hall, sufficiently capacious for the Wardmote | prynte, utter, sell, reade, or keape, or cause to Inquest, a great parlour, a council-chamber (in which were nine historical paintings, and at least two portraits,) kitchen, buttery, and several warehouses; over which were rooms let out to different tenants; among whom were, in 1557, be wrytten, &c. any of the sayde bookes, or any booke, or books, wrytten, or printed in the Latten, or Englyshe tonge, concernynge the common service sett forth in Englyshe, to be used in the churches of this realme, in the tyme of Kinge Edward the VI. commonly called the Communyon Booke, but shall wythin the space of fyfteen dayes next after the publicatyon of this proclamatyon, bring, or delyver, or cause the sayd bookes, and everye of them remayneing in their custodies, and kepinge, to be broughte, and delyvered to thordinarye of the dioces, to his chauncelloure, or commssarves, The records of the company contain a particular account of its furniture in 1557, for which see Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii. p. 356. 1555, June 6. The following proclamation was issued against printing, vending, or possess-withoute fraude, colour, or deceipte, at the sayde ing heretical books. ordinaries will and disposition to be burnte, or "Whereas dyvers books, filled both with otherwyse to be usyde, orderyd, as by the heresye, sedition, and treason, have of late, canons, in that case lymyted and apoynted. --and be dayly brought into this realme, out of And their Majestyes by this proclamatyon geveth forreigne countrys, and places beyond the seas, full power aucthorytie to all byshops, and ordyand some also covertly printed within this realme, naryes, and all justices of peace, mayors, -&c. and caste abroad in sundry partes thereof,-the--- and expresslye commaundeth,--- that they, king's and queen's majesties, doth by this thyr present proclaymation declare and publysh to all theyr subjects, that whosoever shall, after the proclaymation hereof, be found to have any of the sayd wicked and seditious books, or fynding them, do not forthwith burne the same, without shewing or readyng the same to any other person, shall in that case bee reputed and taken for a rebell, and shall without delaye be executed for that offence, according to thorder of martiall law." Seven days after the above, the following proclamation was issued; which after reciting the substance of the statute of the second of Henry IV. enjoins:-"That no person or persons of what estate, degree, or condytion soever he or they be, from henceforthe presume to bringe, or convey, or cause to be broughte and conveyed, into this realme anye bookes, wrytinges, or workes hereafter mentyoned; that ys to saye, any booke, or bookes, wrytinges, or workes, made or sett fourthe by, or in the name of Martyn Luther; or any booke, or bookes, wrytinges, or works, made or sett forthe by, or in the name of Oecolampadyus, Sivinglius, John Calvyn, Pomerane, John Alasco, Bullynger, Bucer, Melancthon, Barnardinus Ochinus, Erasmus Sarcerius, Peter Martyr, Hughe Latymer, Roberte Barnes, otherwyse called Freere Barnes, John Bale, otherwise called Freere Bale, Justus, Jonas, John Hoper, Miles Coverdale, William Tyndale, Thomas Cranmer, late archebyshop of Canterburye, Wylliam Turner, Theodore Basyll, otherwyse called Thomas Beacon, John Frythe Rove; and the book commonly called Halles Cronicles; or any of them in the Latyn tonge, Duche tonge, English tonge, Italyan tonge, or French tonge, or any other lyke booke, paper, wrytinge, or wourke, made, prynted, or sett forth by any other persone or persons, conteyninge false doctryne, contrarye, and agaynste the catholyque faythe, and the doctryne of the catholyque churche. And also, that no persone, or persons presume to wryte, and everie of theim, within their several lymyts and jurisdictions, shall in the defaulte and neglygence of the said subjects, after the sayd fvftene dayes expyred, enquyer, and serche oute the sayde bookes, wrytings, and works, and for this purpose enter into the howse, or howses, clossetts, and secrete places of everye person of whatsoever degree, being negligente in this behalf, and suspected to kepe anye suche booke, wrytinge, or workes, contrarye to this proclamatyon." 