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arrange the map of Europe after the abdication of Napoleon; interrupted by his return from Eiba, February, 1815. Differing on many important points, the allied monarchs and ambassadors spent much time, after the opening of the congress, in the social festivities for which Vienna has always been celebrated. The prince added, "When they have exhausted all other entertainments, I will give them the spectacle of the funeral of a fieldmarshal." As if to keep his promise, he died on the 13th of the following month; "and the Congress buried him without ceasing to dance."

In love, it is only the commencement that charms. I am not surprised that we find pleasure in frequently recommencing.

Founded on the French proverb, L'amour est un vrai recom

menceur.

One or two of the puns of the prince may here be given. When asked how he found the cardinal-archbishop of Sens, he replied, "Hors de son diocèse" (i.e., hors de Sens). He was mad.

The prince-royal of Prussia had a fainting-fit during a session of the Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. It gave occasion to the prince to say, "Le prince, au milieu de l'Académie, s'est trouvé sans connaissance" (The prince found himself in the midst of the Academy without consciousness; or, without acquaintance).

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

["The incarnation of the people and of modern democracy;" born in Hardin County, Ky., Feb. 12, 1809; served in the Black Hawk war, 1832; member of the Illinois Legislature; elected to Congress, 1846; President of the United States from March 4, 1861, until his death by assassination, April 15, 1865.]

I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.

The first famous utterance of Lincoln on the subject which was destined to divide the Union temporarily after his own election to the Presidency, was made in a speech to the Illinois Whig State Convention at Springfield, June 16, 1858. Sumner

once said, "Where slavery is, there liberty cannot be; and where liberty is, there slavery cannot be."

Just before the fall of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, a self-constituted committee urged Mr. Lincoln to remove Gen. Grant from command on the ground of his intemperate habits. After listening to them, the President brought the interview to a close by asking them if they knew where the general bought his whiskey; "because, if I can find out, I will send every general in the field a barrel of it."-CARPENTER: Six Months in the White House.

When objections were made to the appointment of Wolfe to the command of the expedition against Quebec, on the ground that he was mad; “Mad, is he?" exclaimed George II. : “I wish his madness was epidemic, and that every officer in my army was seized with it." The result is well known. On the night of Sept. 12, 1769, the British troops were embarked for a spot on the opposite side of Quebec, whence they might scale the Heights of Abraham, overlooking the city. Undisturbed save by the dipping of the oars, Wolfe repeated Gray's Elegy, saying that he "would rather have written it than take Quebec." After scaling the heights, his whole army was soon drawn up before the French; and, at the first volley, both commanders fell. Wolfe heard the cry, "They run!" and, being told it was the enemy, he exclaimed, "Now God be praised! I die happy." Montcalm, when assured that his wound was mortal, replied, "So much the better: I shall not see the English in Quebec." Their common monument bears the inscription: Mortem virtus, communam famam historia, monumentum posteritas dedit.

Government of the people, by the people, for the people.

At the consecration of the national cemetery on the battle-field of Gettysburg, Nov. 19, 1863, the President made a short address, in which, speaking of the victorious army, he said, "The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here; but it can never forget what they did here." He closed by pledging the country to renewed effort, "that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

It is not best to swap horses when crossing a stream.

When congratulated by the National Union League upon his re-nomination to the Presidency, June 9, 1864, he replied, "I have not permitted myself, gentlemen, to conclude that I am the best man in this country; but I am reminded in this connection of the story of an old Dutch farmer, who remarked to a companion that it was not best to swap horses when crossing a stream."

It was in his second inaugural address, March 4, 1865, that Lincoln expressed the feeling which had animated him throughout the struggle now soon to terminate: "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in."

A short time before this (Feb. 2), President Lincoln attended what was called the Hampton Roads Conference, when Mr. Hunter, the Confederate Secretary of State, referred to the correspondence between Charles I. and Parliament as a precedent for a negotiation between a constitutional ruler and rebels. Mr. Lincoln replied, "Upon matters of history, I must refer you to Mr. Seward, for he is posted in such things, and I don't profess to be; but my only distinct recollection of the matter is, that Charles lost his head."- CARPENTER: Six Months.

LOUIS XI.

