ties, by confining in its folds an oily, putrid matter and the exuvia of infects.

The founds of cod and ling are used for this purpose. The Newfoundland and Iceland fishermen split open the fish as foon as taken, and throw the backbones with the founds annexed in a heap; but, previous to putrefaction, the founds are cut out, washed from their flime and falted for use. In cutting out the founds, the intercostal parts are left behind, which are much the best; the Iceland fishermen are fo fenfible of this, that they beat the bones on a block with a thick flick, till the pockets, as they term them, come out eafily, and thus preferve the found entire. If the founds have been cured with falt, they must be diffolved by steeping them in water, before they are prepared for Ifinglafs; the fresh found muft be then laid on a block of wood, the furface of which is a little eliptical, (fomewhat round) to the end whereof a small hair brush is nailed, and with a faw-knife the membranes on each fide of the found must be fcraped off. The knife is rubbed on the brush occafionally, to cleanse its teeth; the pockets are cut open with fciffars, and perfectly cleanfed of the mucuous matter with a coarse cloth; the founds are af terwards washed a few minutes in limewater, in order to absorb their oily principle, and laftly, in clear water. They are then laid upon nets, to dry in the air; but, if intended to resemble foreign ifinglafs, the founds of cod will only admit of that called book, thofe of ling, both fhapes. The thicker the founds are, the better the ifinglafs, colour excepted; but that is immaterial to the brewer, who is the chief confumer.

A boy or girl receiving a premium in the fine arts, fhall not be permitted to be candidate for a premium of the fame rank, and in the fame clafs, on the enfuing year; and fuch as have received the higheft premium, shall not be candidates in the fame class at any time after.

All matters for which the society offer premiums, muft be begun after the publication of such premiums, unless there be a particular exception in the publication.

The fociety referve to themselves a power of giving in all cafes fuch part only of any premium as the performance fhall be judged to deferve; or in case of want of merit, no part.

A candidate for a premium, or a perfon applying for a bounty, being detected in any difingenuous methods to impofe upon the fociety, fhall forfeit all fuch premium or bounty, and be incapable of obtaining any for the future; and if any perfon fhall be detected in offering any forged inftrument in evidence to the fociety, or in committing wilful perjury in proof of any claim, a profecution will be carried on against fuch offender with the utmost rigour of the law.

The fociety being defirous of avoiding as much as poffible the multiplication of oaths in the difpofal of their premiums, request that the nobility, magiftrates, gentry, and clergy, in their several diftricts, will give their attention when applied to for certificates of the merit of

any

any candidate for a premium, to examine the pretenfions of such person, that the fociety may not be under the neceffity of tendering an affidavit to him; which they apprehend has fometimes occafioned the mifapplication of their fund, and the guilt of perjury.

No perfon will be admitted a candidate for any premium offered by the fociety, who has obtained a patent for the exclufive right of making or performing any thing for which fuch premium is offered, or for which premium there might not have been a fair competition.

Any manufacturers detected in entering into any illegal combination of raifing the prices of their goods or labour, are for ever excluded from receiving any premium or bounty from the fociety.

No perfon who fhall be feized of an eftate or inheritance, or for life, with remainder to his first and every other fon, of the clear yearly value of 500l. or upwards; or who fhall be feized or poffeffed of a real or personal estate, or of both together, of the clear value of 10,000l. or upwards; fhall ever receive any pecuniary premium or reward whatfoever from the fociety; but every such perfon fhall be put upon the fame footing with the members, and fhall be intitled to receive a gold medal, in lieu of a premium of 10l. or more; and a filver medal, in lieu of any premium under 10l. and if any doubt fhould arife, touching the value of fuch real or perfonal property, the fame fhall be afcertained by the affidavit of the perfon claiming to be intitled to fuch pecuniary premium, or other reward. This bye-law not to extend to any claim of premiums for manufactures, or of any premium, established by act of parliament.

All claimants of premiums are to fend in their claims at least fourteen days before fuch premiums are to be adjudged, directed to the Rev. Mr. Thomas Lyfter, at the fociety's houfe in Graftonstreet.

All premiums offered by the Dublin Society are defigned for Ireland only, unless in any article mention be made to the contrary.

