quer. A fenfible and accomplished traveller of my own fex, after having given a concife, but ftriking account of the religion and manners of the Hindoos, obferves as follows:--'It is * aftonishing with what strictness the Hindoos obferve these rules, even to Aarving themfelves to death, rather than break through them. The chil'dren of the Hindoos are not to be tempted to eat any thing forbidden, either by perfuafion or by offering them the greatest delicacies; which I have often been witnefs of. It is the fr impreffion their minds receive; they are ufed to feeing it strictly obferved by their own and other cafts; it grows up with them as the firft and moft ' abfolute law, and is perhaps obferved with more strictness than any other law, religious or civil, by any nation under the fun.'

་

have feen little boys and girls tie them'felves together by one arm, and tie a lighted coal between them, to fee which of them would shake it off firft.'

"Never, furely, was the abiding influence of first impreflions more evidently difplayed than in this firm and undeviating adherence to early principle, evinced by a people remarkable for feeblenefs of mind and gentlenefs of manners. That fortitude, or rather terpid refignation, with which this feeble race have been obferved to endure the extremity of bodily fuffering, nay with more juftice be attributed to carly inspired fentiment than to caufes merely phyfical, is rendered obvious by the fimilar operation of fimilar caufes on a people whofe character and Manners are in other refpects very widely different. That contempt of pain and death, which forms fuch a prominent feature in the character of the American favage, can by no means be afcribed to an organization and temperament timilar to that of the Hindoo. It is explained by the honest traveller Charlevoix in a few words, when, after having given fome aftonifhing inftances of the amazing conftancy and firmnefs evinced by the favages of both fexes in bearing the extreme of bodily torture, *ffering for many hours, and fometimes for many days together, the Pharpeft effects of fire, and all that the moft induftrious fury could invent to make it moft painful, without tting a figh eicape;' he adds, the favages extreife themfelves in this all *lbeir lives, and accułom their children to it from their tenderejt years? We

"If education can thus conquer the moft powerful feelings of nature, fubdue appetite, and render the foul fuperior to phyfical fenfation; what may it not be expected to effect when directed to the control of the malevolent paffions, the fubjection of the irregular appetites, the cultivation of benevolence, and the improvement of intellect? The pains that are taken by the Hindoo to affociate the idea of good with a strict adherence to the duties prescribed by his religion, and the idea of evil with the flighteft deviation from the rules of his caft, are rendered effectual from the period of their commencement; while the affociations thus produced are made permanent by the force of habit and example. Were the practice of the parent at war with his precepts; did he indulge himself in eating of the forbidden food, while he gave grave leffons to his children on the duty of abftaining from it; can we believe that the impreflions made upon their minds would be powerful or abiding? If while by words he expressed his abhorrence of thofe who, by a breach of the laws of Brama, had loft their catt, he received, cherished, and carefied thefe degenerate beings; would all the indignation he could exprefs, lead the witnefles of his conduct to affociate the idea of lofs of caft with irremediable difgrace? Such inconfiftencies the Hindoo and the favage leave to the practice of the enlightened Chriftians of Europe!" P. 5.

WEALTH AND POWER-SOCIETY.

"IT must be obvious to every ob ferver, that the influence of power and wealth over the affections is in many inftances inimical to the happiness, as well as to the virtue of individuals. It is this prevailing fentiment which renders people, whom fortune has placed in the middling ranks of fociety, afhamed of their ftation; and this falfe fhame prompts them to live in fuch a manner as may induce a belief of their opulence at the expenfe of their independence. What must be the confequence to their unfortunate children? Ac

cuftomed

customed to confider honour and esteem attached to luxury, and to connect the ideas of penury with difgrace, how bitter muft to them be that poverty in which, by the folly of their parents, they must be inevitably involved!

"Never was there a period when the circumftance I have above alluded to, called for more ferious confideration than at the prefent moment. Never till now, fince Britain first rofe to diftinction among nations, were the middling claffes of her children held in contempt. But where is now that middling clafs, which used to be confidered the glory and the ftrength of the empire? Should one not imagine it to be extinct; and that genteel and ungen teel formed the fole known distinctions in fociety? Even those whose virtues would have done honour to the foil in which they fprang have caught the contagion, and, by confidering greatnefs alone as worthy of regard and eftimation, have aimed a parricidal blow at humble virtuous mediocrity.

