580

Paving cities, 553

Pedal for pounding rice, 90, 91

Pegu, customs in, respecting water, 35
Pelanque, 164

Pendulum machine to raise water, 92, 93.
Pendulum for watches, 441

Penelope and Ulysses, 283
Perfumed fountains, 539, 540
Perfumes dispersed by eolipiles, 401
Perpetual motions, 566, 567

Peruvians, their Asiatic origin doubtful, 172.
Whistling bottles of, 17. Mirrors, 121,
172. Wells and irrigation, 165–167. Com-
mon utensils of gold, 171. Ancient city
disinterred, 17. Sucking tubes, 204. Not
ignorant of the bellows, 253-256. Dials,
542, 547
Persians, worshiped wells, 36. Ambassadors
thrown into wells, 27. Raising water, 96,
573. Fountains, 539, 541

Persian wheel for raising water, 115
Peter Martyr, quoted, 106, 314
Pewter and pewterers, 162, 260
Philadelphia, water-works of, 300. Fire-en-
gines, 344

Phocion, 537, 565

Piasa, a bird that devoured men, 165
Picotah, a machine to raise water, 97
Pins and needles, 87, 121. First made in
England, 323

Pipes, water, flexible, 258. In Mexico, 163.
In Peru, 170. Asía, 211. Pompeii, 211,
552. Rome, 213, 552. Of earthenware,
58. Of leather, 304. Of lead, 552, 553.
Drawn, 554. Tinned, 555

Pipkins, 18, 19

Pistons, 206, 214, 215, 307, 438
Piston bellows, 244-253
Piston and cylinder, various applications of,
358, 359, 425

Piston steam-engine, of Worcester, 435-437.
Of Hautefille and Huyghens, 441. Of Pa-
pin, 450. Of Newcomen, 465. Of Leopold,

469

Plato, his views of mechanics, 3. His musi-
cal clocks, 543, 548
Play-bills, ancient one, 540

Pliny the elder, quoted, 9, 15, 19, 35, 43, 68,

79, 81, 96, 130, 192, 194, 203, 212, 213, 265,
270, 549, 551. His death, 28
Pliny the younger, his letter to Trajan, 309.
Account of his gardens, 536
Plough, 82, 83, 132. Engine for drawing, 423
Plutarch, quoted, 3, 12, 81, 118, 311, 366, 537,
542, 548

Poison, in wells, 40

Pompeii, its discovery, 29. Antiquities found
in, 29, 30, 43, 55, 211, 552

Porta, Baptist, 1, 413. Quoted, 379, 381, 430.
his Digester, 393. Raised water by heat,
379. By steam, 407-409. By a siphon, 529
Potter, a boy, who made the steam-engine
self-acting, 470

Pressure engines, 352-362. Natural, 506
Prester, John, fights the Mongals with eoli-
piles, 400
Printing, 2, 70, 388
Printers' devices, 194

Projectors, ridiculed in a public procession,

439

Propelling vessels on water. See Paddle
wheels.

Pulley, its origin, used by the Egyptians, 59.
Used for raising water, 58-63
Pumps, atmospheric of uncertain origin,
212. Mentioned by Pliny, 96, 213. See
also 211-230. Limits to which water rises

in, 190, 223. These limits known to old
pump-makers, 191. Deceptions with, 224,
225. Bag-pump, 209. Bellows, do. 205-
210. Burr, do. 214. Centrifugal, do. 229,
230. German, do. 138, 207, 218, 219. Na-
tural, do. 209, 210. Liquor, do. 215. Spa-
nish, do. 217, 224
Pumps, forcing, 262-293. Common pump,
263. Enema, 263. Bellows, 241, 257, 207,
568. Double acting, 271. Mercurial, 275.
Natural, 209, 210, 256-258. Stomach, 264.
Plunger, 272, 444. Perkins' 281. Rotary,
284-291, 373. Reciprocating rotary, 292,

293

Ramseye, his patent for raising water by fire,
419

Razors, bronze, 121. Mexican, 162
Reciprocating rotatory pumps, 292, 293
Regal, 550

