THEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

GERMANY.

The Theologische Studien und Kritiken (edited by Ullmann & Rothe) Heft II, 1861, contains a dissertation by Bleek, in explanation of Isaiah lii: 13-liii: 12; one by Richter on the nature and law of Infant Baptism; by Steiz another discussion of the use of Excivos in the classics and the Gospel of John; by Gurlitt, slight contributions to the explanation of the Gospel of Matthew; Umbreit reviews Pressel's Life and Writings of Ambrose Blaurer, and Holtzmann, Maier's Commentary on the First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians.

The Theologische Quartalschrift, Heft I, 1861, has an article by Hefele, the editor of the Works of the Apostolic Fathers, on Gregory VII and Henry IV at Canossa; by Aberle on the Object of the Gospel of John; by Nolte on the Ecloga Prophetic of Eusebius of Cæsarea.

The Zeitschrift für die gesammte lutherische Theologie und Kirche, conducted by Profs. Rudelbach and Guericke, with a body of able colaborers, is perhaps the chief organ of the stricter German Lutheranism. The Third Heft, 1861, devotes nearly 80 pages to discussions of Chiliasm, or the doctrines of the personal reign of Christ, as maintained by Bengel Hofman and others, and among whose recent defenders are Auberlen in his work on the Prophet Daniel and the Revelation of St. John, and Floerke (the doctrine of the Millenial Reign). One article by H. O. Köhler maintains in an extended article the unscripturalness of the doctrine of the Millenial Reign, and Ströbel and Engelhardt also denounce it in a somewhat elaborate review of Floerke's Work, as unscriptural, and as substituting the old Jewish and Secular for the more spiritual conception of the Kingdom of Christ exhibited by the New Testament. Other contents of the number are a New Year's Sermon, by H. Hoffmann, and an Essay discussing, partly favorably, partly unfavorably, the modern religious awakenings that have taken place in America, Ireland, &c.

The Exegetical Works noticed in its copious Bibliography are, The Poetical Books of the Old Testament, translated and explained by Robert Weber, Evangelical Reform Pastor (1853), which is partly condemned for its rationalistic tendencies, but on the other hand commended for the force, beauty, and precision of the language of the the version (though wanting in simplicity), and for the thoroughness of the interpretation. Esthetically the work is highly commended; its theologica merits are much less. Another work reviewed is that of

Dr. C. W. Otto, investigating anew the Historical relations of the Pastorial Epistles (1860). "In an exceedingly learned, perspicuous and thorough-going manner," he demonstrates the authenticity of these Epistles, while at the same time he arrives at the conclusion that they were written not at the late period of Paul's life now generally supposed, and consequently during a second imprisonment not recorded in the Acts, but rather at a much earlier period. The arguments for their authenticity, however, are in a great measure independent of the hypothesis of their time of composition.

From the Press of F. A. Perthes in Gotha, appeared in April the first number of a "German Quarterly for English Theological Inquiry and Criticism," edited by Dr. M. Heidenheim.

Among recent works in Theology is "Divine Revelation, an Apologetical Essay," by Prof. Dr. C. A. Auberlen, Basel (415 pp.). Dr. E. Böhl, Lic., has published The Prophecy of Isaiah, chapter xxiv-xxvii, illustrated by a commentary.

Dr. F. S. Lisco has published an Introduction to the Bible, as an aid to Instructors and readers of the Bible (260 pp.)

Superintendent O. Wolff has published a work entitled "The Book of Judith as a Historical Record, defended and explained, together with investigations regarding the continuance and extent of the Assyrian Supremacy in Asia and Egypt, regarding the Hyksos, the original seat of the Chaldeans, and their connexion with the Scythians," &c.

The Select Library of the Church Fathers (Bibl. Patr. Eccles. Selectissima), edited by Dr. G. B. Lindner, has reached its fourth fasciculus. This contains Tertullian's Treatise on the Soul. The Third fasc. contains Clement Alexandrine's Work Quis Dives Salvetur, in Greek and Latin; the Second, Tertullian on the Resurrection of the Body. These are in octavo, and cost but a trifle.

From the press of Firmin Didot has also been recently issued the first volume of the Select Works of Chrysostom (Sanc. Joh. Chrysostomi Opera Selecta), in Greek and Latin, edited by Fred. Dübner. The first volume contains 582 pages, and costs about $4.

Herzog's Encyclopædia of Protestant Theology has reached the 137th Heft, as far as Sarbonne, in the letter S.

