HENRY VIII.

THE ENTRY OF CHARLES I.* INTO LONDON.

The meeting of the Emperor, his Grace, with the Lord Mayor of London, and his Brethren, with all other Crafts of the said City in their Liveries.

These orders for preparing a solemn entry, refer to Charles Vth's second visit to England in 1522. In his first visit he was accompanied by the Queen of Arragon. Speed gives the following account of his reception upon the present occasion:-" Charles the Emperour, as he passed toward Spaine, landed at Douer, where King Henry met him, and in great estate brought him to London; which was so prepared with ornaments and pageants, as if it had been the king's coronation; and in the Black friers the emperor was lodged, in a most princely pallace, new built by the king; then was he feasted at Windsore, where he sate in his state, in his mantle and garter, and by receiving the sacrament these two potent monarches took their corporall oaths to obserue the couenants concluded betwixt them: whereof one was, that the Emperor Charles agreed to stay for, and to take to wife the young princesse, Lady Mary, King Henrie's then only daughter; and in such golden bands of loue, Charles and Henry seemed to be linked, as in London this sentence was set vp in the Guildball, ouer the door of the Counsell Chamber, where it still remaineth:

"Carolus, Henricus, vivant, defensor vterque
Henricus fidei, Carolus Ecclesia."

FIRST, the said lord mayor must meet him at Deptford, and there shall receive him with procession.

Also at London bridge there shall be two great giants standing at either side of the gate, which shall deliver to the king's grace the keys, and the king to deliver them to the emperor.

Also upon the draw-bridge shall be one pageant of Jason with the golden fleece; because the emperor giveth the golden fleece, as the king of England doth give the

ter.

gar

This day Sir Nicholas Vause ware a coller of esses, which weied, as the goldsmithes that made it reported, 800 pounde of nobles; and the same day, at afternoon, the said princes were conueied, with many lords and ladies, vnto Powles wharf, where the said estates took their barges, and were rowed to Westminster, vpon whom the maior attended, with the aldermen and fellowships in barges, garnished with banners and other deuises, musick, &c. Thus much for that marriage."-STOWE's Annals, ad annum 1501.

Master Edward Hall describes the splendour of the nuptials with yet more emphasis :-" I passe ouer (saith he) the wise deuises, the prudent speeches, the costlie works, the cunning portratures, practised and set forth in seven goodlie beautifull pageants, erected and set foorth in diuerse places of the citie. I leave also the goodlie ballades, the sweet harmonies, the musical instruments, which sounded with heauenlie noise on euery side of the streets. I omit further, the costlie apparel, both of goldsmiths worke and embroiderie, the rich jewels, the massie chaines, the stirring horses, the beautifull barbs, and the glitering trappers, both with bells and spangles of gold. I pretermit also the rich apparell of the princess, the strange fashion of the Spanish nation, the beautie of the yoong damosels, the amorous countenance of the lustie bachelers. I passe ouer also the fine ingrained clothes, the costlie furs of the citizens, standing on scaffolds, raised from Gracechurch to Paules. What should I speake of the odoriferous scarlets, the fine velvets, the pleasant furres, the massie chaines, which the maior of London, sitting on horsebacke, at the little conduit in Cheape, ware on their bodies, and about their necks? I will not speake of the riche arras, the costlie tapestric, the fine clothes, both of gold and silver, the curious veluets, the beautiful sattens, nor the pleasant silkes, which did hang in euery street where she passed; the wine that ran continuallie out of the conduits, and the graueling of the streets needeth not to be remembered."

* So called because Charles the First of Spain.

Also there shall be set, in the likeness of the emperor, and all the kings that hold of the emperor, with crowns on their heads.

Also at the conduit in Gracechurch-street, there shall sit one man, in likeness of King Charles, with an emperor's crown upon his head, the emperor sitting on the right hand, and the king of England on the left hand of him; and he shall have two swords in his hand, and deliver one sword to the emperor, the other to the king's grace.

That is to understand, to the emperor as heir apparent, and to the king's grace as heir and governor generall.