"I am well aware of the obloquy to which I may expofe myself, by ftanding forth the champion of that unfashionable virtue, which, by being connected with an independent fpirit, has been brought into difgrace, as favouring of republicanitin; but while the tol I have propofed is for ne, it is of little confequence to me who had be againit ae.

"Of thole crimes to which the pur. fuit of wealth and power to requeray leads, I forbear to speak; they are fo obvious and to well known, that every parent who has the leaft degree of principle, will naturally endeavour to guard his child againn ilon. But it may be questioned, whether theic endeavours are always fo directed as to enfure fuccefs. li children have been taught to afïociate every idea of felicity with grandeur, every idea of refpect and admiration with worldly honours and preement, is it to be fuppeted, that by a few leffons on the danger of avarice and ambition thefe affociations will be counteracted? Conftant witneffes of our folicitude to appear members of the world of fashion, of our inceffant pains to make acquaintance with the rich and great, while we defpife or neglect the good; can we imagine, that riches and grandeur will not become the predominant defire of their hearts? With this defire the

principles of worldly honour may indeed be made to quadrate; but let us remember that with it the principles of religion and of found fterling virtue must be eternally at variance.

"We are taught to look upon the prefent period as an awful and portentous crifis, big with alarm to the rifing generation. In one refpect it certainly is fo. The increafing prevalence of luxury, with the univerfal decrease of the means of procuring it, in the middling claffes, muft inevitably expose the rifing generation to all the evils refulting from luxurious habits and dependant fortunes. The unhappy confequences must be forefeen by every thinking mind, and deprecated by every generous foul, abhorrent at the ideas of vice and slavery.

"Were children taught by the conduct of their parents, as well as by the leffons of their preceptors, to eflimate the advantages of wealth and power at their proper value; were the virtues of frugality, temperance, and economy, once more recalled from their long and hopeless banifl:ment, to fome degree of refpect and eftimation; and were that approbation and esteem, which is now beltowed on greatnefs, once more to become the meed of merit; have we not reafon to expect that this partentous crifs would terminate in national profperity, built not on the quickfind of extended commerce and lourithing manufacture, not on the blood-fained treafines of the Eaft or Weft, but on the folid rock of public and private virtue?

"Let every mother who has a fuffi. cient degree of patriotifm, and of parental tenderness, to feel a glow of heart in the contemplation of fuch a picture, confider heitelf as an infiuinent in the hand of Providence to contribute to its realization. Let her reflect, how much the proper educa. tion of one fugle family may eventually contribute towards it; and that while the fruits of her labours are a rich harveft of peace, happir efs, and virtue, which may defcend through genera tions yet unborn, fhe will herself enjoy a glorious and eternal reward.

"It is because they are hopeless of being able to ftem the torrent by individual exertion, that individuals permit themselves to be carried down by the ftream: for I am perfuaded, that were all the joys of ambition, luxury, and

diffipation,

diffipation, to be purfued by those alone who find pleasure in them, the number of their votaries would foon be confiderably diminished. We are far more folicitous to appear happy than to be really fo; and to this appearance of happinefs the reality is often facrificed. Health, peace, and competence, are effential to human felicity; yet health, and peace, and competence, are defpifed as vulgar bleff ings, of which we make a willing offering at the fhrine of fashion.

"Even the pleasures of fociety, pleasures fo congenial to the human heart, are now almost exploded. When the feaft of hofpitality is fpread by friendship for the objects of efteem and afection, it never fails to produce fatisfaction, complacency, and delight. By convivial cheerfulness the cares of life are fufpended, while sympathy opens the heart to the impreffions of benevolence. The powers of converfation are then called forth with pecuhar advantage. Sentiments are deveJoped, and obtain a value from their currency, which was unknown even to the utterer. This is fociety, and for what is it now exchanged? For par tie, where pride and oftentation open their doors for the reception of the vain and idle; for well-dreffed mobs, who meet to complain of crowd, and heat, and noife, or to wrangle at the card-table; or, as Mifs Edgworth expreffes it, to how their fine clothes, to weary and hate each other. And this is called happiness! but let the heart be afked, whether it deferves the name? If, by false affociation, the mind had not been enslaved to the name of fushion, is it not probable that we fhould have continued to prefer the focial and im proving intercourfe of friendship to the tirefome and difgufting infipidity of a ftupid crowd?

