Sand-hills between Shiyátí and El Gharbi, journey]
over, i. 139-143; menace the plantations, 141;|
isolated sand-hills without water, called Aukár,
or A ́kela, iii. 712; immense ridges of sand-hills
in the Western desert, 716, 713.
Sánem ben Hamedan, ruins of the temple of, i. 86.
San-koré, mosque of, iii. 324: how restored, 395.
San-shirfu, the Kádhi, iii. 656.
Sansánne 'Aisa, walled town, iii. 102.
Sansánne Mangho, Mandingo town, iii. 645; the
gold weight of, 369.
Sanyáre town, iii. 266.
Sár described, ii. 690.
Sarawu, important double village; hut described,
ii. 145, 147.
Sarayamo town and inhabitants, iii. 256.
Sáre-dina town, on upper Niger, iii. 708.
Say, important town on the Niger, iii. 171; mar-
ket, 176, 177; its importance for European traf-
fic, 177; second residence at, 534; market, 535;
appearance of the Niger at, 536.
Say, valley of, iil. 533.
Scorpion, effects of bite of a, ii. 346.
Scott the sailor, iii. 689.
Sculptures in the desert, i. 177.
Sebba, chief place of Yágha, town and inhabitants,
iii. 194-197; hut described and figured, 195.
Sebkha, explanation of the term, i. 35.
Séfuwa dynasty, its foundation in kánem, ii. 21;
of Berber origin, 26.
Segero village and neighborhood, ii. 141.
Selufiet, valley and village, i. 262.
Senhája tribe noticed, iii. 661.
Senudébu village and hills, iii. 528.
Sepulchre of Sidi Mukhtár at Timbúktu, iii. 380.
Sepulchral monument in Wadi Tagije, i. 114; at
Taboniye, 119.
Sepulchres of the Músgu, ii. 366.
Sesamum, cultivation of, i. 4SS, ii. 142, 595; in
Adamawa, 193, 480, 494, 558, iii. 533.
Sfákes, halt at, i. 31; voyage hence to Zarzis, 31,
35.
Shabire village, iii. 79.
Sh'abet el Kadim, Roman milestones near, i. 98.
Shabet Um el Kharáb, Christian remains in the,
i. 107.
Shári river, ii. 463, 473, 477; places on the, from
Búgomán upward, 677; from Búgomán down-
ward, 694; meaning of name, 353.
Shechéri village, iii. 588.
Sheikh Sidi Ahmed el Bakáy arrives in Timbúk-
tu, iii. 307; first interview with, 309, 311; reli-
gious discussions with, 327, 343; his attachment
to his family, 328; pedigree of, 6-49; two poems
by, 650; translated, 655; his letter of recom-
mendation, 764; his unceasing kindness, 355;|
delivers a lecture on the equal rank of the proph-|
ets, 372; prays at the sepulchre for his mother-
in-law's soul, 380; his noble family, 447; part-
ing with, 493.
notices of, 328; villages, 340; remarkable char-
acteristics, 328, 504; amount of their cavalry,
640.
Shúwa tribes in Bagirmi, ii. 652.
sidi A'lawáte, interview with, iii. 276; presents
extorted by, 300; religious discussion with, 304.
Sidi 'Ali ben sálah chapel and ruins, i. 81.
Sidi 'Ali, merchant in kanó, 402, iii. 573.
Sidi Mohammed, El Bakáy's elder brother, arrives
at Timbuktu, 373; interests himself in my
favor, 378; his character, 395.
Siggedim oasis, iii. 620.
Silla, very important town on upper Niger, where
cotton weaving first flourished, iii. 364.
Silk cotton-tree, immense specimens of, placed at
the gates of many a town in Negroland, i. 483,
iii. 566.
Sing-melék, the vizier, in Wádáy, ii. 657.
Sirba river, iii. 190; reed-raft, 190; country be.
yond, 191; its appearance at Gárbegurú, 527;
and at Kuttukóle, 528.