Also at the Leadenhall shall be one pageant of the Duke of Lancaster, how he was married in Spain, and of all his lineage that came of him since that time, and targetts upon them, that they may be known, and their arms upon the targetts, to be known thereby.

At the conduit in Cornehill shall sit King Arthur as an emperor, and all the kings. crowned that did hold of him.

Then he shall present the king with one sword, and welcome the emperor with a speech.

Also at the conduit in the stocks, there shall be made one castle and an orchard, and one garden made by advice, and shall be with birds singing upon trees, and divers manner of wild beasts, and motes with sluices, with fishes swimming in them.

And out of two ports of the corners shall come two men, one like the king, another like the emperor, having two swords in their hands, clean armed, and shall meet and kiss, and the Father of heaven being over their heads, blessing them.

Also at the great conduit in Cheapside shall be two ports, one shall be the east gate, and the other shall be the west; and at the coming of the east gate there shall be there a rose, like to the bud of a rose, and so to come down and open more and more, and at the last it shall be opened all.

And there shall be a maiden with a red rose and a white in her hands, cloathed in cloath of gold, delivering unto the king the red rose, and to the emperor the white rose. Also at the standard in the Cheap there shall be the storie of King Solomon, with his

progeny.

Also a cross in the Cheap, gilded after the best manner.

Also at the little conduit in the Cheap shall be the assumption of Our Lady, as goodly as can be wrought, &c. angels, archangells, patriarchs, prophets, with the apostles in the heavenlyest manner. The sun, the moon, with the starrs shining bright, which shall open and bow down to the honour of Our Lady, with voices of young choiristers, the which shall sing most sweetly, as may be devised by musick.

SPEECHES IN THE TRIAL OF DIVORCE BETWEEN HENRY VIII. AND
QUEEN CATHERINE.

The four following articles are the Speeches of the different parties at the famous trial of Divorce, before Wolsey and Campeius, as papal commissioners, 21st June, 1529. The Speeches are here given rather more fully than in the Chronicles.

The Speech of Queen Katherine, which she made when she was called upon, about the Divorce of her and the King, who rose out of her chair, and came to the King, and kneeling down at his feet, said as followeth :

SIR,

In what have I offended you? Or what occasion of displeasure have I given you, intending thus to put me from you? I take God to be my judge, I have been to you a

true and humble wife, ever comformable to your will and pleasure; never contradicting or gain-saying you in any thing: being always contented with all things, wherein you had any delight, or took any pleasure, without grudge, or countenance of discontent or displeasure. I loved, for your sake, all them whom you loved, whether I had cause or no; whether they were my friends, or my enemies. I have been your wife these twenty years or more, and you had by me divers children; and when you had me first, I take God to be my judge, that I was a maid: and whether it be true or no, I put it to your own conscience. If there be any just cause that you can alledge against me, either of dishonesty, or matter lawful to put me from you, I am content to depart, to my shame and confusion; and if there be none, then I pray you to let me have justice at your hands. The king, your father, was, in his time, of such an excellent wit, that he was accounted amongst all men for wisdom, to be a second Solomon; and the king of Spain, my father Fardinand, was accounted one of the wisest princes that had reigned in Spain for many years. It is not, therefore, to be doubted, but that they had gather ed as wise counsellors unto them, of every realm, as to their wisdoms they thought meet: And I conceive, that there were in those days, as wise and well-learned men, in both the realms, as be now at this day, who thought the marriage between you and me good and lawful. Therefore it is a wonder to me, what new inventions are now invented against me. And now to put me to stand to the order and judgment of this court, seems very unreasonable. For you may condemn me for want of being able to answer for myself; as having no council, but such as you assigned me; who cannot be indifferent on my part, since they are your own subjects, and such as you have taken, and chosen out of your own council; whereunto they are privy, and dare not disclose your will, and intent. Therefore I humbly pray you, to spare me, untill I may know, what council my friends in Spain will advise me to take: and if you will not, then your pleasure be fulfilled. And with that she rose up, and departed, never more appearing in any court.

King Henry the VIIIth's Speech upon the Queen's departure out of the Court.

I WILL now, in her absence, declare this unto you all, That she has been unto me as true and obedient a wife, as I could wish, or desire. She has all the virtuous qualities, that ought to be in a woman of her dignity, or in any other of mean condition. She is also surely a noble woman born: Her condition will well declare it.

