Architectural Design of Concrete Bridges: Concrete for Permanence

abutments accentuate appearance applied approaches arch Architect architectural design attention avoided base beauty become bottom Bridge Design Bridge Engineer built carry columns concrete consideration considered conspicuous construction create curve deck girder bridge defined definition design in Fig design of bridges desirable discussed effect elements emphasized example expresses face feet Figure Fitness focus of interest function fundamental give given height highway horizontal illustrated illustrated in Fig imparts impression increased inflection lack layout length less limit look mass material ment ornament parapet parapet design pier pilasters placed pleasing posts presented principles proper published reference result rigid frame bridge Road roadway rules scale segmental separate serve shape shown Single-span sketches soffit solid spans straight line stream strength structure surface texture tion Truth unity vertical viewed visual water table whole wing walls