If it happeneth some days, that the wind will not suffer to take the word of the admiral, or admirals, they shall have, for every day in the week, the words following:

And for that it importeth, that all the armies do go close together, I do command, that the general, and wings, with great care, do procure to carry the squadrons as nigh, and in as good order, as is possible: And the ship and pinnaces of the charge of Don Antonio de Hartado de Mendosa, keep next unto the admiral, except six: Whereof, two shall follow the Admiral Don Pedro de Valdezi, and two the admiral of Martin Bretendona; the other two, the admiral of Juan Gomes de Medina: The which shall be appointed presently, and have great care to repart themselves, without the one thwarting the other: And the squadron of the hulks shall go always in the midst.

That no ship of the navy, nor any that goeth with them, shall depart without my license: And I do command upon pain of death, and loss of goods, that if by chance, with a storm, any be driven to depart before they come to the Cape Finister, that then they follow their course to the said Cape, where they shall have my order what to do; or else they shall sail to the Groyne, where they shall have it.

In departing from the Groyne, they shall set their course for Silley, and procure to make the souther side of it, having great care of their sounding: And if by chance in this course, any ship, or ships, do lose the fleet, they shall not return into Spain, in any manner, upon pain of death, and the loss of goods, and taken for traytors, but follow the course, and make to the southward of the said island. And if any such do think the navy to be a-stern of him, he shall detain himself in the same height, playing up and down, and not to depart from his course.

And if it be thought that the navy is a-head, then you shall seek them in Mont's-bay, which is betwixt the land's end and the Lizard, there shall you have the whole navy, or intelligence what he shall do; and yet for all this, if he do not meet with the navy, yet shall he find pinnaces with order what shall be done.

In the night, there shall be great vigilance for the admiral, to see if she change her course, or make about. Before she goeth about, she will shoot off a piece; and, being about, will put forth another light, upon the poop apart from the lanthorn; who that doth see it, shall answer with another light.

When he doth take away bonnets, or shorten the sails, he shall shew lights, one in the poop, and the other two shrowed high.

When that for any occasion he shall strike all sails, he shall shew three lights, one in the top, another in the shrouds, and the third in the fore-castle; and the rest shall shew it, with putting forth a light, each upon his poop.

If any ship have any occasion to strike all her sails in the night, he shall shoot off a great piece, and put out a lanthorn all night, and those that are nighest unto him shall shew lights, for that other may procure it, and shall take in the sails till day: And, if necessity be great, shall shoot off another piece, and those, that do see it, shall answer with other two lights, making the like board.

When the admiral will have any communication, he will make a sign, putting a flag in the after misen near the lanthorn, and so they shall repair unto him, to know what he would have. If (which God for his mercy permit not) there happen any ship to take

fire, the next unto her shall make from her, sending first their boats and skiffs to succour and help, and so shall all the rest.

They shall have particular care, to put forth their fire in every ship, before the sun go

down.

In taking off their allowance of victuals, the soldiers shall let them that have the charge thereof, to deliver it, so that the soldiers shall not go down to take it nor choose it perforce, as in times they have done; and for this cause, shall be present the serjeant, or corporal, of the company or companies, where they are, for avoiding disorder, and that timely they have their portions; so that before night every body may have supped.

That no ship, nor other vessel of this navy, nor of any of those, that goeth subject under my jurisdiction, shall not be so bold to enter into any harborough, anchor, nor go a-shore, without the admirall doth it first, or with my special leave, upon pain of punishment hereof.

The colonels of the field, captains, lieutenants, ensigns, and officers, must have particular care, that the soldiers have always their armour clean, ready, and in order, for time of necessity, causing them to make them clean twice every week, and using themselves with them in such sort, that they may be expert at the time of need.

And for that, in the way, order shall be given, in what form every man shall put himself, if we do fight, I do command, that particular care be had, advising the gunners to have half butts with water and vinegar, as is accustomed, with bonnets, and old sails, and wet mantles to defend fire, that as often is thrown, as to have the like care to have shot made in good quantity, and that powder and match be ready for ship, and soldiers of the store, by weight, measure, and length; according to the order, that every ship hath to deliver unto him, that hath the charge thereof, according to use and custom. Also I order and command that there be a care, that all soldiers have their room clean, and unpestered of chests, and other things, without consenting in any case to have cards; and, if there be any, to be taken away presently; neither permit them to the mariners; and, if the soldiers have any, let me be advertised, that I may command them to be ta

ken away.

And for that the mariners must resort unto their work, tackle, and navigation, it is convenient that their lodgings be in the upper works of the poop, and fore-castle, otherwise the soldiers will trouble them in the voyage.

The artillery must stand in very good order, and reparted amongst the gunners, being all charged with their balls, and nigh unto every piece his locker, wherein to put his shot and necessaries, and to have great care to the cartridges of every piece, for not changing, or not taking fire; and that the ladles and sponges be ready at hand.