"But it is only in fuch crowds that people in a certain fphere can hope to mix with thofe of a fuperior rank. But for this bleffed contrivance,

6

they might have been condemned for ever to affociate with their equals.' "Let people who argue in this way, reflect what they really gain by this fort of acquaintance with their fupe riors;a knowledge of their perfons, and the privilege of exchanging bows< and curtfeys. And is this a recompenfe for the facrifice of time and for. tune, and the focial intercourfe of friendship, and all the joys (to say nothing of the duties) of domeftic life? Surely it could never be fo deemed, were it not for the abiding and powerful influence of early affociation, which has connected the idea of happiness with a certain ftyle of life, that has been adopted by those who are in pof feffion of that wealth and power to which we are taught to bow with the implicit reverence of devotion.

"This unhappy affociation is, indeed, a floodgate to a tide of evils fo extenfive, fo beyond the power of calculation to enumerate, that all I can fay upon the subject must be confidered only as hints, intended to draw the attention towards it. Different as its operation is upon the fexes, we fhall find it equally inimical to the happiness and virtue of both. From habit and fituation, the love of wealth and power is in the female mind fomewhat circumfcribed in its effects; but the affociations arifing from it do not fail to inAuence the heart and the conduct as effentially, though in a different direction, in the female as in the male part of the fpecies; the ambition of vanity being little lefs injurious in its confequences than the ambition of pride. The passion for distinction is, it is true, apparently gratified at an easier rate in the one fex than in the other. But when diftinction is fought after through the medium of vanity and folly, frivolity and diffipation, what is the refult? Let us look around, and we shall be at no lofs for an anfwer, a melancholy anfwer." P. 320.

YOL. V-No. XLVII,

MONTHLY

NEW PUBLICATIONS.

ANATOMY-ART MILITARY-THE

ARTS.

EXPERIMENTS on the Circulation of the Blood throughout the vafcular Syftem; on languid Circulation; on the Motion of the Blood, independent of the Action of the Heart; and of the Pulfation of the Arteries. By the Abbé Spallanzani; with Notes, and a literary Life of the Author, by J. TOURDES, M. D. Physician to the French Army. Translated, and illuftrated with additional Notes, by R. HALL, M. D, 8vo. 95. Ridgeway.

fhort Account of the Royal Artillery Hofpital at Woolwich; with fome Obfervations on the Management of Artillery Soldiers, respecting the Preservation of Health. By JOHN ROLLO, M. D. Surgeon-general, Royal Artillery, &c. Small 8vo. 5s. half bound. Maruman. Lectures on Painting, delivered at the Royal Academy, March 1801. By HENRY FUSELI, Efq. P. P. With additional Obfervations and Notes. 4to. 128. Johnson. The Lady's Affiftant for regulating and fupplying the Table; being a complete Syftem of Cookery, &c. &c. By CHARLOTTE MASON. Eighth Edition. 8vo. 78. bound. Walter, Seawell.

GRAMMAR LANGUAGE. The Elements of English Compofition: containing practical Inftructions for writing the English Language with Perfpicuity and Elegance; and defigned, in the Progrefs of Education, to fucceed to the Study of English Grammar, and of the Latin and Greek Claffics. By DAVID IRVING, A. M. 12mo. 48. Phillips.

new practical French Grammar, in which all the Rules, Obfervations, &c. are explained in an entirely new Manner, fo plain and methodical as to render the Attainment of the French Language entertaining and eafy to every Capacity. By M. L'ABBE CREULLY, Teacher of the French, Latin, and Italian Languages

-

HISTORY ANTIQUITIES MEMOIRS -TOPOGRAPHY.

Antiquities, hiftorical, architectural, chorographical, and itinerary, in Nottinghamshire and the adjacent Counties; comprifing the Hiftories of Southwell (the Ad Pontem) and of Newark (the Sidnacester, of the Romans); interfperfed with biographical Sketches, and profufely embellifhed with Engravings. In four Parts. By WILLIAM DICKINSON, Efq. Part I. Vol. I. 145. Large Paper 11. 18. (See p. 249.) Newark printed; Cadell and Davies, London. The Baronetage of England; or, the Hiftory of the English Baronets, and fuch Baronets of Scotland as are of English Families, with genealogical Tables, and Engravings of their armorial Bearings. By the Rev. WILLIAM BEETHAM, Editor of the "Genealogical Tables of the Sovereigns of the World." 4to. Vol. I. (to confift of four volumes). 11. 10s. Miller.