Sinder town and island, in the Niger, iii. 521.
Sittahe village, ii. 434.
Slave-hunting and butchery, ii. 369, 379; conse-
quences, 394.
Slavery in A'damáwa, ii. 190.
Slavery and the slave-trade, influence of firearms
and civilization upon the increase of, ii. 326;
domestic-its quiet course, i. 439, 527.
Slave-trade in Kanó, i. 515.
Slaves cruelly treated by the Tebú, iii, 606; yoked
to the plow in the valley of Aúderas, i. 311;
prices of, in the countries S. of Bagirmi, ii. 512;
in Más-eda, 540.
Smelting furnaces described and figured, iii. 188.
Smoking, Músgu passionately fond of, ii. 396; in-
habitants of Niger likewise, iii. 416.
Snake, large, killed, ii. 270.
So or Soy tribe, of its former power, ii. 32, 585, 586;
reduced by the king Edris A'lawóma, 533; one of
their former capitals, 438.
Soda, corn-fields thickly incrusted with, i. 147.
Sof e' jin, rich valley, its fertility, i. 105.
Sókna town noticed, iii. 627.
Sokoto, present state of, iii. 117; aspect of the
country, 124; rulers of, 635; Fúlbe tribes in,
636.
Sókoto town described, iii. 128; second visit to,
556; swollen torrent, 557.
Song of Sheikh 'Othmán, iii. 636.
Songhay, historical notices of, iii. 281; its civil
polity, 288; provinces, 289-91; commerce, 2)4;
army, 295; and neighboring kingdoms, chrono-
logical table of, 657.
Songhay, independent, between the Niger and my
route by Yágha and Libtáko, chief towns and
residences of the, iii. 765; an inhospitable race,
170, 494; their mode of carrying water in buck-
ets, 219.
Songhay and Fúlbe costume and weapons, iii. 529.
Songho-sare, farming village, iii. 169.
Sonni 'Ali, king of Negroland, iii. 286, 664; plun-
ders Timbuktu, 665; conquers Bághena, 665;
drowned, 666.
Spider, large poisonous, iii. 454.
Shell money, mode of reckoning, i. 442; shells
principal currency in Kanó, 522; recently in-
troduced into Kúkawa, ii. 55; current in Múni-
yó, iii. 53; in Zinder, 75; in Sókoto, 122, 126;
in Gando, 145; in Say, 177; in Yágha, 197; in Stirrup, Arab, valuable properties of, ii. 324.
Dóre, 203; in Timbúktu, 303; in Bunka, 569; Subterranean villages in the Ghurian, i. 63.
no currency in the country towns of Bórnu, i. Súdo-melle market-place, iii. 645.
55; in A'damáwa, 151; in Bagirmi, 511; none Sugarti tribe, costume of, ii. 67.
in I'sayé, iii. 230.
Shibdáwa village, rich scenery, i. 482.
Súk town, notice of, iii. 458, 684.
Sulleri town, ii. 162, 200; described, iii. 44.
Shigge, term for cotton in Western Negroland, iii. Súmmoli, peculiar species of wild cat, described,
303 note; Kserát shigge, 701.
ii. 350.
Shinghit town and inhabitants described, iii. 705, Sung ruré village, iii. 101.
714; extension of name, Shenagita, ib.
Superstition, i. 549; ii. 381.
Shirts, common white of Bórnu, the commercial Surk, tribe, iii. 339, 689.
medium in Kánem, ii. 283; also in Bagirmi, Súwa-Kolólluwa well, iii. 51.
511; and in A'damawa, 151; even in Kúkawa, Syllebawa, or Sissilbe, divisions of the tribe, iii.
for buying large objects, 155. See Tobes.
Shitáti district, vales of, ii. 308;
ed after the district, 607.
Taboniye, Roman sepulchres near this well, i. 118,
Shuwa Arabs, notices of the, ii. 88; population, 120.
Tábu, or great army of the Awelimmiden, iii. 382. Terguláwen well, dangerous locality, i, 404.
