Which are the Southern States? How many are there? Which is the most northern of the Southern States? Which is the most western? How many of them border on the Atlantic? Which is the largest of the Southern States? Which is the smallest? What territory is included in the Southern States?

The Southern States, in extent of territory, far surpass the Eastern or Middle States, and are distinguished for their valuable productions, numerous slaves, and for the amount of their exports.

The eastern part of the Southern States, varying from 60 to 200 miles in breadth, is a low, sandy plain, and generally barren, except near the rivers and bays. This section abounds in pine forests, and is usually termed "the Pine Barrens." The interior is hilly and mountainous, and has a rich and productive soil. The climate, in the eastern part, is warm and unhealthy; in the interior it is mild and salubrious.

Wheat, tobacco, and Indian corn are the principal productions in the northern part; rice, cotton, and sugar in the southern; and pitch, tar, turpentine, and lumber in the eastern part.

The middle and western portions of these states are inhabited principally by farmers, who have few slaves and small estates, depending principally on their own labor for support. The eastern part, or low country, is occupied by planters. These live on large plantations, at a considerable distance from each other, and are supported by the labor of their slaves. They are usually well informed, polite, and remarkably hospitable. Their incomes are large, and they have much leisure to indulge in amusements. Hunting and dancing are favorite diversions, and music is cultivated with much diligence and success. The women are generally well educated, and usually possess refined manners and cultivated minds. Education however, is less generally diffused in the southern than in the northern states, and there is less of intellectual activity and of the spirit of enterprise and improvement.

The most important mineral found in the Southern States is gold. In 1831, there were coined at the mint of the United States, 518,000 dollars from the gold region of the Southern States. Of this amount of gold, 26,000 dollars were received from Virginia-294,000 dollars from North Carolina-22,000 dollars from South Carolina-and 176,000 dollars from Georgia. Gold has likewise been found in Alabama. Coal and iron are found in various parts, but more abun dant in Virginia than in any other of the Southern States.

MARYLAND.

How is Maryland bounded? What is its Capital?

Maryland, considering its extent and population, is one of the first commercial states in the Union. It is well watered by rivers emptying into Chesapeake bay, affording numerous facilities for inland navigation. In addition to these, the state is largely engaged in internal improvements. When these are completed, Baltimore will be one of the most favorable positions for foreign and domestic commerce in the United States.

The soil is well adapted to the growth of all sorts of grain, and a great variety of fruits. Its exports of flour and other bread stuffs, are immense. The staple production is tobacco.

It is divided into two parts by Chesapeake bay, called the eastern and western shore. The eastern

part is generally level; the western part is hilly and mountainous.

Towns.-ANNAPOLIS is a handsome and regular city, pleasantly situated on the Severn river, two miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay.

Baltimore is situated on the Patapsco river, 14 miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay. It has an extensive commerce, both foreign and inland, and may be considered the best flour market in the world. It is divided by a small river into two parts, called the Town and Fell's Point. The latter is the principal seat of commercial business. It is finely built, chiefly of brick, and the streets are neatly paved. It contains many handsome buildings, and two splendid marble monuments-one to the memory of Washington-the other to the memory of those who fell in the battle of North Point, in 1814. The city has had a rapid growth, and is distinguished for the amount of its shipping.

Frederick is pleasantly situated 42 miles W. of Baltimore, in a fruitful tract of country, and is well built. It has a considerable trade in flour and grain.

Hagerstown is a flourishing place, and has considerable inland

trade.

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.

What Bay divides Maryland? What is the length of Chesapeake Bay? How does Chesapeake Bay compare in length with the Gulf of Mexico? Lake Michigan? What river empties into the head of Chesapeake Bay? What river separates Maryland from Virginia?

How is Annapolis situated? How is Baltimore situated? What two towns N. W. of Baltimore? F. H. What town in the southern

part on the Potomac ? What Mountains pass through Maryland? What Colleges in this state? How many square miles has Maryland? When, where and by whom was Maryland settled? What Canal connects the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays? What is its length? [See page 66.] How will you sail from Annapolis to Washington?

QUESTIONS ON THE MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.

What Counties border on Pennsylvania? On Delaware? On the Potomac river? How many counties east of Chesapeake Bay? How many counties west of Chesapeake Bay? How many counties has Maryland? Mention the shire towns of each county? In what county is Baltimore? Annapolis, &c.

INIDHI A

The District of Columbia is ten miles square, delightfully situated on both sides of the Potomac.

The land is finely elevated, and beautifully diversified by hill and dale. It is not a state, but is under the immediate government of Congress. The territory of this district was given to the United States by Maryland and Virginia, in 1790, for the purposes of a national capital, and in 1800 it became the seat of the general government.

United States Capitol.

WASHINGTON, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac, 300 miles, by the course of the river and bay, from the ocean. The city is laid out on a regular plan, and when completed, will be one of the most beautiful and commodious cities on the globe. The Capitol, for the meetings of Congress, is situated on capitol square, at the head of Pennsylvania avenue, and commands a delightful view of the city and surrounding country. It is constructed of free-stone, and composed of a centre and two wings. The length of the whole is 350 feet; depth of the wings, 121 feet; height to the top of the dome, 120 feet. The Senate chamber, in the north wing, is a semi-circle of 74 feet in length, and 42 in height. The Representatives' chamber, in the south wing, is also a semi-circle, 95 feet in length and 60 in height. About a mile and a half west of the Capitol, is the President's house, an elegant structure of free-stone, two stories high, with a lofty basement, 180 feet long by 85 wide. Near