The Dublin Society being defirous of promoting fuch enquiries as may tend to the information and fervice of the public, and alfo of diffufing as generally as poffible, the knowledge of such

four years, his Excellency the Lieutenant-governor has iffued a proclamation, requiring the fheriffs to levy the poll-tax and duties on wine and spirituous liquors, notwithstanding the orders of the late Commons House of Affembly for difcontinuing the fame, which order occafioned their diffolution. His Excellency has also iffued a proclamation, requiring all fettlers on the Cherokee lands, forthwith to retire from the Indian territories, on pain of forfeiting all protection from his Majesty's government.

Philadelphia, May 20. The heads of the feveral focieties of this city met (the Quakers only excepted), and agreed to fufpend all bufinefs on the first of June, thereby to exprefs our sympathy for our brethren at Boston, and, by fuch a pause, to give an opportunity of reflecting on the precarious fituation of American rights.

Philadelphia, May 24. At a townmeeting, refolved, That the act of the British parliament for futting up the port of Bolton, is oppreffive to the inhabitants of that town, and dangerous to the liberties of the British colonies in America; and that a general congrefs of deputies from the refpective provinces is the most probable means of procuring relief, fecuring the rights and liberties of the colonies, and re-eftablishing peace and harmony with Great Britain.-At the fame time a fubfcription was fet on foot for the support of such poor inha bitants of the town of Boston as fhould be deprived of the means of fubfiftence by the operation of the above act.

Annapolis, Maryland, May 25. At a meeting of the inhabitants of this city, it was unanimously refolved, that the late act of parliament for blocking up the

harbour

harbour of Boston is an attack upon the liberties of America, and that Bolton is now fuffering in the common caufe: Refolved, therefore, That the inhabitants of this city will join in the aflociation with the feveral counties of this province, and the principal colonies in America, to put an immediate ftop to all exports to Great Britain; and that, after a fhort day, there be no imports; and that this affociation fhall be on oath.

New York, May 26. In confequence of the very alarming news received from England, a committee is appointed to correspond with our fifter colonies, and to confult on the moit prudent measures to be taken at this critical juncture.

Bofton, May 28. A number of gentlemen waited on our late governor, Mr. Hutchinson, with an addrefs conceived in very respectful terms, against which a number of other gentlemen entered a proteft.

Harvard, in Conneclicut, June 1. This being the day when the Bolton port bill took place, the fame was obferved here as a day of mourning. The bells began to toll early, and continued fo to do late; the town-houfe was hung with black, and the shops were all fhut. The late worthy Mr. Hollis, well known throughout the learned world for his love of arts and liberty, in the frontifpiece of a book prefented to Harvard College, infcribed, with his own hand, this prophetic admonition to the inhabitants of this rifing province :

"People of Maffachusetts, "When your country fhall be culti"vated, adorned like this country, and ye fhall become elegant, reaned in "all civil life, then, if not before, "'Ware to your liberties."

Philadelphia, June 2. Yefterday we had a pause in the bufinefs of this city, and a folemn pause it was. If we except the Friends, I believe nine tenths of the citizens fhut up their houses, and the bells were rung muffled all the day. -The Friends, or people called Quakers, tho' tenderly fympathizing with the diftreffed, and juttly fenfible of the value of their religious and civil rights, yet thought it necessary to publish, that no perfons were authorized to reprefent them at the meeting of the focieties for the appointment of this fervice,

Williamsburg, in Virginia, June 2. Yefterday being the day appointed by an

act of the British parliament for shutting up the port of Boston, the fame was obferved here as a day of fafting and humiliation; and never was a day more devoutly kept.

Befion, June 4. The King's own regiment landed at Long Wharf, and marched into the Common.

June 5. The 43d regiment did the fame; after which both regiments encamped upon the Common. June 9. A Committee of Council waited upon the Governor with their addrefs in answer to his fpeech, in which they with his Excellency every felicity, and that his administration, in the principles and general conduct of it, may be a happy contraft to that of his two immediate predeceffors.-But his Excellency, when the Chairman came to those words, defired him not to proceed, and refused to receive the addrefs, affigning his reasons in these words:

"Gentlemen of the Council,

"I cannot receive an address which contains indecent reflections on my predeceffors, who have been tried and honourably acquitted by the Lords of the Privy Council, and their conduct approved by the King.