The Annual- Register; or, a View of the Hiftory, Politics, and Literature, for the Year 1799. 8vo. 1os. 6d. Otridge and Son, Vernor and Hood.

The

The Hiftory of France, civil and military, ecclefiaftical, political, literary, commercial, &c. &c. from the Time of its Conqueft by Clovis, A.D. 486. By the Rev. ALEXANDER RANKEN, one of the Minifters of Glasgow. Vol. I. 8vo, gs. Cadell and Davies. An hiftorical Account of the Tranfactions of N. Bonaparté, Firft Conful ⚫ of the French Republic, from the Period he became Commander in Chief of the French Army in Italy, in April 1796, until the prefent, of his having compelled the Emperor of Germany, a fecond Time, to make Peace with the French Republic, and acknowledge its Independence, in February 1801. By GEORGE MACKERETH. 8vo. ' 35. Jones and Son. Memoirs of General Bonaparté, Chief Conful of the French Republic: detailing Circumftances that have taken place from his firft Introduction into public Notice, in 1796, until the Period of his having accomplished the Peace with Auftria, the Germanic Body, and Naples. 8vo. 38. Ridgway, Symonds.

The Beauties of Wiltshire, difplayed in statistical, historical, and defcriptive Sketches. Illuftrated by Views of the principal Seats, &c. with Anecdotes of the Arts. Вy JOHN BRITTON. 2 vols. 8vo. With 16 Views. 11. 4s. Royal 8vo. 11. 16s. (See p. 264.) Vernor and Hood.

.LAW.

Reports of Cafes argued and determined in the High Court of Chancery during the Time of Lord Chancellor Thurlow and of the feveral Lords Commiffioners of the Great Seal from 1778 to 1794. By WILLIAM BROWN, of the Inner Temple, Efq. Barrister at Law. Third Edition, corrected. 4 vols. Royal 8vo. 41. 48. bound. Brooke and Rider. A practical Treatife, or Compendium on the Law of marine Infurances. By JOHN ILDERTON BURN, of the Inner Temple. 8vo. 63. Boofey, Butterworth.

A Treatife on the Law of Bankruptcy, in Scotland. By GEORGE JOSEPH BELL, Efq. Advocate. 2 vols. Royal 8vo. 195. Manners and Miller, Edin- · burgh; Longman ånd Rees, London.

The Letters of Fabius to the Right Hon. William Pit, on his propofed Abolition of the Teft Acts, in favour of the Roman Catholics of Ireland. With an Appendix, containing Mr. Pitt's Speech, in Defence of thofe Laws, in the Year 1790; and alfo an Extract from Mr. Burke's Speech in the fame Debate. 8vo. 28.Cobbett and Morgan.

MISCELLANIES.

The Beauties of Sentiment; or, felect Extracts from the beft Authors, ancient and modern, on a great Variety of Subjects, divine and moral, lite rary and entertaining, on a Plan entirely new, with fynonymous Words, and a Definition of most of the Articles; alfo a Lift of the best Books on the principal Subjects. 2 vols. 12mo. bound. 9s. Symonds.

The Economy of Charity. By Mrs. TRIMMER. A new and enlarged Edition. 2 vols. Small 8vo. 96.Johnfon.

The Hampshire Repofitory. With eleven Plates. 8vo. Vol. II. 158. White.

The Spirit of the Public Journals, for 1800: being an impartial Selection of the most exquifite Ellays and Jeux d'Efprits, principally Profe, that appear in the Newspapers and other Publications. With explana tory Notes. Vol. IV. (To be continued annually.) 12mo. 6s. Ridg

way.

Oriental Dialogues; containing the Converfations of Eugenius and Alciphron, on the Spirit and Beauties of the facred Poetry of the Hebrews: felected from the German Dialogues and Differtations of the celebrated Herder. 8vo. 75. Cadell and Davies. A Letter to the Hon. Colonel Hanger, from an Attorney at Law. 8vo. 18.62. Debrett, Clarke and Son. Cautions to young Sportsmen. By Sir THOMAS FRANKLAND, Bart. Second Edition, with Additions. 12mo. Is. Rolfon.

The polite English Secretary; or, new Art of genteel Correspondence; con. taining a Courfe of interefting Letters on the moft important, inftruc-. tive, and entertaining Subiects. By the Rev. S. FORDICE, A. B. 12mo. IS. Symonds. Pp 2

An