Tademékket tribe, historical notice and subdivi- Termites used as food, ii. 230.
sions of, iii. 723; the town called Tademkéka by Tessémmak described, i. 169.
the Arab geographers, 335, 65), 458, 684. Tewiwa and its population, i. 147.
Tagabáta village, mountain scenery, iii. 528.
Tagáma, account of the habits of this tribe, i. 407.
Tagan..ma town described, i. 547.
Taginet, district of Western desert described, and
Moorish tribes in, iii. 713.
Thniye e' seghira and Thniye el kebira, rugged
passages, iii. 623.
Tagánet, other more limited district of same name
to the north of Timbúktu, iii. 685, 685.
Tágelel, village of A'nnur, described, i. 421.
Ta-gherbúst and picturesque fountain, i. 47.
Tághist valley, celebrated place of prayer, i. 310.
Tahónt-n-éggish, first rocky island in the Niger,
Tailelt tobes, i. 345, 513, passim.
Tájakánt tribe keep up the communication be-
tween Timbuktu and Morocco, iii. 330, 346, 366.
Tákala town, iii. 765.
Tákulum, valley of Kánem, ii. 306.
Talba, walled town, iii. 150.
Talisman, curious one at Taganáma, i. 549.
Tamarind-tree, its beautiful shady character, prin-]
cipal ornament of Negroland, i. 418; first full-
grown specimen, 430; splendid specimens, ii. 61,
iii. 62; on the Niger, 443, 504; silk-worm feed-
ing on the leaves of the tamarind-tree, i. 513,
note; the fruit the most refreshing drink, ii. 508,
passim; best medicine for usual tropical disease,
560; with fried onions, pleasant lunch, iii. 127.
Tamki, dress and food of the, ii. 688.
Tanéra town, iii. 646.
Tántanah, mountain, probable [uncertain] identi-
fication of, i. 215.
Tarabanása, their camp and costume, iii. 408.
Táramt district, W. of Gógó, iii. 495.
Tarhóna, the district and its ruins described, i.
75-83.
Tasawa territory, revenues of, i. 434; the town
and its inhabitants, 436; market, 443.
Tasawa, village of Fezzán, i. 162.
Taútilt camping-ground described, iii. 410.
Tawárek, see Imeshagh, chiefs arrive at the camp
near Tasáwa village, negotiations with them, i.
165; their continual advance into Negroland,
iii. 19; chiefs at Timbáktu, letter of franchise
obtained from, 340; encampment, 236-238; cos-
tume, 243; want of unity, 371.
Tawash, Koman sepulchre near, i. 145.
Tawat, the people of, the chief merchants in A'ga-
des, i. 317; in Timbuktu, iii. 346, 369; my chief
protectors, 389, 420; their relation to the French,
421; said to pay tribute to them, 618; the horse
of Tawát, i. 338, note.
Tiboráwen, rapids of the Niger near, iii. 506.
Tidik valley, i. 257.
Tigóre, farming village, iii. 169.
Tigedda valley described, i. 307.
Tiggera-n-dúmma mountain group, iii. 621.
Tigger-urtin and its inhabitants, i. 300.
Tihore, village, iii. 170.
Tillage, peculiar mode of, in Bagirmi, ii. 503, 515.
Tilli town and inhabitants, iii. 158, 548.
Timbúktu, approach to, iii. 278; political situation,
297; view over the town, 302; plan of a house,
307; the great mosque, 322, 662; Mosque San-
koré, 662; ground-plan of the town, 323; de-
scription of the town, 325; its former extent,
324; population, 326; the inundation, 344; sub-
sides, 376; its origin, 284; when founded, 660;
becomes dependent on Melle, 662; destroyed by
the King of Mósi, 662; visited by E'bn Batuta,
663; becomes known to Europeans, 664; con-
quered by the I'móshagh, 664; plundered by
Sonni 'Ali, 665; becomes more important, ib.;
conquered by Jodar, 676; commerce, 675; pres-
ent commercial relations of, 357; commercial
importance of its position, 369; identity of its
language with that of A'gades, i. 334; why so
few trees in the town, iii. 322; not considered
very healthy, 341; late hours, 348, 385.