[King of France; born at Bourges, 1423; became king, 1461; crushed the league of disaffected nobles by concessions he never intended to execute; seized Burgundy on the death of Charles the Bold, and became involved in a long war with Austria; died 1483.]

Divide et impera (Divide in order to rule).

The principle upon which he broke down the power of his great vassals. When feeble, he could accommodate himself to circumstances, make treaties acceptable to his enemies, and yield them rights and privileges, in order to set them against one another; but, their union once broken, he retook all he had surrendered, and failed to perform all that he had promised.

Goethe, in his versions of proverbs ("Sprüchwörtlich "), illustrates two theories of government:

"Entzwei und gebiete! Tüchtig Wort;
Verein' und leite! Besserer Hort."
(Divide and rule, the politician cries;

Unite and lead, is watchword of the wise.)

Coke lays down the maxim of Louis, "as a rule for lords and commons to have good success in Parliament.” — Institutes, IV. 35.

Qui nescit dissimulare nescit regnare.

This is another of the king's maxims, which, like the previous one, is always quoted in Latin, and which means that he who cannot dissimulate is unfit to reign. DE THOU: Hist. Univ, III. 293. It was all the Latin that he thought the dauphin, afterwards Charles VIII., needed to learn.

Frederick William I., father of Frederick the Great, who called his son "a fiddler and a poet, who will spoil all my labors," said, "My son shall not learn Latin; and more than that, I will not suffer anybody even to mention such a thing to me. MACAULAY: Frederick the Great.

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Napoleon's theory was hardly more liberal: "A little Latin and mathematics is enough" (Un peu de latin et de mathématique, cela suffit).

LOUIS XII.

[King of France; born at Blois, 1462; succeeded his cousin, Charles VIII., 1498; conquered Milan; prosecuted his claim to Naples, until driven out of Italy by Pope Julius II.; died Jan. 1, 1515.]

The King of France does not avenge the injuries of the Duc d'Orleans (Le roi de France ne venge pas les injures du Duc d'Orléans).

Generously dismissing, on his accession to the throne, the suggestion of punishing the city of Orleans, which had incurred his displeasure while he was heir presumptive. He was anticipated in the utterance of a thought so worthy a king by Philip, Comte de Bresse, who became Duc de Savoie in 1497, and said, "It would be shameful as duke to avenge the injuries of the count" (Il serait honteux au duc de venger les injures faites au comte). The Emperor Hadrian used but one word to express the same idea. Meeting, on the first day of his accession to power, au

ancient enemy, and noticing his embarrassment, he passed him, saying simply "Evasisti" (Thou hast escaped).

Is it his business to curse? (Et quoi, est-ce son emploi de maudire ?)

During the contest for the possession of Naples, when Louis heard that the Pope intended to excommunicate him. Thus Theano, priestess of the temple of Agraule, replied to those who urged her to curse Alcibiades, "I am priestess to bless, not to curse."

Louis XII. gained great popularity by an abatement of taxes, and was pleased that his subjects remarked upon his simplicity of dress and royal establishment. "I would rather my people," he said, "smiled at my parsimony, than wept over it." He.carried the name of "father of the people" to the grave; for on the night of his death the watchmen of Paris called the hour of midnight on their rounds, adding, "The good king Louis, father. of his people, is dead!" The king had foreseen the change in the condition of his subjects which the luxurious tendencies of his son, afterwards Francis I., would cause; and used to remark,, "That big boy will spoil all.".

LOUIS XIII.

[King of France; born at Fontainebleau, Sept. 27, 1601; succeeded' his father, Henry IV., 1610; under the regency of his mother, Marie de Medici, until his majority in 1614, when Cardinal Richelieu became the controlling spirit of the government; died May, 1643.]

I should like to see the grimace which M. le Grand is, making at this hour.

Louis XIII. was as fond of bons mots as his illustrious father; he is not, however, condemned, like Henry, to bear the burden of sayings he did not utter, and those he did let fall have never been preserved. Only one remains; and that is a calumny, just as all the actions told of him are ridiculous. It relates to the execution of the Marquis de Cinq-Mars, who had been the favorite of the king, and received from him the nickname of M. le Grand, from his office of grand écuyer. Together with De Thou, a man of great learning and virtue, he incurred the

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