phry Littleton (commonly called Red Humphry, because there was another Humphry Littleton befides), taking advantage of his fifter-in-law's ab'fence, about eleven o'clock in the night-time conveyed mafter Robert 'Winter and Stephen Littleton to Hagley Houfe, not making any one ' of his counsel but one John Fynes, alias Jobber, the cook, who had been his boy.

"Here you may call to mind the long time of their close confinement in feveral places, their hard bedding and diet, their want of raiment for 'fhifting, having in all this while 'neither fo much as put off their 'clothes; and being hourly in fear, 'they were void of all means otherwise 'to help themselves. Mafter Humphry gave them a hearty welcome, affuring them of the cook's faithful - 'fervice. However, notwithstanding, the next morning he betrayed them to the people of the village, who took them, trying to escape, in the ftableyard. The faid John Fynes, or Finwood, cook to Mrs. Lyttelton, had an annuity of forty marks for discovering the above two traitors, Robert Winter, Efq. and Stephen Littleton. Dated Weftminster, January 17, 1606.

"But Maifter Humphrey Lyttleton 'escaping from them, he was not long after arrested at Preftwood, from 'whence he was committed to Staf'ford gaol, Robert Winter and Ste'phen Lyttelton being fent up under a 'fufficient guard to London.

"The harbourers and relievers of 'these men being alfo difcovered not 'long after, there was a feffions holden 'at Wolverhampton, Sir Richard Lewk'ner fitting as judge. Holyhead and 'Smart were indicted and convicted of high treafon, and received fentence 'to be hanged, drawn, and quartered. "Maifter Humphrey Lyttelton, 'with Peck, and his man and maid, 'were affigned over for their trial at ! Worcester, where they alfo were convicted of high treason, and received the fame judgment, excepting the woman, who was fentenced to be 'burnt.

"The woman likewife has as yet been fpared, and other prifoners expected from London to have their trial in the country. Rumours have daily been spread abroad of these matters, and delivered according to the affections of the reporters; but 'what is here inferted hath come from fuch as have been thoroughly acquainted with the bufinefs, and have laboured to bring the truth to light."

"This house and eftate afterwards belonged to the family of Bendy, of Shutt End; and William Bendy, Efq. left two coheireffes, Margaret, wife of the Rev. Mr. Dolman, and Mary, married to John Hodgetts, Efq. Upon the divifion of the property, this old houfe went to Mr. Hodgetts, whofe fon John Hodgetts, of Preftwood, Efq. left it to his only daughter Eliza Maria, now the Hon. Mrs. Foley, of Preftwood, who fold it a few years fince to the prefent poffeffor, Mr. Peshall.”

P. 227.

LXIV. Hinckley's Translation of Link's Travels in Portugal, &c. (Continued from p. 319.)

LISBON-BULL-FIGHTS.

NEAR this theatre (Teatro do

Salitre) is the place used for bull-fights. It is moderately large, quadrangular, and furrounded with wooden balustrades and benches. On one fide are boxes for persons of rank, and one for the corregedor, who has the fuperintendance of it: the rest of the feats are divided into two parts, the fhady, and the funny fide, the former of which is the deareft, and confifts of wretched wooden benches rifing in an amphitheatre above each other. I have often been prefent at this exhibition, but I must confefs that the number of perfons of rank was very fmall, and that of unmarried ladies in confiderable; the place being filled with the middling and lower claffes. In fummer there were bull-fights al

moft

most every Sunday, from twelve to fifteen beafts being killed in an afternoon. In winter this amusement entirely ceafes. A few days before they commence, the managers announce them to the public, by proceffions on horfeback, like the profeffors of horfemanship in Germany. A fhort time before the bull-fight, they make various proceffions in the fquare, with foldiers in masks, and managed horfes who bend their knee and perform other tricks; alfo, feveral bulls are previously driven over the place of combat, which they teafe and irritate, but without killing them. The bulls intended for the fight are previously enraged and made wild, in a place at the entrance of the fquare. The points of their horns are guarded with knobs, fo that they can feldom do mifchief; notwithstanding which, a bull hurt one of the combatants fo feverely that he died fome time after. At the beginning of the combat, a man opens the door fo as to ftand behind it. Meanwhile the beaft rushes forward, and immediately attacks the torreador who is on horfeback, and has placed himself opposite to the door, but being accuftomed to avoiding him according to art, gives him a ftab with a lance. In one inftance I saw the beaft receive it in his neck, and inftantly fall down dead. If he miffes this blow he must not kill him, but another combatant on horfeback, and a great many on foot, irritate the beast on all fides, thus preventing him from purfuing any one in particular. This is a cruel amufement. They ftab him with pikes, and hang oblong pieces of wood with fharp iron hooks on his body, and frequently in fuch numbers that the blood rushes from him like a torrent. There is nothing fine in this exhibition but the rushing forth of the enraged beaft, or the paufes he fometimes makes in the middle of the fquare, where he tears up the earth and roars aloud as in defiance; but nothing is more difgufting than to fee a tame and cowardly beaft, that can fcarcely be provoked to combat. At length the prefident gives a fignal to kill the beaft: a capinho (fo called because his capa or cloak is of important ufe to him) attacks the beaft on foot with a drawn

