History of Humanity: From the Seventh to the Sixteenth CenturyVolume IV deals with the 'Middle Ages'. It starts with the expansion of Islam and closes with the discovery of the New World. Various events during this period led to a significant expansion in communications: the rapid spread of Islam and of Gengis Khan's Mongol Empire, as well as the Crusades and the development of trans-Saharan and maritime routes around Africa to the Indian Ocean, leading to multiplied exchanges between the peoples and cultures of Africa, Asia and Europe. |
Contents
List of Figures | 16 |
List of Maps | 22 |
List of Plates | 25 |
PREFACE | 68 |
FOREWORD | 71 |
GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 84 |
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION | 87 |
THE CONTRIBUTORS | 89 |
INTRODUCTION | 98 |
THEMATIC SECTION | 110 |
REGIONAL SECTION | 489 |
The Configuration of European Personality | 562 |
The Muslim World and its Arabian Zone | 677 |
The Asian World | 898 |
The African Continent | 1181 |
Civilizations of the Americas | 1310 |
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Abbasid Abū Africa al-Andalus al-Dīn Alī Almohad Almoravids Anatolia Andalusian Arabic architecture areas astronomy Baghdad became Buddhism Byzantine Byzantium caliphate Carolingian Central Asia centres China Chinese Christian Church cities civilization conquest Constantinople cultural developed divine dynasty early East Eastern economic Egypt eighth century eleventh century emperor Empire established Europe European Fatimid fifteenth century fourteenth century Greek groups ḥadīth Herāt human important India influence Iran Iranian Iraq Islamic world Khurāsān king Kitāb land language later Latin literary literature Maghrib major medieval Mediterranean military Mongol mosque Muḥammad Muslim ninth nomads North northern Ottoman period Persian philosophical Plate poetry poets political population Prophet Qur'ān regions religion religious Roman rulers Saint Sāmānid Sasanian scholars schools Seljuk seventh Slavs social society Spain spread sultanate Syria Tājīk tenth century thirteenth century trade tradition translated Transoxania tribes Turkic Turkish Turks twelfth century Umayyad urban West Western