entered Orleans, the siege of which she compelled the English to raise. After gaining several battles, and acquiring many cities to the French cause, she accompanied the king to Rheims, where he was crowned. The following spring she was captured, and handed over by the Burgundians to the English for trial as a sorceress. When asked by her judges why she bore her banner by the side of the king's at Rheims, she replied, “It shared the pain, reason enough that it should partake of the honor" (Il avoit ésté à la peine, c'estoit bien raison qu'il fust à l'honneur).” Being asked if she knew what it was to be in a state of grace, she said, "If I am not in it, may God put me in it; and if I am in it, may God keep me in it!" (Si je n'y suis, Dieu m'y mette; et si j'y suis, Dieu m'y maintienne!) Finally, when condemned to death at the stake, she showed no abject clinging to life, but rejoiced that her work was done: "My voices have not deceived me," was her consolation, as she thought of the visions on the hill side of Domremy. Her last word, as her spirit took its flight, — as some said, in the form of a white dove, "Jesus!"-O'REILLY: Les deux Procès de Jeanne Darc. Gambetta said at a great meeting in Paris, Feb. 1, 1878, which celebrated under the presidency of Victor Hugo the centenary of Voltaire's death: "For myself, I feel sufficiently broad to be at once the devotee of Jeanne Darc, and the disciple and admirer of Voltaire."

JACQUES DAVID.

was

[A French historical painter, born in Paris, 1748; studied in Rome; appointed painter to the king, 1783; member of the Convention, and voted for the king's death; was the friend of Robespierre, and arranged the spectacles of the republic; Napoleon made him his first painter; exiled at the restoration; died at Brussels, 1825.] Put in more of the red! Put in more of the red!

When mixing his colors, after witnessing, as anatomical studies, the dying struggles of the victims of the Terror. One cannot then be surprised at the answer he gave Louis XVI., who asked him how soon his portrait would be finished: "I will never, for the future, paint the portrait of a tyrant until his head lies before me on the scaffold!"

STEPHEN DECATUR.

[A distinguished American naval officer, born in Maryland, January, 1779; entered the navy, 1798; burned an American frigate which had been captured in the harbor of Tripoli, 1804; captured the British frigate "Macedonian," 1812; commanded a squadron against the Algerines, May, 1815, and dictated a treaty of peace with the Dey in June of that year; killed in a duel, March, 1820.]

Our country, right or wrong.

Having been appointed a navy commissioner at Washington, on his return from his campaign against the Algerine pirates, Decatur received the compliment of a public dinner at Norfolk, Va., in April, 1816, where he offered a toast, which, from the proverbial character it acquired, his biographer calls not the least valuable of his legacies to his countrymen: "Our country! in her intercourse with foreign nations may she always be in the right; but our country, right or wrong." - MACKENZIE: Life.

When the Mexican general Arista crossed the Rio Grande, May, 1846, and was defeated by Gen. Taylor at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, President Polk sent a special message to the United States Congress, calling for means to prosecute hostilities. The position of the Whig party, which sustained the administration, although originally opposed to war with Mexico, was expressed by John J. Crittenden of Kentucky, who said, "I hope to find my country in the right: however, I will stand by her, right or wrong."

Another toast, which, in its shortened form, "Our country, however bounded," obtained considerable celebrity in its day, as the sentiment of Northern Whigs upon the same subject, and which has often been confounded with the preceding, was offered by the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, at the city dinner in Faneuil Hall, Boston, July 4, 1846, after Texas had been virtually annexed, and a disposition was shown in some quarters to resist annexation by force or secession : "Our country, whether bounded by the St. John's and the Sabine, or however otherwise bounded or described, and be the measurements more or less, still our country, to be cherished in all our hearts, to be defended by all our hands!"

One or two sayings during the Mexican war became historic,

although the authenticity of the first has been disputed. At a critical moment of the battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23, 1847, Bragg's artillery was ordered to the support of the infantry, who were overwhelmed by numbers. A single discharge of his battery made the enemy waver. "A little more grape, Capt. Bragg!" shouted Gen. Taylor. Upon a second and third discharge, the Mexicans fled in disorder. Mr. Crittenden, having gone to Santa Anna's headquarters, was told that if Gen. Taylor would surrender, he would be protected. "Gen. Taylor never surrenders," was the reply. It became a watchword in the next political campaign, when Gen. Taylor was elected to the Presidency.

MADAME DU DEFFAND.