The Speech of Queen Katherine to Cardinal Campeius, and Wolsey, they being sent by the King.

My lords, I cannot answer you so suddenly; for I was set, among my maids, at work, little thinking of any such matter; wherein there needs a longer deliberation, and a better head than mine, to make answer For I have need of council in this case, which concerns me so near: and for any council, or friends that I can find in England, they are not for my profit. For it is not likely that any Englishman will council me, or be a friend to me against the king's pleasure, since they are his subjects; and for my council, in which I may trust, they are in Spain.

The Speech of Cardinal Campeius, upon King Henry the VIIIth's calling for Judgment. I WILL not give judgment, till I have made relation to the pope of all our proceedings; whose council, and command, I will observe. The matter is too high for us to give an hasty judgment, considering the highness of the persons, and doubtfulness of the case; and also whose commissioners we be, under whose authority we sit. It were therefore reason that we should make our chief head a council in the same, before we proceed to a definitive sentence. I came not to please, for favour, need, or dread, of any person alive, be he king, or otherwise. I have no such respect to the person, that I will offend my conscience. I will not, for the favour or disfavour of any high estate, do that thing, which shall be against the will of God.-I am an old man, (both weak and sickly) that look daily for death. I will not wade any farther in this matter, untill I have the opinion and assent of the pope.

OATH MADE TO HENRY THE EIGHTH.

The Parliament which met 25 January 1534, formally abolished the papal authority in England, and settled the terms of an oath of supremacy, to be taken to the king as head of the church, and which was administered to the subjects by royal commissioners named for that purpose.

Formula seu Exemplar Professioms et Juramenti exhibiti Henrico Octavo Regi per Episcopos et Clerum in Convocatione in Parliamento, Anno Domini 1534. Contra Authoritatem Romani Pontificis, &c.

INVICTISSIMO ac pientissimo in Christo principi et domino nostro, Domino Henrico Octavo, Dei gratiâ, Angliæ et Franciæ regi, fidei defensori, domino Hiberniæ, ac in terris supremo ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, sub Christo, capiti; vestri humiles subditi et devotissi

mi oratores.

Reverentiam et obedientiam tam excellenti et præpotenti principi, debitas et condignas, cum omni subjectionis honore.

Nos non vi aut metu coacti, dolove, aut aliqua alia sinistra machinatione ad hoc inducti, sive seducti, sed ex nostris certis scientiis, animis deliberatis, merisque et spontaneis voluntatibus, purè, spontè, et absolutè in verbo sacerdotii, profitemur, spondemus ac juramus illustrissimæ vestræ majestati, singulari ac summo domino nostro et patrono Henrico octavo, Dei gratiâ, Angliæ et Franciæ regi, fidei defensori, domino Hiberniæ, ac in terris ecclesiæ supremo immediatè sub Christo, capiti, quod posthac, nulli externo imperatori, regi, principi aut prælato, nec Romano pontifici, quem papem vocant, fidelitatem aut obedientiam, verbo vel scripto, simpliciter vel sub juramento, promittemus, aut dabimus, vel dari curabimus: sed omni tempore, casu, et conditione, partes vestræ regiæ majestatis, ac successorum vestrorum, sequemur et observabimus, et pro virili defendemus contra omnem hominem, quem vestræ majestati, aut successoribus vestris adversarium cognoscemus, vel suspicabimur: solique vestræ regiæ majestati, velut supremo nostro principi et ecclesiæ Anglicanæ capiti fidelitatem et obedientiam, sincerè et ex animo