Religious persecutions, 446
Remora, sucking fish, 185
Respiration, 475, 477

Richard III. his coffin, a watering trough, 49
Riddles, 437

Rigny, De, his steam machine, 463
Rivatz, a Swiss machinist, 462
Rivaz, his motive engine, 473
Rivius, eolipiles from, 396
Rocking machine for raising water, 93
Rolling press, 323

Rome, invaded by the Gauls from the report
of a smith, 19. Houses in, 310
Roman wells, 28, 34, 40, 41, 50. Chain of
pots, 124, Water screw, 138. Fire-engines,
310, 311. Firemen, 309. Fountains, 533,
539, 540. Mirrors, 121

Roode of Grace, an English idol, 106
Rope pump, 136

Rotatory movements, 282-284
Rotatory pumps, 281-291. Defects of, 291
Russia, pumps in, 220

S

Safety valves, 387, 391, 447, 451
Sails of ships, 268
Saladin, 47, 372

Salting fish, in Egypt, 86. Its revival in Eu-
rope, 86
Sanguisuchello, 203

Sap, ascent of, 607-509
Sarbacans, 256

Sarcophagii, used as watering troughs, 49, 99
Sauce pans, 21

Savery, his experiments and engines, 453—
460. His bellows, 483
Saw, 268

Scipio, his baths, 558. Dowry of his daugh-
ter, 121

Scoop, to raise water, 93. Scoop wheel, 111
Scots, worshiped wells, 37
Screws for raising water, 137-142, 566
Scythian tradition, 12

Watch chains, 323

Water, its importance in nature and the arts,
9, 302, 358. Supposed identity with air,
395, 418, 420, 421, 572. Worshiped, 33—,
37, 565. Penalty for stealing, 43. Fresh
dipped from the sea, 519
Water beds, 178. Bombs, 349. Canes, 372.
Carriers, 83, 84. Closets, 561. Hammer,
367. Lute, 451. Power, 480. Rams, 368
-371. Spouts, 477, 510. Wheels, 125, 282,
568
Water-works at Hamath, 116. In Japan,
125. At Babylon, 133-135. Of the Peru-
vians, 165-172. Mexicans, 160-162. At
Augsburgh, Bremen, Toledo, Paris, and
London, 294, 295, 296. Old ones described,
438. In America, 298. Roman, 267, 480
Watt, 145, 258.
See preface.
Waves, 366, 367
Wedge, 268
Weather-glasses, 375
Weeping images, 108

Wells, 24-49, 52, 71, 241, 565. Solon's laws
respecting, 27. Reflections on, 48. Venti
lation of, 488. Worshiped, 33-37, 565.
Ancient American wells, 50, 160-167.
Their examination desirable, 50
Wheels, flash, 94. Other wheels to raise
water, 109-116. Wheel of fortune, 118.
Scoop, 111. Persian, 115. Capstan, 77.

Wheels, tread, 73-76, 116, 117, 152. Cog,
71, 72, 114, 121

Whistles, in Peruvian bottles, 17. Chaldean
cups, 201

Whitney, Eli, 359

Whitehurst's water ram, 368

Wilkins, Bishop, quoted, 103, 104, 396, 418,
429-431, 566

Windlass, 68-72, 573

Wind-mills, 125, 139, 151, 158, 418, 572
Wines, concentration of, 440. Mixed, 517.
Siphons for tasting, 195, 516, 522
Wine flask, Savery's experiment with, 454—

455

Winifred's well, miracle at, 37
Winnowing machine, 70

Wire, ancient, 2, 87, 121, 162, 323. Mill for
drawing, 423

Wirtz's spiral pump, 363
Woden's well, 35

Woisard's air machine, 473
Women, early experimenters on steam, 391
Wooden hams, 70

Worcester, Marquis of, his century of inven
tions, 64, 140, 362, 428-440, 539. His
steam-boat, 438. Steam-engine, 437. His
character and death, 439

World, the, an hydraulic machine, 505
Wynken de Worde, quoted, 314