Timme town, iii. 687.
Timmisau well, footprint of Moses' horse near,
iii. 684.
Tindirma town, iii. 290, 789.
Tinge town and inhabitants, iii. 214.
Tin-ger-égedesh, notice of the tribe, iii. 469.
Tin-rássen, interesting incident in African war-
fare at, iii. 462.
Tin-shamán, former capital of A'sben, i. 277.
Tin-sherifen district, iii. 457; appearance of the
Niger at, 460.
Tin-tagh-odé, important village of, i. 264.
Tin-téggana valley, i. 379.
Tintéllust valley described, i. 274; village resi-
dence of the powerful chief A'nnur, ibid, desert-
ed, 378.
Tintúmma desert, iii. 608.
Tinýlkum, account of this tribe, i. 158; their con-
duct in our adversities, 250, 254.
Tishit town, its inhabitants and produce, iii. 704.
Tobacco cultivated in Kátsena, i. 485; of Katsena
much esteemed, iii. 85; little cultivated in Bór-
nu, 90; varieties in or near Timbúktu, 568; in
Ghérgo, 439; Bamba and E'gedesh, 44S; culti-
vated in great extent by the Músgu, ii. 386;
formerly in great extent along the Niger, iii.
411, 412; prohibited in Timbúktu, 368; tobacco
chewed with natron by the Kél-owi, i. 312.
Tebu, form of the name, ii. 26, 624; their near re-
lation to the Kanúri, 30, 284; their long wars
with the former, 5S3; their tribes, families, and
settlements, 613; their former settlements in
Kánem, 632, 633; their settlements along the
Komádugu, i. 570, ii. 595, iii. 27; their cruelty
toward their slaves, 606; the towns and vil-Tobes, varieties of, i. 510; made in Sansándi, iii.
lages along Tebu road, 612; their predilection 494.
for dried fish, 618; their commercial journeys Toe, destruction of the little, by a flesh-worm, ii.
to Mándará, ii. 150.
Tefinagh inscription, i. 233; writing, iii. 416.
Tegorri village in Fezzán, iii. 624.
Teghdaust, important tribe of western desert, iii.
Tejigja, town in the district A'derér, iii. 713.
Tektáke village and inhabitants, iii. 707.
Teléshera peak, ascent of, i. 390.
Telisaghe, remarkable sculptures at, i. 174.
Temás hight, story of the Prodigal Son in, iii. 762;
vocabulary, 724, 761.
Téngik, the most elevated peak in Air, i. 256, 262.
Tolba, or Zuwaye, peaceable tribes of Arabs, iden-
tical with the term Anislimen among the Tawá-
rek, iii. 711, passim.
Tombs in Músgu country, ii. 366.
Tombo province and inhabitants, notice of, iii. 643.
Tóddibi mount, iii. 472.
Tóndifú village, iii. 171; swarms of birds at,
537.
Tongi hamlet, iii. 499.
Tónorár village, iii. 701.
Tornáre village on the Niger, busy state of the
river at, iii. 518.
Tents, the kind suitable for travelers in hot cli-Tósaye, remarkable narrowing of the Niger at, iii.
mates, i. 90; advantage of a few days' residence]
previous to starting, 91.
Téra and its inhabitants, iii. 768; the last Song-
hay king's leave-taking in Téra, 677.
Tóso, edible fruit of the Bassia Parkii, ii. 109.
See Butter-tree.
Trik el Merhóma track, iii. 628.
Tripoli, arrival at, i. 39; excursion from, 40-89; Warm clothing, would find a ready sale in Cen-
final departure from, 91; return and embarka- tral Africa, ii. 334.
tion for Marseilles, iii. 629,630; importance of Warrington, Frederic, his kind services, i. 39, iii.
