, to escape :

with to flee to a place, 2 Sam. 19: 9. Jer. 50: 16.

:

id. Num. 35: 32. Deut. 19: 11. 1 Kings 2: 28, 29. Is.

13:14.;

to flee to one, Is.
30: 16., but

Judg. 4: 15, 17.

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to flee for one's life, 2 Kings 7:7.

10: 3.; by to flee on horseback, Is.

to flee with one's feet, i. e. on foot,

to flee from, on account of, Is. 24:18. Ps. 104: 7.

to flee before, to run away from, Deut 28:25. Josh. 7:4. 8: 5, 6., so too 2 Sam. 23: 11. Is. 31 : 8.

to break through, escape, flee:

with to flee to a place, Neh. 13:10.

id. Gen. 27:43. Num. 24: 11. Amos 7:12.

to flee from a place, 1 Sam. 20: 1., or person, Is. 48:20.,
so too in the latter sense Gen. 35:7., and
Jon. 1:3., also from the power of, Job 27: 22., N
from (being) with, from the presence of, 1 Kings 11: 23.
to flee after one, 1 Sam. 22: 20.

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