1555. Printing introduced into the city of WATERFORD, in Ireland. Three specimens of early typography are assigned to this city; two of them are given by Ames, and repeated by Herbert, upon the authority of Maunsell's catalogue. The first of these three rare articles is entitled, The acquittal or purgation of the moost catholyke Christen prince, Edwarde the VI. kyng of Englande, Fraunce, and Irelande, &c. and of the Churche of England refourmed and governed under hym, agaynst al suche as blasphemously and traittorously infame hym or the sayd Churche, of heresie or sedicion : written by John Olde, an exile for the protestant religion under queen Mary. It contains signature G in eights, and has on the recto of the last leaf, Emprinted at Vauterford the .7. daye of Novembre, 1555. The second is, An Epistle written by John Scory the late bishope of Chichester unto all the faythfull that be in pryson in Englande, or in or other trouble for the defence of Goddes true This is a still smaller treatise, containing onl two sheets in eights, and has no other colophe than this, Anno. 1555. But the letter, pape and press-work exactly correspond to those John Olde's work above mentioned, and the tw were unquestionably executed at the same tin and place. That place, however, says Dr. Cotto was not Waterford: nor, I fear, can we cla for this city so early an acquaintance with t * These two books, bound in one, was sold at the sai sir M. Sykes, for £19 19s. Copies are in the Bodleian steries of the art of printing. At what period tion of it, that, when attending the council of art was introduced, I am not prepared to say. Trent, he came to Paris for the special purpose The third Waterford book, Dr. Cotton says, of inducing her to undertake his second volume, ntered in the catalogue of Trinity college Catena in Exodum; which she completed with ary, Dublin, as follows: Archbishop Cranmer's great elegance and beauty, anno 1555. One of futation of unwritten verities, 8°. Waterford, her most interesting impressions has escaped the 5. This little tract, however, Dr. Cotton notice of Chevillier and of Maittaire, viz. her her observes, is not now to be found there; fine Novum Testamentum Gr. Lat. Erasmi, 8vo, ing disappeared, probably, in company with which she executed for Bogard in 1543. The ral other choice books, which were purloined Greek Lexicon of the professor Tusanus was at a the library by a confidential servant, a few least finished by her: having been undertaken by s ago. For the part which the Waterford Bogard, who, with his wife, died during the imses played during the disastrous days of pression. Frederic Morel for some time presided 1, the reader may refer to that year, post. as corrector of the press of Charlotte Guillard. 556, Died, SEBASTIAN GRYPHIUS, a cele- The office "sub sole aureo" maintained its high led printer of Lyons, in France. He was a reputation long after her decease: and in 1576, man, and born at Suabia, near Augsburg, in produced in five large volumes folio, the mag3. He performed the duties of his pro-nificent Corpus Juris civilis, of which Chevillier ion with so much honour as to receive the speaks in terms of the highest admiration, prorobation of the most learned men. Gryphius nouncing it the most pleasing and finished specillowed to have restored the art of printing at men of the art that ever came under his obns, which was before exceedingly corrupted; servation. the great number of books printed by him valued by the connoisseurs. He printed y books in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, and editions are no less accurate than beautiful. was observed, that Robert Stephens was a good corrector, Colinæus a very good prinbut that Gryphius was both an able printer corrector. He was succeeded by his son hony Gryphius, who printed a Latin Bible 1550, with the largest types that had then a seen, in 2 vols. folio, and continued to port the reputation of the family. RANCIS GRYPHIUS, a brother of the above, a printer at Paris, and no less celebrated in annals of typography. If what Peignot be true, Francis Gryphius did not exercise art beyond the year 1540; consequently the icon Græco-Latinum jam recens in lucem ium, 4to., might be his only Greek impresL. Francis used in his Latin impressions the an character, and Sebastian the italic. Their I known device was a Griffin. 556, Died, CHARLOTTE GUILLARD. "The 1556. Henry II.* of France enacted, that one copy of every book, to which the royal privilege was extended, printed upon vellum, and handsomely bound, should be deposited in the royal library of Paris. It is believed that Diana of Poictierst suggested the idea to the king for this act. Under the reign of Henry II. it is that we must look for the celebrated bindings of France in this century. The books bound for this prince are distinguished by his insigna, or by his initial H. interwoven with that of his mistress Diana of Poictiers HD. How far the taste of Grolier may have influenced, or whether he had any direction in the binding of the books of Henry, is not satisfactorily determined. Eight hundred volumes now remain, which attest the merit of the workmen. The most splended portion of the bindings of Henry, are those from the fine library at Arnet, erected by the accomplished Diana of Poictiers, who in her unbounded love for books availed herself of the devotion of two kings of France, to enrich her own library with the choicest treasures of theirs. When we consider the wealth she could bestow, and her influence over Henry, we need not wonder at the beauty of the bindings belonging to her library. The embellishments