Tripoli for the intercourse with the interior,
Preface, p. xi.
Truffles common in many parts of the desert, i.
123.
Tsád, excursion to the, ii. 63; description of its
characteristic features, 64; representation of the
grounds along its swampy shore, 71; the open
water, 70; a fresh-water lake, 267; mentioned
in document, 626.
Túburi and their lake, ii. 387; Dr. Vogel's exag-
Water, scarcity of, in many districts of Bórnu,
i. 551, 587; in Bagirmi, ii. 480; water unwhole-
some, iii. 532, 548.
Water communication between the basin of the
Tsad and the Bay of Biyafra, ii. 391.
Water lilies in Tsad, ii. 75; in Niger, iii. 59,
gerated opinion of its size and importance, ab. Water-melons the principal food of the Kóbetat
Compare i. 638.
Tumpenga town, desolate site of, iii. 199.
Túnguré valley, cotton plantations and
grove, iii. 52.
Tunis, journey from, to Tripoli, i. 29-39.
Túri, term, meaning of, i. 36), note.
Waza district described, ii. 420.
Welád Bú-sef, account of this tribe, i. 117.
palm Welad Slimán, camp of, ii. 271; history of the
tribe, 273; interview with their sheikh, 277;
their habits and mode of life, 278; Jewish ad-
venturer, 283; preparations for attack, 295; at-
tacked by the natives, 304, 305.
Turtles in Damerghú, i. 418; in Kánem, ii. 281;
near Kubo, iii. 221.
Tyggebo village and inhabitants, iii. 704.
Well, greater industry in raising water from, iii.
Týnjur, tribe of, their dominion, ii. 548, 643; re- Wells of Koyám very deep, iii. 25, 591; Aʼzawad,
mains of them in Mondo, 572, 611.
L'ba, northern frontier town of A'damáwa, de-
scribed, ii. 126, 212.
Ugréfe, the village and its inhabitants, i. 143.
Ujé, fertile and populous district, the finest dis-
trict of Bórnu, ii. 93, 219; relation to slave
trade, 98.
Ulákiás, deep well, iii. 695.
U'le-Tehárge sandy downs described, iii. 428.
U'm el 'Arúk village, iii. 701.
I'm e' Zerzán, i. 52; Roman sepulchre near, 52.
Unán, valley, i. 399.
Vegetables, common, of the country, i. 481.
Vocabulary of the Temáshight, as spoken by the
Awelimmiden, iii. 724.
Vogel, Dr., meeting with, in the forest, iii. 586;
and at Kukawa, 593; his journey to Gombe and
Yákoba, i. 618, 623; to Wádáy, ii. 618.
Wadán, town in Aderer, and inhabitants de-
scribed, iii. 714; Portuguese factory in, 665.
Wadán, town in Fezzán, formerly belonging to
Bornu, ii. 584.
Wadán (Ovis tragelaphus), i. 227, passim.
the most famous of, 656; of Dibbela impregna-
ted with natron, 611; of Mul and Unghurutin,
607; of Taganet, the most famous, 686; of Zaw-
kura, 611.
Wheat, cultivated in Ngornu, ii. 57, 427; princely
dish in A'gades, i. 327; at Yó, ii. 253; in Wú-
'shek, iii. 60; on the Niger, 442; at the Ras el
Má, 605; wheat and rice fetch double the price
of the native corn, ii. 57.
White ant, northern limit of, iii. 306.
Wild oxen, numerous in the desert, i. 225, iii. 611.
See Antilope Bubalis.
Women of Kukawa contrasted with those of Kanó,
ii. 59.
Wuéelleri stockade, i. 550.
Wukari, capital of Korórofa, and its inhabitants,
i. 620.
Wúliya district, beauty and careful cultivation of
the, ii. 383.
Wúlu village and inhabitants, iii. 208.
Wurnó described, iii. 118; second visit to, 560;
attack of dysentery at, 560.
