Congenital Diseases and the EnvironmentP. Nicolopoulou-Stamati, L. Hens, C.V. Howard In recent years, increasing attention and resources have been brought to bear on the relationship between the environment and congenital diseases. These diseases were previously thought to be mostly due to genetic causes. Even though the importance of genes as factors in causation is accepted, environmental factors seem to be implicated just as strongly. This book explores some further concepts that have arisen from more recent perceptions of environmental effects and their possible interactions with living systems. Amongst the topics discussed are: -effects of prenatal exposure to toxic chemicals -intra-uterine exposure to drugs -effects of endocrine disrupters -environmental risk and sex ratio in newborns -surveillance of environmental impact -research and policy Discussion and presentation of old and novel ideas is targeted at developing a more holistic and united perception of the interaction between congenital diseases and the environment. |
Contents
LIST OF TABLES xxxiii LIST OF BOXES xxxvii | 1 |
Chemicals and exposure conditions associated with congenital anomalies | 7 |
Policy aspects | 12 |
ENDPOINTS FOR PRENATAL EXPOSURES IN TOXICOLOGICAL | 21 |
Recommendations for further research in developmental toxicology | 31 |
CONGENITAL DEFECTS OR ADVERSE DEVELOPMENTAL | 37 |
Summary of some effects found in both humans and wildlife | 67 |
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS | 88 |
References | 241 |
Semen quality and testicular cancer | 246 |
Effects of environmental antiandrogens on the reproductive development | 260 |
Conclusions | 273 |
Toxic effect of antiandrogenic compounds on male reproductive health | 286 |
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND SEX RATIO IN NEWBORNS | 295 |
Dose response in teratology | 302 |
Chernobyl 309 6 1 Radioactive clouds and whole body radioactivity | 309 |
Study designs | 97 |
Problems in environmental epidemiology when studying its effects | 113 |
Conclusions | 121 |
SURVEILLANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | 131 |
EUROCAT surveillance of environmental impact | 137 |
CLINICAL TERATOLOGY | 147 |
Conclusions 157 References 15 | 159 |
J G KOPPE M LEIJS G TENTUSSCHER AND P D BOER | 166 |
Conclusion | 178 |
Congenital disorders | 185 |
Does European pesticide policy protect our health? | 196 |
References | 203 |
ASSOCIATION OF INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE TO DRUGS | 207 |
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTER EXPOSURE AND MALE CONGENITAL | 225 |
FUNCTIONAL | 321 |
Discussion | 334 |
Introduction | 340 |
Discussion | 350 |
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN THE BRITISH ISLES | 359 |
Variations in the prevalence of congenital anomalies in the British Isles | 368 |
Use of data from congenital anomaly registers in environment and health | 371 |
EUROPEAN UNIONFUNDED RESEARCHON ENDOCRINE | 378 |
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON CONGENITAL ANOMALIES | 409 |
Introduction | 410 |
Mechanisms causing congenital anomalies | 429 |
References | 443 |
| 457 | |
Other editions - View all
Congenital Diseases and the Environment P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati,L. Hens,C.V. Howard No preview available - 2007 |
Congenital Diseases and the Environment P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati,L. Hens,C.V. Howard No preview available - 2010 |