"I confider this addrefs as an infult upon his Majesty and the Lords of his Privy Council, and an affront to myself. T. GAGE.

Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, June 10. Governor Wentworth fent the following meffage to the Affembly of that province then fitting.

Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen of the As Sembly,

"As I look upon the measures entered upon by the House of Affembly to be inconfiftent with his majesty's fervices and the good of this government, it is my duty, as far as in me lies, to prevent any detriment that might arise from fuch proceedings. I do therefore hereby dif folve the General Affembly of this prevince, and it is diffolved accordingly.

J. WENTWORTH."

New York, June 13. At a numerous meeting of the inhabitants, refolved, that the ftatute commonly called the Bofton Port-Act, is oppreffive to the inhabitants of that town, unconstitutional in its principles, and dangerous to the liberties of America; and that a joint refolution to ftop all importation from, and exportation to, Great-Britain, till that act shall be repealed, will prove the fal

vation of North America, and her liberties: for this purpose it is farther refolved, that deputies be sent to meet deputies from other colonies, to agree about the means to be used for carrying this measure into execution.

Philadelphia, June 13. A petition, figned by near 900 refpectable freehold ers, was presented to the Hon. John Penn, Efq; our governor, earnestly entreating his Honour to call the affembly of the province as foon as poffible. To which the governor was pleased to return the following answer:

"Gentlemen,

Upon all occafions when the peace, order, and tranquillity of the province require it, I fhall be ready to convene the affembly; but as that does not appear to be the cafe at prefent, I cannot think fuch a step would be expedient, or confiftent with my duty. JOHN PENN." Charles-Town, June 13. The news of the port of Boston being fhut up caufed an univerfal ferment. It was inftantly agreed to call a general meeting of the principal inhabitants of the whole province, to confult upon proper measures on the prefent emergency, and the 5th of July was appointed the day of meeting. A general congrefs and non-importation are here the prevailing cry.

Williamsburg, June 13. An express arrived in this city from Colonel Hite, with advice of the determined refolution of the Indians to declare war againít us. Se veral families have already been found murderered and fcalped, and the inhabitants in the Back Settlements never were in greater confternation. In confequence of this news, writs have been iffued for the election of a new affembly to meet as foon as poffible.

Writs are likewife iffued by Governor Penn, of Pennfylvania, for the fame purpose.

June 13. The House of Reprefenta tives fitting at Salem, refolved, That a meeting of Committees from the feveral colonies is highly expedient and neceffary, to confult upon the prefent ftate of the colonies, and the miferies to which they are, and must be, reduced, by the operation of certain acts of parliament refpecting America; and to deliberate and determine upon wife and proper measures to be by them recommended to all the colonies for the recovery and establishment of their juft rights and liberties, civil and religious, and the re

ftoration of union and harmony between Great Britain and the colonies, most ardently desired by all good men.

Refolved, That the Hon. James Bowdoin, Efq; the Hon. Thomas Cushing, Efq; Mr. Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Teat Payne, Efqrs, be appointed a committee on the part of this province, for the purposes aforefaid.

Refolved, That the fum of 500l, be paid to the faid committee, out of the public treasury, to enable them to difcharge the important truft to which they are appointed.-But to this refolution the Governor refufed his affent. Therefore,

June 17, Refolved, That it be recommended to the feveral towns and districts within the province, to raise the said 500l. by equitable proportions, according to the laft provincial tax.

Refolved, That, as the towns of Bofton and Charles-Town are, at this time, fuffering under the hand of power, it is the clear opinion of this Houfe, that the inhabitants of faid towns ought to be relieved; and this House do recommend to all, to afford them fpeedy and conftant relief, in full confidence that they will exhibit examples of patience, fortitude, and perfeverance, while they are thus called to endure oppreffion for the prefervation of the liberties of their country.