are in good taste, being principally composed of lines, interwoven with the initials before referred to, bows, quivers, arrows, and the crescent, emblems of the goddess Diana, whose name she bore. Of the elegance of some of her books, the binding of a copy of the French version of the Cosmography of Sebastian Munster, in the public library of Caen, in Normandy, remains as evidence. It is as splendid as it is curious. It contains two portraits of Henry II. and four of Holofernes on each side of the binding. In the centre of the sides are the usual ornaments above referred to, but on the back are five portraits of Diana, in gilt, each within the bands. There are also on the sides two pretty medallions of a winged figure blowing a trumpet, and standing upon a chariot drawn by four horses, with the date 1553. * as proper an object of elegant ornament, as the head of a cane, the hilt of a sword, or the latchet of a shoe. 1556. ROBERT TOYE resided at the sign of the Bell, in St. Paul's church yard, and was a member of the ancient stationers' company, though he died before they received a charter from Philip and Mary. He is thought to have died early in the year 1556, and the records of the company mention that its members" received of Mrs. toye the xij daye of ffebruary for a reward to the companye for comynge to the buryall of hyr husband Mr.Toye xxs." His widow seems to have carried on his business after his decease, from the entry of several copies of ballads allow At this period, it was common to decorate, not only their common books, but books of devotion, with the portraits of their favourite minions and ladies in the character of saints, and even of the Virgin Mary and Jesus. Charles V. emperor of Germany, however pious he effected to be, had a missal painted for his mistress by Albert Durer, the borders of which are crowded with extravagant grotesques, consisting of apes, which were sometimes elegantly sportive, giving clysters to one another, and in more offensive attitudes, noted to her, on the stationers' books, which are adapted to heighten the piety of the royal mistress. This missal has two French verses written by the emperor himself, who does not seem to have been ashamed of his present. In a missal once appertaining to the queen of Louis XII. of France, may be seen a mitred ape, giving its benediction to a man prostrate before it; a keen reproach to the clergy of those times. But this practice was particularly prevalent in the reign of Henry III.† who held the reins of government with a loose hand, and sanctioned every kind of debauchery. The images, prints, and miniatures, with which the catholic religion has occasion to decorate its splendid ceremonies, were frequently consecrated to the purposes of love: they have been so many votive offerings worthy to have been suspended in the temple of Idalia. Pope Alexander VI. had the images of the Virgin made to represent some of his mistresses; the famous Vanozza, his favourite, was placed on the altar of Sancta Maria del Popolo ; and Julia Farnese furnished a subject for another Virgin. Herne affirms, that the statuaries made the queen of Henry III. a model for the face of the Virgin Mary. And also, that the Virgin Mary was generally made to bear a resemblance to the queens of the age, which, no doubt, produced some real devotion among the courtiers. The manners of our country, says D'Israeli, were rarely tainted with this licentiousness, although an innocent tendency may be observed towards it, by examining the illuminated manuscripts of our ancient metrical romances: while we admire the vivid colouring of these splendid manuscripts, the curious observer will perceive that almost every heroine is represented in a state which appears incompatible with her reputation. Most of these works, it is believed, were executed by French artists. In remarking on the taste for the exterior decorations of books, Mr. Roscoe, in his Life of Lorenzo de Medici, says, "it is perhaps difficult to discover, why a favourite book should not be Born at Ghent, February 24, 1500, declared emperor entitled "to John Wallye and Mrs. Toye, these ballets folowynge." She appears also to have contributed to all the company's collections for their establishment and public dinners, and to have paid for one of the glazed windows to the hall. In 1558 Mrs. Toye received a sole license to print the Latin Catechism: and in 1560 she presented her company with a new table cloth and a dozen of napkins, after which there is not any memorial of her until 1569, when her son Humphrey paid £4. to the stationers, as “the bequeste of Mrs. Elizabeth Toye, widowe." Robert Toye printed fourteen works between the years 1541 and 1555. BALLADS, By John Wallye and the Widow of Robert Toy. 1. Women beste whan they be at Reste. 2. I will haue a wydow yf euer I marye. 3. The Daye of the lorde ys at hande. 4. A ballet of thomalyn. 5. Betwene a ryche farmer and his daughter. 