The Works of John Owen

The end of the death of Christ in respect of himself, his own exaltation not meri-
toriously procured by it. The end of it in respect of his Father: not that
God might save sinners his justice being satisfied. God can forgive sin by his
absolute power without satisfaction. The end of the death of Christ in respect

of God (assigned by Arminians) totally destructive to redemption; the whole

work made thereby fruitless. The opinion of universalists.

CHAP. III.

The immediate end of the death of Christ discovered, places of Scripture con-

sidered, holding out the intention and counsel of God in respect of the end

of the death of Christ: other places holding out the actual accomplishment

of his death others likewise designing the persons for whom he died. The

force of the word many: the argument from thence vindicated from the excep-

tions of Thomas More. Of Rom. v. 19. Who the sheep of Christ, who not.

John x. 10, 11. 15. 26. opened and vindicated ; with the vanity of the distinc-

tions invented to wave the force of this argument, laid open..

CHAP. IV.

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284

... 290

Of impetration and application, the sense wherein this distinction is used by

our adversaries; their various expressions about it. The true meaning of it.

Application the end of impetration: their strict connexion, and the way

whereby in the Scriptures they are held forth. The sense of the adversaries in

it explained. Their whole opinion discovered in sundry observations; and

the main question rightly stated in the sense of the several parties at va-

riance.

307

CHAP. V.

Again of impetration and application; the exposition of the Arminians enervat-

ed by sundry arguments; the whole bottom of their fabric everted.

BOOK III.

CHAP. I.

The first argument against universal redemption: The nature of the covenant

of grace. The main difference between the old covenant and new.
The se-

cond argument against universal redemption: the death of Christ not re-

vealed to all. The whole undertaking fruitless without revelation. This not

done, therefore not intended

320

325

CHAP. II.

The third argument against universal redemption: Christ purchased redemption

either absolutely or on condition; neither way suitable to universal redemp-

tion. Christ's intention at his death, according to our adversaries. The pur-

port of God's commands to believe. The fourth argument against universal

redemption: God's eternal purposes distinguishing all the sons of men into

Christ died only for the elect. The fifth argument against uni-

versal redemption: Christ no where in the word said to die for all men..

two sorts.

350

CHAP. III.

The sixth argument against universal redemption: Christ in dying for men a
surety. The nature of a surety. Satisfaction attends suretiship. The inten-
tion of Christ, in being a surety. The necessary consequents of such an un-

dertaking. Dilemma to universality. The seventh argument from Christ,

his being a Mediator for them for whom he died.

CHAP. IV.

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337

The eighth argument against universal redemption: the blood of Christ the

cause of sanctification, and how. The sacrifice of expiation with what was

signified by it: vain attempt of Arminius to evade this argument. Rom. vi. 5,

6. considered. How the promises are confirmed in Christ. Sanctification. The in- !

tendment and procurement of the death of Christ, in what kind it is the cause

thereof the Spirit of holiness the efficient cause of it. The death of Christ

the meritorious; both total in their several kinds; simile of a prisoner. Ar-

gument the ninth against universal redemption: faith the fruit of the death

of Christ. The necessity of faith to salvation. Option and choice yielded

our adversaries as to this particular. In what sense faith is not a fruit of the

death of Christ. Dilemma to universalists, Absurd consequences of denying

faith subjective to be a fruit of Christ's death. Five arguments from Scripture

to prove it so to be. The tenth argument against universal redemption: who

and what persons were typed by the Israelites in their deliverance, and en-

trance into Canaan..

341

CHAP. V.

The eleventh argument against universal redemption: universal redemption

inconsistent with those expressions whereby that which Christ wrought by his

death is set out in the Scripture. Those expressions; redemption, the nature

of it, and wherein it consisteth. Difference between civil and spiritual redemp-

tion, wherein they agree; definition of it, and arguments from thence. .... 352

CHAP. VI.

The twelfth argument against universal redemption: Reconciliation, what it is,

wherein it consisteth. Sense of the word. Corruption of the Socinians. What

is required to perfect reconciliation. Rom. v. 10, 11. opened. What is required

to the completing of this work. Dilemma from thence..

CHAP. VII.

The thirteenth argument against universal redemption of the satisfaction of

Christ; the use and importance of the word, whence derived; what is re-

quired thereunto. Six things herein necessary; the satisfaction of Christ prov-

ed from the Old Testament and New, Words in the original languages an-

swering that in ours. That Christ by satisfaction paid the same thing that

was the debt, proved against Grotius: his reasons to the contrary discuss-

ed and answered. Pardon of sin, not inconsistent with such satisfaction.

Wherein the free grace of pardon lieth. The act of God in this work of sa-

tisfaction. 1. Of creditorship by severe justice exacting the due debt. 2. Of

supreme dominion or sovereignty. Both these proved against Grotius. Ar-

guments from hence..

CHAP. VIII.

Digression about the satisfaction of Christ. The occasion of it. The ground

of a great error in this business: God's eternal unchangeable love not incon-

VOL. V.
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sistent with satisfaction. Sundry observations thereabouts. What that eter-

nal love is. What alteration wrought thereby in the person loved. Appre-

hension of God's eternal love, not justification. How those who are eternally

loved do actually lie under effects of wrath. What those effects are. John

iii. 36. considered...

....

371

CHAP. IX.

Farther of the satisfaction of Christ: Six arguments to confirm it from Scrip-

ture: how Christ bare our sins. He underwent punishment in our stead. A

commutation of persons asserted. Ransom paid into the hands of God. The

ransom is also a sacrifice. Christ a surety. Atonement made for sin and

God reconciled. Rom. v. 11. The priestly office of Christ, and the exercise

of it, overthrown by denial of his satisfaction. That Christ underwent the

wrath of God, proved by three arguments. Satisfaction of Christ, the only

bottom for distressed souls. 2 Cor. v. 21. considered; as also Isa. liii. 5.

Objections against this doctrine weak.

378

СНАР. Х.

The fourteenth argument against universal redemption of the merit of Christ;

the word what it means. How expressed in the Scripture. What it is.

The fruits of the merit of Christ. The consequence of merit in the rigour of

justice. The fifteenth argument against universal redemption: to die for an-

other what in the Scripture sense. The force of the prepositions Tèg and

avri; arguments from thence..

387

CHAP. XI.

The sixteenth argument against universal redemption. Gen. iii. 15. Matt. vii.

33. xi. 25. John x. 11. 15, 16. 27, 28. Rom. viii. 32-35. Eph. i. 7.

2 Cor. v. 21. John xvii. 9. Eph. v. 25. urged and explained. The close of

the arguments

BOOK IV.

CHAP. I.

Entrance into general answers to arguments for universal redemption: the
ground of the whole mistake. Fundamental principles as to this business
laid down. The first, the sufficiency and infinite virtue of the blood of Christ
proved from the word. The rise and causes of it. Whence it is a price. The
distinction of the sufficiency and efficacy of the death of Christ discussed.
The slight esteem universalists have of the innate efficacy of Christ's death.
The general publishing of the gospel grounded on the fulness of the value of
Christ's oblation. The bottom of calling all to believe. The second, of the
economy of the New Testament in the times of the gospel. Consequences
of its enlargement to the Gentiles. Scripture expressions thereby occasioned.
The third, man's duty and God's purpose distinguished: no connexion be-
tween them. Commands not declarative of God's intentions. The offer in
the gospel what it discovers. Some to be saved where the gospel comes. Three
things declared by the offer. The fourth, the persuasion of the Jews concern-