Every ship shall carry two boats lading of stones, to throw to profit, in the time of fight, on the deck, fore-castle, or tops, according to his burden; and shall carry two half pipes, to fill them with water in the day of battle, and repart them amongst the ordnance or other places, as shall be thought necessary, and nigh unto them, old clothes, or coverings which with wetting may destroy any kind of fire.

That the wild-fire be reparted to the people most expert, that we have for the use thereof, at due time; for that, if it be not overseen, giving charge thereof to those that do understand it, and such as we know, can tell how to use it, otherwise it may happen to great danger.

By the commandment that no ship shall go a-head the admirall, at the least in the night, none shall tarry a stern the vice-admirall, and every one to have a care to the trimming of his sails, according to the charge he hath, and the sailing of his ship: for the much that it importeth that all our navy do go close as possible as they may, and in this the captains, masters, and pilots, must have such great care, as of them is hoped. These my instructions are delivered unto every ship, and have their copy, firmed by

my hand, and registered by my secretary, the which shall be read by every purser of every ship publickly, to come to the note of all soldiers and mariners, whereby they may not pretend ignorance; and to the said pursers I ordain and command, that, thrice in the week, they be bound to read these my instructions publickly, and that they take witness of the fulfilling hereof, upon pain of him, that doth the contrary, shall receive punishment to the example of others.

All the above said, we command to be manifested, and to be kept without any breach for the service of his majesty, none to break them, or any part thereof, in no manner, upon pain they shall be severely punished, every one according to his estate and offence; all others reserved to our discretion. Made in the Gallion Saint Marten, at the road of Belline', the twenty-eighth of May, 1588.

The Authentic Speech of Queen Elizabeth to her Army encamped at Tilbury, under the Command of the Earl of Leicester, in the year 1588, when these Kingdoms were threatened with an Invasion from Spain.

This spirited harangue seems to have been preserved by Dr Sharpe, who sent it in a letter to the Duke of Buckingham, as what no man had but himself, or such as he had given it to. The letter is published in the Cabala, p. 342. The speech is thus introduced:

"I remember in 88, waiting upon the Earl of Leicester at Tilbury camp, and in 89, going into Portugal with my noble master the Earl of Essex, I learned somewhat fit to be imparted to your grace. "The Queen lying in the camp one night, guarded with her army, the old treasurer Burleigh came thither, and delivered to the Earl the examination of Don Pedro, who was taken and brought in by Sir Francis Drake, which examination the Earl of Leicester delivered unto me, to publish to the army in my next sermon. The sum of it was this.

"Don Pedro being asked what was the intent of their coming? stoutly answered the lords, what, but to subdue your nation and root it out.

"Good, said the lords, and what meant you then to do with the Catholicks? he answered, we meant to send them (good men) directly to heaven, as all you that are hereticks, to hell. Yea, but, said the lords, what meant you to do with your whips of cord and wire? (whereof they had great store in their ships) What? said he, we meant to whip you hereticks to death, that have assisted my masters rebels, and done such dishonors to our Catholick king and people. Yea, but what would you have done with, said they, their young children? They, said he, which were above seven years old, should have gone the way their fathers went, the rest should have lived, branded in the forehead with the letter L. for Lutheran, to perpetual bondage.

"This, I take God to witness, I received of those great lords upon examination taken by the council, and by commandment delivered it to the army.

"The Queen the next morning rode through all the squadrons of her army, as armed Pallas, attended by noble footmen, Leicester, Essex, and Norris, then Lord Marshal and divers other great lords. Where she made an excellent oration to her army, which the next day after her departure I was commanded to redeliver to all the army together, to keep a public fast." Cabala, sice Scrinia Sacra. Lond. 3d. Ed 1691. Fol. p. 343.

My loving People,

We have been perswaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit ourselves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery; but I assure you, I do not desier to live to distrust my faithful and loving people.

A village three miles below Lisbon.

Let tyrants fear; I have always so behaved myself, that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good will of my subjects, and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved in the midst and heat of the battle, to live or die amongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdoms, and for my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust.

I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too; and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.

I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crowns; and we do assure you in the word of a prince, they shall be duly paid you. In the mean time my lieutenant-general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valour in the field, we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdoms, and of my people.

The Copie of a Letter sent out of England to Don Bernardin Mendoza, Ambassador in France for the King of Spaine, declaring the State of Englande, contrary to the Opinion of Don Bernardin, and of all his Partizans, Spaniards, and others.