[A French lady of caustic wit and able critical ability, born 1697; separated from her husband soon after marriage; her house was for fifty years the resort of authors, statesmen, and men of fashion; corresponded with Horace Walpole, Voltaire, and d'Alembert; became nearly blind at fifty-four; died 1789.]

It is only the first step that costs.

Mme. du Deffand describes, in a letter to Horace Walpole, June 6, 1767, the origin of one of the most celebrated mots in the French language. She says that Cardinal de Polignac, who was a great talker, and a man of extraordinary credulity, had given her an account of the martyrdom of St. Denis at Montmartre, and stated that, after his decapitation, he walked with his head in his hands, two leagues to the spot where afterwards the cathedral dedicated to him was built, in the village called by his name. Her comment was, "The distance is nothing: it is only the first step that costs" (La distance n'y fait rien: il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte).

Camille Desmoulins gained the implacable hatred of the stern and haughty St. Just by saying jocosely of him, "He carries his head like the Host" (comme un saint sacrement), to which St. Just retorted, "I will make him carry his like a St. Denis." Desmoulins soon afterwards accompanied Danton to the guillotine, saying, "My pleasantry has killed me" (C'est ma plaisanterie qui m'a tué).

The things that cannot be known to us are not necesessary to us.

Letter to Voltaire.

"Vanity," she said, "ruins more women than love." In her opinion, "women are never stronger than when they arm themselves with their weakness."

She preferred "an old acquaintance to a new friend."

How happy one would be if one could throw off one's self as one throws off others!

This ability to "throw off others " was illustrated by her going out to supper on the day of the death of M. Pont-de-Veyle, an intimate friend for forty years. The conversation turned upon her loss: "Alas!" she said, "he died at six this evening: otherwise you would not see me here" (sans cela vous ne me verriez pas ici).

Having been told of a mot of Frederick the Great, who spoke of the philosophers "having levelled the forest of prejudices" (qui abattent la forêt des préjugés), Mme. du Deffand was said to have remarked, "That is why they supply us with so many fagots" (Ah! voilà donc pourquoi ils nous débitent tant de fagots), (fagots meaning either fagots, or, in the other sense of the pun, tales or "yarns "). More honest than Talleyrand, who never refused the paternity of a bon-mot, she admitted in a letter to Walpole that it was good, but claimed no right over it but that of "adoption." — Correspondence, I. 222.

She said of Montesquieu's "L'Esprit des Lois," that he might better have called it "L'Esprit sur les Lois" (or "Wit on Laws ").

When the remark was made of Voltaire, the author of the Lives of Charles XII. and Louis XIV., that he had not much invention, Mme. du Deffand exclaimed, "What more can you ask? He has invented history!" (Que voulez-vous de plus? Il a inventé l'histoire!) Lord Bolingbroke once charged Voltaire with having changed in his narrative the circumstances of an event in the life of Charles XII. for the sake of effect. "Confess," he said, "that it did not occur as you have told it.". "Confess," replied Voltaire, "that it is better as I have told it."

Her caustic manner of speaking of friend as well as foe caused Mme. du Deffand to be compared to the physician who said, "My friend fell sick, I attended him: he died, I dissected him."

She maintained an intimacy for many years with President Hénault; who was in the habit of dining frequently at her house, and remarked, that between her cook and the Marquise de Brinvilliers, who was executed in 1676 for poisoning three of her relatives and several other people, there was only dif ference of intention (entre elle et la Brinvilliers il n'y a de différence que dans l'intention).

DEMADES.

[An Athenian orator and demagogue; an opponent of Demosthenes; entered public life, 356 B.C.; after Chæronea acted with the party of Macedon; excluded on account of bribery, by Philip, from public functions; put to death by Antipater or Cassander, 318.]

Draco made his laws not with ink, but with blood.

The Athenian legislator, who flourished 600 B.C., made the least theft punishable with death, because, as he said, small offences deserved it, and he could find no greater punishment for the most heinous. His laws were repealed by Solon.-PLUTARCH: Life of Solon.

DEMONAX.

[A Cynic philosopher; born in Cyprus; lived at Athens about 150 A.D.]

Probably all laws are useless; for good men do not want laws at all, and bad men are made no better by them.

To a rich man who seemed proud of his mantle, which was dyed purple, Demonax said, "Before you wore it, it was worn by a sheep."

A bad speaker, who was advised to practise before an audience, said he always spoke to himself. It is no wonder you speak so badly," suggested Demonax, "with such a fool to hear you."