fword, endeavouring, to provoke him to combat, as he must not kill him in any other way, and every thrust in the fide or behind would be dishonourable. He waves the red cloak. before the bull, who rushes at and bends his head down to vent his rage on the cloak, at which moment he receives the fatal blow in the nape of his neck. This however feldom happens the first attempt. Sometimes the capinho leaves his cloak behind him. In general the affiftants contribute to his fecurity, by throwing handkerchiefs or other things toward the bull, upon which he attacks these and leaves the man*.” P. 218.

MONASTERY OF BATALHA.

"WE came to a market-town (villa) called Aljubarota, on the long flat fummit of a mountain. It is a pretty large place, but confifts entirely of very fmall houses. Here, in 1386, John I. gained a great victory over the Spaniards, by which he maintained himself on the throne. He was a natural fon of Dom Pedro his predecef for; for Dom Fernando the laft king having only left a daughter who married the king of Caftile, this was fufficient ground for a jealous king of that country to make war with Portugal. It was this battle that, together with that of Campo de Ourique, established the independence of Portugal. moens, in the fourth canto of the Lufiad, minutely defcribes this battle in beautiful and truly picturefque language. Nuno Alvarez Pereira diftinguished himself in it, having previously engaged the great men of his country to fupport their new king. In memory of this victory, his Majefty founded the monaftery and church da Batalha, but at fome diftance from the field of battle, that it might enjoy a convenient fituation and plenty of water.

Ca

"The mountains near this monaftery are indeed lower, but it is so much concealed between hills that we did not perceive it till we approached very near. The fingularly built and open tranfparent tower ftrikes the eye, and pleafes by its noble proportions.

"Murphy fpeaks much at large of

this church, which is a masterpiece in its kind; and, as he is an architect, I fhall not decide after him. No one can deny that, on the whole, a nobler and better tafte reigns through the pile, than could be expected in the age when it was built; but the quantity of ornament destroyed this impreffion, at leaft in me. Murphy praifes it for not being overloaded with ornament; but I cannot conceive how this can be faid of a building, where both pillars and arches are covered with carved work. It is true, that on a narrow infpection this is executed in a light and tafty manner, but ftill it is mifplaced. Murphy adds, that the church is built of white marble; but an architect ought at leaft to know fo much of mineralogy, as to perceive that it is not marble, but a calcareous fpecies of fandftone. This kind of ftone appears in all parts of the furrounding mountains; while marble is not found for a confiderable diftance. Pefides, the edifice is unfinished. Under the prefent Queen, who is a great friend to all churches and monafteries, it was in agitation to complete it, but the undertaking was too expenfive.

"This monaftery is inhabited by Dominicans, and is rather poor than rich. The abbot was a polite friendly man, but wholly deftitute of science, and a mere monk. It is furrounded by a small villa, to which Lima affigns fix hundred houses; a number which certainly exceeds the truth." P. 279.

UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA.

"BOTH the students and the tutors wear a long black plain cloak, without fleeves, bound behind with bands, and adorned before from the neck to the foot with two rows of buttons fet on very thick. Over this is another long black cloak, with fleeves exactly fimilar to that of Proteftant priefts in Germany. Every one carries a small black cloth bag in his hand, in which are his handkerchief, fnuff-box, &c. as their drefs has no other pockets. The ftudents always go bareheaded, even in the burning heat of the fun; the tutors and graduates only wearing a black cap. The cloth used being very thin, this black drefs must be extremely inconvenient in fummer; but neither rank, nor age, nor business can excufe them from wearing it for whoever is seen in the VOL. V.-No. XLIX.

town without it is fined for the firft offence, and afterwards imprisoned. Hence,the fireets are conftantly full of men with these black dreffes, which gives the town a melancholy and monkish appearance. Pombal wished to abrogate this cuftom, but it was reprefented to him that much expenfe was thereby faved in dress, which indeed here cofts a mere trifle. tutors and ftudents live as with us in private houses, not as in many old univerfities, and even in England, in one building.

