Women in Parliament: Beyond NumbersJulie Ballington, Azza M. Karam This updated edition of Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers Handbook covers the ground of women's access to the legislature in three steps: It looks into the obstacles women confront when entering Parliament be they political, socio-economic or ideological and psychological. It presents solutions to overcome these obstacles, such as changing electoral systems and introducing quotas, and it details strategies for women to influence politics once they are elected to parliament, an institution which is traditionally male dominated. The first Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers handbook was produced as part of IDEA's work on women and political participation in 1998. Since its release in English in 1998, there has been an ongoing interest and demand for the handbook, and responding to the request for the translation of the handbook, IDEA has produced Spanish, French and Indonesian language versions and a Russian overview of the handbook during 2002-2003. Since the first handbook was published, the picture regarding women's political participation has slowly changed. Overall the past decade has seen gradual progress with regard to women's presence in national parliaments. This second edition incorporates relevant global changes in the past years presenting new and updated case studies.-- |
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2003 elections 30 percent agenda Arab Argentina Assembly Bangladesh CALIFORNIA/SANTA CRUZ campaign challenges closed lists constitution countries CRUZ The University cultural decision-making democracy democratic Ecuador effect electoral district electoral system electoral thresholds Enhancing Women's ensure experience feminist Frene Ginwala gender equality gender quotas Handbook impact implementation important increase women's indigenous women Indonesia institutions Inter-Parliamentary Union International IDEA Latin America leadership legislature male Matland National Parliaments nominating Nordic countries number of women obstacles parliamentary party lists political parties positions PR systems programmes promote proportional representation quota law quota system recruitment region representation of women reserved seats role rules Rwanda social strategies University Library UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA/SANTA vote voters women candidates women elected Women in Parliament women in politics women MPs women parliamentarians women's issues women's movement women's organizations women's participation women's political participation women's representation Yemen