This letter is supposed to have been addressed to Don Bernardin Mendoza, both because of his former intrigues while ambassador in England, for which he was dismissed from the realm, and also on account of his activity in spreading reports of the victory which the Spaniards for some time alleged to have been achieved by their invincible Armadas. Don Bernardin was indeed not contented to celebrate the supposed and anticipated conquest of England, in a poem of his own composition; but moreover, while the Armada was lying in the narrow seas near Calais, he entered the church of Notre Dame at Paris, with his rapier advanced, crying, " Victory, victory!" in order to countenance a popular rumour that England was subdued, and the queen sent prisoner, over the Alps, where she was barefooted to make a renunciation of her heresy.-STOWE's Annals, p. 747. It is hardly necessary to add, that the letter is supposititious.

This letter, although it was sent to Don Bernardin Mendoza, yet, by good hap, the copies thereof aswell in English as in French, were found in the chamber of one Richard Leigh, a seminarie priest, who was lately executed for high treason, committed in the time that the Spanish armada was on the seas.

Whereunto are adjoyned certaine late advertisements concerning the losses and distresses happened to the Spanish navie, aswell in fight with the English navie in the narrow seas of England, as also by tempests and contrary winds, upon the west and north coasts of Ireland, in their return from the northern isles, beyond Scotland. Imprinted at London, by J. Vautrollier for Richard Field. 1588.

! At Tiburne, 30 August 1588.

My lord ambassador, though at the time of my last large writing to you of the state of this country, and of our long desired expectation of succours promised, I did not thinke to have had such a sorrowful occasion of any second writing, as now I have of a lamentable change of matters of estate here; yet I can not forbeare (though it be with as many sighes as lines) to advertise you of the truth of our miserable condition, as now to me and others of our partie the same appeareth to be; that by comparing of all things past in hope, with the present now in despaire, your lordship, who have had the principal managing hitherto of all causes of long time both here, and there in France, betwixt the king catholique, assisted with the potentates of the Holy league, and all our countrimen which have professed obedience to the church of Rome, may now fall into some new and better consideration, how our state both for our selves at home, and our brethren abroad, now at this present fallen (as it were) in utter despaire, may be revived and restored to some new hope, with better assurance of successe then hath In what termes happened hitherto. For which purpose I have thought it necessary to advertise you in England standwhat termes this countrey now standeth, farre otherwise then of late, both we at home, nion of the Caand others abroade, did make accompt of.

eth in the opi

tholiques.

The Spanish preparations

making.

Parma's army

You know how we have depended in firm hope of a change of the state of this countrey by the meanes of the devout and earnest incitations of the pope's holines, of the king catholique, and of other potentates of the Holy League, to take upon them the invasion and conquest of this realme; and by your assurances, and firme promises, we were now of a long season past perswaded, that the king catholique had taken upon him the same glorious act, and thereof from yeare to yeare we looked for the execution; being continually fed and nourished from you to continue our hope, and sundry times. solicited by your earnest requests, aud perswasions, to encourage our partie at home not to waver, as many were disposed, by sight of continual delayes, but to be ready to joyne with the outward forces, that should come for this invasion. Nevertheless the delayes and prolongations of times appointed for the coming of the king's forces, specially by sea, have bene so many, as untill this last spring, we were in despaire: at what time you advertised us with great assurance that all the king's preparations, which had bene in making ready these three or four years together, were nowe in full perfection, and without faile, would this sommer come into our seas with such mighty strength, as no . yeares in navie of England, or of Christendome, could resist or abide their force: and for more suertie, and for avoyding of all doubts, to make the intended conquest sure, the same should also have joyned to it the mightie armie which the Duke of Parma had made ready, The Duke of and kept in readinesse in the Low Countreyes all this yeare past, wherewith he should in Flaunders. land, and so both by sea and land, this realme should be invaded, and a speedie conquest made thereof, to the which were alwayes added sundry reasons: whereupon was gathered, that neither by sea, nor by land, there would be any great resistance found here, but No forreine a strong partie in this realme to joyne with the forreine force. For otherwise then with vade England such helps, to be assuredly had from hence, I know, it was alwayes doubted, that no for- without a strong reine force could prevaile against this realme, being (as it is) environed by sea, and land. notably replenished with more mightie and stronger people then any countrie in Chris- Hope of victo tendome. But with the hope of the landing of these great armies and our assistance in y by the Spa taking part, we here continued all this yeare past in assured hope of a full victorie, untill with assistance this last moneth. But alas, and with a deadly sorow, we must all at home, and abroade, of a partie in lament our sudden fall, from an unmeasurable high joye, to an unmeasurable deepe des- sommer." paire, and that so hastily fallen out, as I may say, we have seene in the space of eight or nine dayes in this last moneth of July, which was from the appearance of the catholique hope fallen in great navie upon the coast of England, until it was forced to flie from the coast of nine day es, Flanders near Callice, towards the unknowne parts of the cold north, all our hopes, all our buildings, as it now appeareth but upon an imagined conquest, utterly overthrowen, and as it were with a earthquake, all our castles of comfort brought to the ground,,

force could in

party in Eug

nish army,

England, this

All Spanishe