The

"Various public inftitutions now occupy the buildings of the ancient college of the Jefuits, which Pombal gave to the univerfity. It is fituated like all the other univerfity buildings in the higheft part of the town. The mufeum is inconfiderable, containing but few remarkable fpecimens, which Vandelli, when he fuperintended this inftitution, entirely arranged, even the minerals, according to the Linnean fyftem. But the collection of philofophical inftruments is good and confiderable, including many entirely new, especially from England. Thofe made in Portugal are chiefly of very fine brafil-wood, adorned with gilding, and fo arranged, that this collection is one of the moft brilliant of its kind. In mechanics it is very rich,,but extremely poor in electrical apparatus. The chemical laboratory is alfo very good, capacious and light, and, befides the objects generally found in fuch establishments, there is a pneumatic apparatus, and a collection of chemical preparations according to the new nomenclature. This building also contains a collection of chirurgical instruments.

"The public library fills a 'fmall church, the interior of which is very little altered; but it is not cafy to judge of a library without ftudying the catalogue. The number of volumes is confiderable; and from the defcription of the profeffor of botany, Brotero, it feems not to be deficient even in new works. Accordingly it is much visited and ufed by the ftudents.

"The obfervatory is well built, in an excellent fituation, in the upper part of the town, and is very convenient and neatly arranged. It only wants inftruments.

"The botanic garden is hot very large, and the greenhouse is small; but 3 A through

through the industry of its fuperintendant, the profeffor of botany Dom, Feliz de Avellar Brotero, is excellently regulated. This garden is without comparison more interefting than the royal botanic garden at Lisbon. Befide every plant is a flick bearing its name, as in the garden of Paris, and at firft fight the fpectator might almoft imagine he is viewing its counterpart. Befides many exotics, there is a confiderable collection of plants indigenous in Portugal, on which this excellent fuperintendant has made a number of very important botanical remarks, and no botanift can vifit it without inftruction.

"In fhort, the various inftitutions of the university of Coimbra are far from bad. It far excels the Spanish universities, not excepting that of Salamanca, if I may judge from what I have heard, both in Spain and Portugal, from the beft judges. There are indeed very many univerfities in Germany, which in this refpect are far inferior to this their Portugueze fifter, whom they defpife." P. 295.

THE COUNTRY ROUND COIMBRAINEZ DE CASTRO.

"THE country round Coimbra is uncommonly beautiful, and, though mountainous, extremely well cultivated. The mountains are covered with fmall pine-woods and even German oaks, the vallies watered by brooks, and full of gardens, quintas, neat fummer-houses, and even monafteries, and adorned with olive-trees, orangetrees, and the beautiful Portugueze cyprefs in abundance. The Mondego winds before the city; and on both fides of it is a narrow and very fruitful vale, which this rapid stream inundates in winter. In the distance on one fide are feen the high mountains of Loufao; and on the other the high mountain of Buffaco, whofe folitary fummit is adorned with a celebrated monaftery of Carmelites, and its quinta with high shady cypreffes. Thofe to whom the afcent is not too laborious, will here find the richest variety. Opposite to Coimbra, on the bank of the river, is the Quinta das lagrimas, or garden of tears, with a fountain of the fame name, which rifes at the foot of a hill fhaded by fine Portugueze cypreffes. Tradition fays that Dona Inez de Caf

tro lived there, and was there murdered. This lady, who was a Caftilian by birth, Dom Pedro fon and heir apparent to Alphonfo IV. loved, and is faid to have fecretly married at Braganza. He gave her this spot for her refidence, frequently vifited her, and fhe bore him three fons and a daughter. The paffion of the prince at length tranfpired; and his enraged father, inftigated by his courtiers, came fuddenly, while the prince was hunting, from Montemor o velho, not far from Coimbra, where he happened to stop, and caused her to be murdered. When Dom Pedro came to the throne, he gave orders to difinter the object of his paffion, and with his own hands placed the crown on her remains. He was very fevere toward those who had ftimulated his father to commit this murder, and even continued this severity throughout his reign; from which circumftance he was called o jufticeiro, fignifying, not the juft, which is justo, but the fevere. This appellation was particularly ufed by the priesthood, who were unfavourable to him. Inez and Dom Pedro fhowed great taste in the choice of this little spot, where Coimbra with the charming country around difplays itfelf to the eye. In the romantic valley of the Mondego, the quinta of tears forms a spot, over which fancy feems to hover in all her fportivenefs; and if poetry has ever fent forth a few sparks of radiance in Portugal, it has been the offspring of this charming vale.