An important work in the department of Hymnology is about to be published in Germany. Prof. Philip Wackernagel, in the year 1841, gave to the world a collection of German sacred lyrics, from the time of Luther, and has since then devoted himself with great industry to a collection of sacred lyrics, both in German and Latin, from the earliest times down to the end of the sixteenth century. Prof. Wackernagel has had access to numerous sources hitherto unreached or unexplored, and will be able to give his work an extent and completeness which will place it far in advance of any previous collection, and render it an invaluable treasure to those interested in this branch of sacred literature. Special attention will be given to the purity of the text. It will be eminently complete in the hymnology, both Protestant and Catholic, of the time of the Reformation. It will be comprised in four large octavo volumes. It is from the enterprising press of Teubner, of Leipsig.

The early Christian Fathers were greatly influenced in their interpretations of the Old Testament, by the traditionary interpretations of the old Hebrew Doctors. Jerome in particular gives many explanations derived from this source. Dr. Moritz Rahmer has published one heft of a work devoted to the examination of the Hebrew traditions in the works of Jerome. This part, embracing seventy-three pages, is devoted mainly to about fifty passages of the Questiones in Genesim, in which illustrations are adduced from the Targums, Talmud, and other Jewish sources. The work when completed, promises to be of considerable value to the careful student in Biblical Interpretation.

Prof. .Karl Von Raumer, of Erlangen, has published a fourth edition of his excellent and widely known work on Palestine, considerably enlarged and thoroughly revised. He has carefully availed himself of all the results of recent investigations, including those of both German and English travellers, and has thus produced a work which is probably more satisfactory on this subject than any other single book of its size. It contains 512 pages octavo.

In Philosophy and its history, we have a Lecture delivered before the Scientific Society at Berlin, by Dr. J. B. Meyer, on the Idea of Metempsychosis (die Idee der Seelenwanderung), and a work by Dr. H. Schultz (126 pp.) on what is implied in the Christian doctrine of Immortality. Dr. Kuno Fischer's History of Modern Philosophy has reached the fourth volume of the entire work, and the second of an exposition and history of the development of the Critical Philosophy.

Dr. F. Susemihl, Professor in Greifswald, completes the Second Part of his work exhibiting the Genetic Development of the Platonic Philosophy. His assumption that the chronological succession of Plato's writings exhibits the course of his philosophic development, had been argued against by Bonitz in his "Platonic Studies," as neither proved nor capable of proof. Susemihl defends himself against Bonitz, citing as overwhelming evidence in his favor, the concurrent opinions of scholars like Schwegler, Steinhart, Deuschle, Alberti, Zeller, Michaelis, Ueberweg, who, however great their differences in other respects, agree in

this.

Dr. C. A. Brandis, the veteran Philosophical Historian of Bonn, has also advanced a step in his Manual of the History of Greek and Roman Philosophy. The First Division of the Third Part embraces in a volume of 411 pages, a survey of the Aristotelian Philosophy, and an investigation of the doctrines of his immediate successors, as a transition to the third period in the development of Greek Philosophy.

From R. Seydel, privat. doc. in the University of Leipzig, we have also a historico-philosophical essay on The Progress of Metaphysics among the earliest Ionian philosophers. (68 pp.)

The Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, 39 vol. I. Heft, has articles on the Conception and Problem of the Doctrine of Knowledge, by Dr. Sengler; a sixth article by Dr. Zeising, on the Fundamental Forms of Thought, in their relation to the Fundamental Forms of Being; a second essay by J. B. Meyer on Criticism, with special reference to Kant; by Fichte, Contributions to the Doctrine of Organs of Soul," &c.

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The Zeitschrift für exacte Philoshophie, 1 vol., III and IV Heft, has articles by C. S. Cornelius, on the Reform of Metaphysics by Herbart; by Ch. A. Thilo, on the Fundamental Errors of Idealism, in their development from Kant to Hegel and Schleiermacher; two epistles of Herbart, &c.

Among the announcements of works soon to appear, is the continuation of Dr. Ulrici's well-known work entitled "Faith and Science." It will bear the title of "God and Nature," will deal largely with Metaphysics, and will bring the light of philosophical criticism to bear on the more recent schools and speculations in the field of natural science.

The "Corpus Reformatorum," edited, after Bretschneider, by H. E. Bindseil, has now reached the 28th volume, completing with this volume the Works of Melancthon, of which it presents a complete and most excellent edition. The last volume embraces a full and very exact chronological sketch of the life of Melancthon, and a copious index to the entire edition.