6. Of the talke betwene ij maydes. 7. The murnynge of Edwarde Duke of buckyngham. 8. A mayde that wolde mary with a seruynge man Whan raging loue. 9. Who lyue so merry & make such sporte, as they that be of the poorer sorte. 10. An Epytaph vpon the deathe of kynge Edwarde ye sexte. 11. A ballet of good wynes. 12. Of the louer and the byrde. 13. To morrow shall be my fathers wake. 14. Of the Ryche man and poor lazarus. 17. A ballett of a mylner. 18. God send me a wyffe that will do as I saye. 19. I will no more go to the plough. With another new 20. Admonyssion to leaue swerynge. 22. In wynters juste retorne. 23. Yf euer I mary J will mary a mayde. 24. And in those dayes then I saye then, knaues that be now wilbe come honest men. 25. Yt was a may in ago truly. 26. The Rose is from my garden goone. 27. 28. ij ballets: Yf Care maye crye. The sorrowes tha 29. Of a man that wolde be vnmaryed agayne. 1556. JOHN REYNES was an eminent printe bookseller, and bookbinder, who dwelt at th by the electoral voices, June 29, 1529; died September 21, sign of the George, in St. Paul's church yan 1558, and was buried in the Escurial.-Refer to Robertson's Life of this relentless foe of the Reformation. + Born at Fontainbleau, Sept. 12, 1661; assassinated July 22, 1589. about the year 1527, if not previous. A fe books are said to have been printed by him, a others for him; but there are many more th have his marks, and pretty devices on their covers; as arms and supporters of Jesus Christ, with these words, redemptoris mundi armi. He was a large dealer, and bound books for others as well as himself. The time of his death is unknown; Herbert could not discover any of his works subsequent to the year 1544; but in 1557, he found that when John Cawood, the servant of John Reynes, became warden of the stationers' company, he paid "for ii new glasse windowes in their hall, the one for John Reynes his master, and the other for hymselfe," whence he concluded that he was deceased, and that his window was a gift or legacy to his brethren. At the close of the wardens' accounts in July, 1561, in an inventory of the company's furniture, is "a picture of John Reynes, master to John Cawode" also, "a picture of John Cawode," but the fate of them is unknown. The typographical devices of Reynes were, properly speaking, two small shields with his initials and his monogram; the latter of which was as follows: But they were commonly introduced in a large design, which he embossed upon the covers of his books, consisting of what are usually called "the arms of Christ." This design is formed of a parallelogram surrounded by double lines, and borders of scroll and ornamental work, and shaped ke an arch within, under which is placed a shield charged with the emblems of Christ's passion, at the cross, inscription and crown of thorns; the hammer, nails, and pincers; the spears, sponge, and dice; the garment, money, anthorn, sepulchre, &c. The escutcheon is supported by two unicorns, which stands upon a scroll bearing the motto Redemptoris Mundi Armi, in rude Saxon capitals. Above the shield is a very rich full-faced black helmet, surroundd by a mantling, and the pillar, scourges, and exck, as a crest. On each side of the crest are the two shields above mentioned. These religious ensigns are to be found in very many Missals, Offices, Book of Hours, both manuscript and printed. 1556, May 4. The Company of Stationers do Got appear to have had any authority granted em with relation to printed books, as an inrporated body, till they received their first arter from Philip and Mary of this day, by the tie of "The master and keepers, or wardens, Ld commonality, of the mystery or art of the stationers of the city of London.* This charter was renewed by Elizabeth, in 1588; amplified by Charles II., in 1684; and confirmed by William and Mary, in 1690, which is the existing charter of the company. The powers granted to them by these charters are of such a nature as would not be very fit to be acted upon in the present times. They had the rights of the inquisition itself over all literary compositions-might search houses for any books which they deemed obnoxious to the state, or their own interests— might enter, as often as they pleased, any place, house, shop, chamber, or building, belonging to any stamper, printer, binder, or seller of any manner of books-might seize, take away, have, burn, or convert to their own use whatever they should think was printed contrary to the form of any statute, act or proclamation, made or to be made! and these odious privileges were often acted upon, as may be seen in the lives of the early printers, and in the company's accounts. The charter was signed by the names of ninety-four members of the commonalty. THOMAS DOCKWRAY, Master. JOHN CAWOOD & HENRY COKE, Keepers or Wardens Freemen, or Commonalty: William Bonham Richard Waye Reynold Wolf Nicholas Taberner Michael Ubley, alias William Ryddall John Walley Andrew Hertes Richard Richardson William Marten Edward Sutton Thomas Parker John Bonham John Gough John Daye John Whitney Simon Spylman William Baldwyn William Coke John Kewell Robert Broke Thomas Sawyer Charles Walley Thomas Patenson Thomas Mershe Richard Tottell Ralph Tyer Edward Broune Nicholas Clifton Richard Harvey William Norton Richard Grene Thomas Beyden John Alday George Brodehead Thomas Gee Richard Kevell, Junior Thomas Skeroll * An original record, intituled, "Incorporatio Artis Stationers, in Civitate Londoniæ," is preserved in the records of the Exchequer, 2 Pars Original. 