Wushek town and inhabitants, described, iii. 57.
Yágha principality, iii. 194; places belonging to,
196, note.
Yakoba, its position, ii. 611.
Wáday, historical sketch of, ii. 644; ethnograph-Yali water, iii. 197.
ical account of, 649; government of, 653; army, Yalowe, river bed, ii. 332.
658; household of the sultan, 659; towns and Yamiya well, iii. 44.
villages, 650; commerce and market - places,
659; manufactures and productions, 661; learn-
ing and food, 661.
Wadi town, i. 537.
Wádi Kawár, iii. 614.
Wadi Rán and its caverns, i. 67.
Wádi Sof-e'-jin, ruined castle at, i. 107.
Wadi Tagije, fine sepulchral monument in, i.
113.
Wádi Talha, Roman ruins at, i. 111.
Wadi Zemzem and its wells, i. 117, iii. 628.
Wákoré, indigenous name of a great section of the
Mandingoes, iii. 702.
Waláta town and inhabitants, important trading
place in the time of Ebn Batuta, iii. 665;
cline, 665, 695.
Wándalá (Mándará) mountains, ii. 115.
Wandering Arabs migrating, ii. 223.
Wangara village, ii. 572.
Yams not indigenous in the interior of Africa, iii.
90; not cultivated in Bórnu, ii. 57; cultivated
to some extent in A'damáwa, 205; in Korórofa,
621; in Kebbi, iii. 140; eastern limit of culti-
vation, near Kátsena, ib.
Yára, ruined town, iii. 150.
Ya-saláme and Konári, list of places between, iii.
693.
Yá-saláme and Saredina, list of places between,
iii. 693.
Yá-saláme and Sókolo, towns and villages be-
tween, iii. 700.
Yauri, towns, villages, and tribes in, iii. 641.
Yele district, ii. 224.
Yélu town, iii. 165.
de- Yen, chief town of Burgu, described, ii. 613.
Yendi town noticed, iii. 645.
Yerimari town, iii. 580.
Yerimari village, ii. 103.
Wangarawa, name of the eastern Mandingoes, iii.
111, 202, 645, 646; merchants in Katsena Wan-
garawa, i. 479.
Wanja village and inhabitants, iii. 707.
Wantila village, iii. 528.
Wára described, ii. 664.
Yo town and vicinity, ii. 249; stay at, iii. 602.
Yola town and its inhabitants, ii. 179; described,
189.
Yowaru, important town on Niger, described, iii.
688, 689.
Yowaru and Yá-saláme, list of places between, iii.
Yúri, cliffs on the Niger, iii. 532.
Zá Alayámin founds the dynasty of Zá, iii. 657. Zengiri komádugu at, iii. 32.
Zaberma, towns, villages, and tribes in, iii. 642;
historical notice of, 289.
Zágha town, on Upper Niger, of great importance
in former times, iii. 691.
Zágha, town of Dendina, iii. 289, 639.
Zánfara, present condition of the province, iii. 97,
633; historical notices, 634.
Zangway, monitor, footprints of the, iii. 435.
Zánkara district, towns in, iii. 693.
Záriya, its astronomical position, i. 611; tribute
paid by, iii. 95.
Zarzis described, i. 35; journey hence to Zowára,
35-37.
Zawiya and surrounding country, i. 42.
Zekka, town and fortifications, iii. 94.
Zenne, or plaid, varieties of, i. 510.
Zenzúr, town of, described, i. 41.
Zinder town, account of, iii. 72.
Zintán, account of the people of, i. 105.
Zogháwa, tribe of, ii. 652.
Zogirma and its inhabitants, iii. 156.
Zógoma, town, ii. 338.
Zoromáwa, or Zoghorán, their first appearance,
iii. 679; their amalgamation with the Fúlbe,
112; their importance in Sókoto, 129.
Zowára and surrounding country, i. 38.
Zurrikulo town, i. 561, iii. 42, 588.
IZýrmi town, iii. 97.
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