"It is fingular that these beautiful materials have never highly fucceeded in poetry. Strong endeavours have been made to produce from it a tragedy, to which however the fubje&t is, by no means adapted, without confiderable alterations; for the whole tranfaction is confined to the moment, when the beautiful, the tender, and the happy Inez is murdered without the knowledge of the prince. Such a confpiracy against a peaceful woman, living in retirement at a distance from the court, attacked and murdered during the abfence of her lover, offers but little opportunity for the intricacy of a plot. There are, however, fever i Portugueze tragedies of this name, moft of them not without fome happy, and fome laughable paffages. La Mothe's Inez is defervedly forgotten; a German tragedy on the fame subject, it

may

may be hoped, will also foon fink into oblivion: the worft of all is an Italian opera, in which Inez is not killed, but the king, on interceffion being made, pardons her. Poefy has feldom produced fo miferable a piece." P. 302.

PORTUGUEZE JUSTICE.

"I CANNOT but here relate an incident which happened to us, because it gives an idea of the adminiftration of juftice in Portugal. At Thomar the Count of Hoffmannfegg with ed to embark for Lifbon. In this plan I found no attractions, and propofed to accompany a young Spaniard, the Count's fecretary, and the fervants, by land. But here we met with a difficulty; for we had only one paffport, in which the Count and myfelf were mentioned, together with his fuite*. We therefore went to the corregedor's, but he being abfent had intrufted his bufinefs to another person, who made no objection, faying the Count might proceed with the portaria; to which he added a declaration why the Count travelled alone, and without attendants, giving us at the fame time a paffport, in which he ftated that he had infpected the portaria, of which he briefly added the contents. With this passport we went to Santarem, where two officers of juftice (eferivaes +) immediately appeared, a clafs of men who throughout the country justly bear a very bad character, and demanded our paflports. They refused the declaration of the corregedor of Thomar, as every foreigner ought to have a pass from the intendant or a secretary of ftate. Both these men went to and fro, spoke fecretly together, then came back to us; and, in fhort, I obferved they wanted fome money, which however I feared to give them, left I fhould thereby render myself fufpected. At length they examined our pockets, and unfortunately found in mine a pointed knife, which being prohibited in Portugal, they threatened me with imprifonment. All this, however, was

not ferious; they fuffered us to eat our fupper in peace, and did not come till ten o'clock to fetch us to the juiz de fora. This gentleman, having a large company with him, fuffered us to wait a long time in his antichamber, whither he at length came, merely heard the efcrivaes, who faid, Here

6

are foreigners who have no regular 'passport,' and laconically replied, "To 'prifon. I requested him to read our papers, but he replied, My orders are given to prifon.' Thither the young Spaniard and myfelf were taken amid the sport of the efcrivaes, but no one troubled himself about our fervants and baggage. At first we were put into a decent room; but the efcrivaes spoke a few words foftly to the gaoler, who then obliged us to go down some steps into another chamber. This was a fhocking place; a horrid stench attacked us, for the privy was fituated there; and I foon perceived, with horror, that we were in the fame room with criminals. Even now, when I reflect on this wretched moment, I can fcarcely reftrain my feelings; and it particularly vexed me to be told, that it was contrary to good manners to wear my hat. At length I fent to the gaoler to know if we could have another room by paying for it. This was all that was wanted; and we were now fhown into a good room, our fervants were permitted to attend us, and the gaoler allowed us to go into his apartment. I was also permitted to fend meffengers to Thomar and Lifbon.

"At first people seemed difpofed to let us remain in prifon. Among the prifoners were a number of Spanish merchants, who had remained there several weeks from the fame caufe as ourselves, and had only been once examined fince their firft imprisonment. A poor Italian, who was ill, chiefly attracted my pity. He had been brought here becaufe his palport did not agree with the laft orders: his money was spent, the poor man was forgotten, and I faw no means of libe

+ "Notaries,"