2 and 3 Philip and Mary; and in 5 Pars Original. 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, Rot. 36. The government of the company was vested by these charters, and still continues, in a master, two wardens, and a court of assistants,* who under their several charters pay £200 a year in pensions and charitable donations; to which much larger sums have been added by the benefactions of individual members. Their trading concerns are managed by a regular committee, consisting of nine members; namely, the master and wardens for the time being, and six other stock holders. The expense of obtaining the charter will appear by the following extracts from their records: The chargis layde oute for our corporation: 1556. THOMAS BERTHELET was the second professor of typographer after Richard Pinson who enjoyed the office of king's printer, and the first for whom a patent is extant. His salar was four pounds yearly, and in his grant of arms preserved in the herald's college, he is calle "Thomas Berthelet of London, esquyre, gentill man." He died, as it has been ascertained from the stationers' company, about Christmas 1556 His residence was in Fleet-street, at the sign o the Lucretia Romana, an elegant engraving which, with his own name upon a scroll, he use as a device. Many books were printed at hi expense in Paris, and it is supposed that both h and his widow, Margery Berthelet, employe others to print for them in London. He printe or caused to be printed one hundred and forty seven works. Thomas Powel had manage Berthelet's business for some time previous his death, and at length succeeded him both i his dwelling and his occupation. 1556. Cardinal Pole appointed commissione to visit the two universities, and reform the according to the views of the papal hierarchy At Cambridge they burnt the bodies of Mart Bucer and Paul Fagius, with their books an through all the colleges, and burnt all the En heretical writings. At Oxford, the visitors we lish Bibles, and such books as they deeme heretical. They took up the body of Pet Martyr's wife, and buried it in a dunghill, b cause having once been a nun, she broke h vows by marriage, but her body was afterwar taken up again in queen Elizabeth's time, a mixed with the bones of St. Frideswide. Mr. Nichols says, "and a court of assistants;" but no such words are to be found in any one of the charters or renewals. The assistants were therefore created by one of those "ordinances, provisions, and laws," which by clause V, of the first charter, they were empowered to make. These bye-laws are, however, kept from the commonalty: they have nothing to do but to obey them.Hansard. † Azure, on a chevron Or, between three Bibles lying fessewise Gules, garnished, leaved, and clasped of the second i.e. the clasps downwards,) an eagle rising proper, enclosed by two roses Gules, seeded Or, barbed Vert; from the top of the chief a demi-circle of glory, edged with clouds proper; therein a dove displayed Argent; 1556, July 31, Died, Ignatius Loyola, t founder of the order of "The Society of Jesu whence the denomination Jesu-ists, or Jesui and which has been well described as "the m political and best regulated of all the monas orders; and from which mankind have deriv more advantages and received greater injury th from any other of those religious fraternitie Loyola died in the 65th year of his age, a having lived to see his society spread over alm the whole world, and possessing above one h dred colleges. over the head a circle of the last. Crest: on a wreath, a Bible open proper; clasped and garnished Or. Motto: Verbum Domini mauet in æternum. Francis Xavier, called by the Roman Cat lics, "the Apostle of the Indies," was of a no Spanish family, and born in Navarre, at castle of Xavier, in 1506. He was the ca and faithful friend and disciple of Igna Loyola. He died December, 2, 1552. 1557. NICHOLAS BOURMAN was an origi member of the stationers' company, and on their renter wardens, or collectors, in conjunc with Thomas Purfoot, in 1557-58. His r dence was in Aldersgate-street. He pri four works. 1557. HENRY COOKE, warden of the stat ers' company gave ten quires of royal pape make the two earliest accompt books, w were bound at the cost of Thomas Dowksv The value of the paper was 11s. 8d. 1557. Several of the learned exiles who fled from England during the reign of M |