præstabimus. Papatum Romanum non esse a deo in sacris literis ordinatum, profitemur sed humanitùs traditum constantèr affirmamus et palam declaramus, ac declarabimu, et ut alii sic publicent diligentèr curabimus. Nec tractatum cum quocunque mortalium, privatim aut publicè inibimus aut consentiemus, quod pontifex Romanus aliquam auctoritatem, vel jurisdictionem ampliùs hic habeat aut exerceat, aut ad ullam posthac restituatur. Ipsumque Romanum episcopum modernum, aut ejus in illo episcopatu successorem quemcunque non papam, non summum pontificem, non universalem episcopum nec santissimum dominum sed solum Romanum episcopum vel pontificem, ut priscis mos erat scienter publicè asseremus. Juraq. et statuta hujus regni pro extirpatione et sublatione papatus et auctoritatis ac jurisdictionis dicti Romani episcopi, quandocunq. ædita sive sancita pro viribus, licentia et ingeniolis nostris ipsi firmiter observabimus, et ab aliis sic observari, quantum in nobis fuerit curabimus atq. efficiemus. Nec posthac ad dictum Romanum episcopum appellabimus aut appellanti consentiemus; nec in ejus curiâ pro jure aut justitiâ agemus, aut agenti respondebimus, nec ibidem accusatoris vel rei personam sustinebimus. Et si quid dictus episcopus per nuncium vel per litteras nobis significaverit qualecunq. id fuerit, illud quàm citissimè commodè poterimus, aut vestræ regiæ majestati, aut vestris a secretis consiliariis, vestrive successoribus aut eorum a secretis consiliariis significabimus aut significari faciemus. Nosq. litteras aut nuncium ad eundem Romanum episcopum vel ejus curiam nec mittemus nec mitti faciemus, nisi vestrâ majestate consciâ et consciente aut vestro successore, quod dictæ littore vel nuncius, ad illum deferatur: bullas, brevia aut rescripta quecunq. pro nobis vel aliis ab episcopo Romano, vel ejus curia non impetrabimus, vel ut talia quovis impetrentur, non consulemus. Et si talia pro nobis insciis aut ignorantibus generalitèr vel specialitèr impetrabuntur, vel aliâs quomodolibet concedentur, eis renunciabimus et non consentiemus, nec utemur eisdem ullo modo: at eas vestræ majestati aut successoribus vestris tradi curabimus. Exemptioni vero, qua Romano episcopo, vel summo (quem vocant) pontifici aut ipsi quocunq. nomine appelletur, ejusve Romanæ ecclesiæ mediatè vel immediatè subjecti sumus vel fuimus, ipsiusq. concessionibus privilegiis, largitionibus indultis quibuscunq. expressè in his scriptis renuntiamus et soli vestræ majestati nos subditos et subjectos profitemur ac nos subjicimus et solummodò subditos fore spondemus. Nec eidem Romano pontifici, vel ejus nunciis, oratoribus, collectoribus aut legatis, ullam procurationem, pentionem, portionem, censum, aut quamcunq. aliam pecuniarum summam, quocunq. nomine appelletur, per nos aut interpositam personam vel personas, solvemus, nec solvi faciemus. Preterea in vim pacti, profitemur et spondemus ac in verbo sacerdotali et sub fidelitate vestrâ majestate debita, et nostra coram deo conscientia promittimus, quod contra hanc nostram prædictam professionem et sponsionem, nulla dispensatione, nulla exceptione, nulla appellatione aut provocatione, nullovè juris vel facti remedio, nos utebimur: et si quam protestationem in præjudicium hujus professionis et sponsionis fecimus, eam in præsens et in omne tempus, futurum revocamus et eidem renunciamus per præsentes litteras, quibus vel propriis vel procuratorum nostrorum de mandato nostro manibus nomina nostra subscripsimus ac eas nostri communis sigilli appensione et notarii publici infrascripti signo et subscriptione communiri curavimus. Dat. et acta in domo nostrâ capitulari.

Et ego Johannes Rheseus notarius, quia professioni sponsioni, juramenti præstationi, ac cæteris præmissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut præmittitur sub anno, mense, die, et loco prædictis agerentur et fierent una cum prænominatis testibus, personalitèr interfui, eaq. sic fieri et interponi vidi et audivi, ac mox ut gesta sunt in notam excepi. Ideo hoc præsens publicum instrumentum inde confeci et in hanc publicam et autenticam formam redegi. signoq, meo tabellionali, ac nomine et cognomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi, meq. hic subscripsi, in fidem et testimonium omnium et sigulorum præmissorum, rogatus legittimè et requisitus,