House of Reprefentatives, June 17. Whereas this and his Majesty's other colonies in North America have long been ftruggling under the heavy hand of power, and our dutiful petitions for the redress of our intolerable grievances have been not only difregarded, but the design totally to alter the free conftitution and civil government in British America, to establish arbitrary governments, and to reduce the inhabitants to flavery, appears more and more to be fixed and determined; it is therefore ftrongly recommended by this House, to the inhabitants of the province, that they renounce altogether the confumption of India teas, and as far as in them lies to difcontinue the ufe of all goods imported from the Eaft-Indies and Great-Britain, until the public grievances of America shall be radically and totally redreffed; and it is alfo further recommended, that they give all public encouragement to the manufactures of America.-In confequence of thefe refolves and recommendations, his Excellency the Governor directed his Secretary to acquaint the two Houses, that it was his pleasure the General Affembly

fhould

should be diffolved; and to declare the fame diffolved accordingly. The Secretary went to the Court-house, and, find ing the door of the representatives chamber locked, directed the meffenger of the House to go in and acquaint the Speaker that the Secretary had a meffage to deliver to the Houfe, and defired he might be admitted to deliver it. The meffenger returned, and said he had acquainted the Speaker therewith, who mentioned it to the House, and their orders were to keep the door fast. Whereupon proclamation was made upon the stairs, in the prefence of feveral members, and the House in that manner diffolved.

At a full meeting of freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Bofton, affembled at Faneuil-Hall to confider of the measures to be taken upon the present emergency, more efpecially relative to the late edict of the British parliament for blocking up the harbour of Bofton, and annihilating the trade of the town, it was voted, with only one diffentient, that the Committee of Correfpondence be enjoined forthwith to write to all the other colonies, acquainting them that we are not idle; that we are deliberating upon the steps to be taken on the prefent exigencies of our public affairs; that our brethren, the landed intereft of this province, with an unexampled fpirit and unanimity, are entering into a non-confumption agreement; and that we are waiting, with anxious expectation, for the refult of a continental congrefs, whose meeting we impatiently defire, in whose wifdom and firmnefs we can confide, and in whose determinations we fhall chearfully acquiefce.

On this occafion, the letters received by the Committee of Correfpondence from the fifter colonies being read, voted unanimoufly, That our warmeft thanks be tranfmitted to our brethren on the Continent for that humanity, fympathy, and affection, with which they have been infpired, and which they have expreffed towards this diftreffed town at this important feafon.

Salem, June 18. A very pathetic addrefs from the merchants and freeholders of this town was prefented to Governor Gage, in which, after complimenting his Excellency on the wifdom and mildnefs of his conduct in another command, they exprefs their fanguine expectations that the province will reap the happy fruits of his benignity." We are deep

ly affected, fay they, with a sense of our public calamities; but the miseries that are now rapidly haftening on our brethren in the capital of this province greatly excite our commiferation.—*** "We account it the greateft unhappinefs that this province, which has ever been foremost in loyalty to the Kings of Britain-in its efforts to defend their territories and enlarge their dominionsfhould be the first to feel our Sovereign's fevereft difpleasure. Our fathers fed from oppreffion, braved every danger, and here began a fettlement on bare creation. Almost incredible are the fatigues and difficulties they encountered to fubdue a dreary wilderness, filled with favage beafts, and yet more favage men: but by their invincible resolution they rofe fuperior to them all, and by their aftonishing efforts greatly facilitated the fettlement of the other British colonies in America. Yet, fir, we fpeak it with grief, the fons are checked and difhonoured for exhibiting proofs of their inheriting fome portion of that fpirit which in their fathers produced fuch aftonishing effects.

"A happy union with Great-Britain is the wifh of the colonies. It is their unfpeakable grief that it has in any degree been interrupted. We carnestly defire to repair the breach. We ardently pray that harmony may be restored. And for thefe ends, every measure compatible with the dignity and fafety of British subjects we fhall gladly adopt."

They conclude with alluring his Excellency, "that they fhall make it their conftant endeavour to preferve the peace, and to make the arduous task of adminiftration in these perilous times as easy to him as the nature of things will admit."

To which his Excellency in his anfwer affured them, that he felt for the inhabitants of Boston, but could take no fteps for their relief without their cooperating with his endeavours, and was forry their repeated provocations had forced the British nation to adopt the prefent measures. "Great-Britain (concludes his Excellency) is equally defirous as yourselves of a happy union with this, as well as every other colony; and, inheriting the fpirit of her ancestors, finds it neceffary to fupport her rights, as the fupreme head of her extended empire: fhe trives not to check that spirit which you fay you inherit from your fathers, but to inculcate that due obedience to the