The Bodleian Library (Oxford), is among the richest, if not the richest in the world, in Hebrew printed books and manuscripts, having been enriched by successive collections of some of the most eminent Hebraists. By the direction of the Curators of the University, Mr. M. Steinschneider, who had previously distinguished himself by his labors in the department of Hebrew Bibliography, has made a complete catalogue of the printed Hebrew works in the Library, with full biographical and bibliographical accounts. The work is wrought with truly German zeal and industry, and perhaps with a touch of German pedantry. It must, however, be exceedingly interesting, and the lover of Hebrew literature can, for the moderate sum of thirty-three thalers, possses himself of an invaluable storehouse of information in that department.

CLASSICS AND PHILOLOGY.-An addition has been made to the well known and in general excellent, but very slowly advancing Bibliotheca Græca of Jacobs & Rost, by a new volume of Euripides containing the Iphigeneia in Tauris, edited with a Commentary, by Reinhold Klotz.

Two of the Tragedies of Eschylus, the Agamemnon and Choëphori, have been edited with critical and explanatory notes by Prof. H. Weil, of the Faculty of Letters at Besançon. By the judicious use of the Laurentian Scholia the editor has been enabled to make some valuable emendations of the text of Eschylus.

Two of the best German poetical translations of Aristophanes have been by Welcker and Droysen. That of Welcker aiming at a very exact reproduction of the original, is consequently somewhat stiff and heavy; that of Droysen is rather a paraphrase than a translation, the style piquant and sparkling, and the genial humor of the translator often rather replacing than expressing that of the original. A new translation by Donner, in the measures of the original, steers a middle course between the two, and combines in a good degree the fidelity of Welcker with the spirit and vivacity of Droysen.

Among other recent works are The Principles of Greek Rhythmillustrated in connection with Aristides Quintilian, by Prof. J. Casar (305 pp.) An Essay on the Greek Future, by Dr. A. Franke. A sec

ond edition of Nägelsbach's well known work on Homeric Theology, prepared after the decease of the author, by G. Autenrieth. Leo Meyer has published the first volume of a "Comparative Grammar of the Greek and Latin Languages" (455 pp.) An Essay by L. Grasberger De Usu Pliniano, furnishes much valuable aid to a knowledge of the silver age of the Latin Language (128 pp.) The Poems of Aurelius Prudens have been revised, with the aid of MSS., illustrated and explained by Alb. Dressel (538 pp.) Prof. A. Schleicher, one of the most distinguished Philologists of Germany, has published a Work (310 pp.) on The German Language (Die deutsche Sprache), designed to accomplish a two-fold object, partly to make the methods and results of Linguistic Science accessible to all educated persons, and partly to exhibit in its principal features, the nature of the German Language. The first part of Schleicher's promised "Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-Germanic Languages" is also announced as in press; the Second Part to appear next year.

FRANCE.

The French Government has committed to a Savant of Holstein, M. Detlefren, the duty of exploring the libraries of Northern Italy for the discovery of any fragments of ancient authors which may still be found in them.

Among the interesting recent issues of the Parisian Press is a Work by M. Germain, entitled the Martyrology of the Press, in which an experienced statesman passes in review the history of the Press with reference to the relative degrees of freedom which it has at different times enjoyed. L'Océanie Nouvelle is a Work by Alfred Jacobs, giving a very complete and able resumé of the natural, political and moral features of Oceanica, Australia, New Zeland, etc.

Louis de Roucheau has published a valuable Work on the Life and Works of Phidias, the great Athenian Sculptor (Phidias, Sa vie et ses ouvrages).

The History of the Francs, by Gregory of Tours and Frédégaire, translated by Guizot, has been revised by Alfred Jacobs, and enlarged by the Geography of Gregory & Frédégaire. M. H. Raynold, former member of the School of Athens, has published a work on That which was wanting to Liberty in the Grecian Republics. Ritter's History of Modern Philosophy is being translated into French in three volumes.

In June 1859, the Genevan Academy celebrated its three hundredth Anniversary, and a book entitled The Book of the Rector, has been published containing the names of all the Students (about 7000) and Professors of the Academy from 1559 to 1859.

A Work on Averroes and Averroisme is a Historical Essay by the distinguished orientalist Ernest Renan, second edition, 2 vols. Averroès is the Spanish corruption of the Arabic name Ibn-Roschd, born at Cordova in 1126. Instead of being the first to translate Aristotle from Greek into Arabic, he read Aristotle only in Syriac versions made several centuries before his time. We need not wonder then at modifica