the two groups is neatly illustrated by the variants at 91, 29, where the archetype apparently had EXSERVISSEIVS. In the Memmianus group *this has been transformed by haplography into ex seruis eius. M3 has preserved, with a slight change of spelling, the right reading, exeruisse ius, corrected in R', a later manuscript of the Medicean group, to the more intelligible exercuisse ius. V agrees with Min preserving the verb, but goes its own way and gives us, by dittography, exseruisse eius. The independence of V is vouched for by such examples as the following:

49, 15 ut c· AV1

et brutum M3

50, 28 praesident idem AV prae se identidem M

55, 23 uirili toga AV

62, 10 sedulo lentius AV1

uirilem togam M3

sedulo uiolentius M3

73, 32 etiam memoriam AVA etiam in memoriam M 80, 21 in eius signum rei p· quam AV1

in sinum eius signum rei

In the Ambrosian Library at Milan

Am Ambrosianus H. 90. Parchment, small folio, early XV. century. Ambrosianus H. 144. Paper, 4°, early XV. century (1432).

The first of these two I excerpted fully through the Julius. It is a manuscript of the second class, akin to B3 and B1, with which it will be discussed below. The second is in a deplorable state, largely motheaten, and apparently still food for moths. I made no excerpts.

In the British Museum

B Lat. Cl. 12009. Parchment, XV. century.

This manuscript, which for lack of time I had been obliged to pass over in 1898, I excerpted for the Julius. It proves to be of the second class, and closely related to B (Lat. Cl. 31914); and in these two, together with the Ambrosian codex (Am) mentioned above, and probably the Leyden codex (Z), we appear to have come upon a third group in the second class. The Milan and London codices are found to agree, in the excerpts in which comparison can be made, about five times out of six (Am B3 51:10; Am B* 54:10; B3 B* 48:12). In the case of L the amount of divergence is greater (Am L 39:10; BL 63:18; BL 37:14), owing to the fact that L has acquired a number of readings peculiar to itself, such as 11, 23 alias publico; 24, 5 eloquentis; 50, 28 praesedens identidem prae se; 55, 36 ex improbatis; 56, 10 romani populi. These figures are by no means decisive, but the conclusion to which they point is confirmed on a closer inspection of the various readings.1 The cases in my excerpts from the Julius in which Am B3 B* fail to agree are as follows:

3, 8 iulius caesar annum agens Am B1

annum agens caesar L

B

4, 5 regiae B

annum iulius caesar agens

For the excerpts from B3 and Z see vol. XII, p. 24 ff.

Some of these are of the nature of exceptions that prove the rule, as 4, 5 and 27, 29, where a reading which B shares with a very small number of manuscripts appears slightly varied in B'. Three or four at most might be held to prove the influence of other manuscripts. Nearly all readily explain themselves as the result of easy errors or intentional corrections or similar causes which are at work in the making of every manuscript. They have little force against the positive evidence of the list that follows, which includes those places only in which Am B3 B1, and usually Z, are found in agreement against one or both of the other groups of the second class :

4, 17 et triumphalem uirum Am B B L Flor uirum Urb

4, 34 tribunatu Am B® B✩ L 4, 35 auctores Am B3 B L 5, 18 mandatu Flor

triumphalemque

tribunatum Flor Urb

auctoresque Flor Urb

mandato Am B3 B± L Urb

26, 32 moranti cuspide Am B3 B^ L

Urb

29, 18 et in Am B3 B✩ L
30, 34 notas Am B3 B1 L Urb
32, 14 seu parum Flor Urb
33, 25 iulo Am Bo Ba L
33, 27 cuius rei Urb

moranti secus cuspide Flor

in Flor Urb

Med Ambr

nota Flor

We have here sufficient evidence to show that Am B3 B1 L, which for convenience I shall call the Ambrosian group, represent a tradition to some extent distinct from those represented by the other groups of the second class. To illustrate now how the several groups of both classes array themselves in support of various readings I give the following examples from the Julius:

et triumphalem uirum Flor Ambr

seu propter parum Am B3 Ba L
iulio Urb ilio Flor
quam rem Am B B✩ Flor

4, 17 et triumphalem Class I triumphalemque uirum Urb

4, 30 desidere Mem Flor Urb Ambr dissidere V Med 4,34 tribunatu Class I Ambr tribunatum Flor Urb

4,35 actores Class I 9, 8 pollicendi Flor Urb Ambr 9, 23 accensus Class I Flor Ambr accensus funis (or ter funis)

Urb

10, 6 licerentur Mem V Flor Urb Ambr ducerentur Med

II, 17 consulatus Mem

consulatu Flor Urb

auctores Ambr auctoresque Flor Urb pollicenti Class I

11, 23 alias priuato sumptu addidit Flor Urb Ambr Mem V aliis p. s. additis Med 12, 18 et Urb Ambr 12, 33 praedia Class I Flor Ambr

sed Class I Flor

16, 12 et fugientem Flor Urb Ambr
17, 9 dextra atque Flor Urb Ambr
18, 4 regione Class I in regione Flor Urb Ambr
18, 19 ac Mem Flor Urb Ambr

et VA Med
22, 6 ecce — gallias Flor Urb Ambr
effutuisti Class I

22, 27 aurum Flor Urb Ambr

24, 2 oratorum Flor Urb Ambr

om. Class I

auro

prandia Urb

effugientem Class I dextraque Class I

consularis 4

oratorem Class I

a. p. s. addit

stuprum emisti

24, 25 caesaris Class I Urb Ambr

om. Flor

29, 18 deuersorio (or diuersorio) loco Class I in div. loco Flor Urb et in div. loco Ambr

nota V1 Flor

seu propter parum Ambr

30, 34 notas Mem Med Urb Ambr
32, 14 seu parum Class I Flor Urb
32, 26 libris Flor Urb Ambr om. Class I
33, 25 iulo Med Ambr
33, 27 cuius rei Class I Urb

iulio V Urb ilio Mem Flor
quam rem Flor Ambr

Of the remaining manuscripts in the British Museum1 I selected for examination in the limited time at my disposal these two:

B Lat. Class. Arundel 32. Paper, 4°, XV. century.
B Lat. Class. 21098. Paper, small 4o, XV. century.

The Arundel manuscripts in the Museum were transferred to that institution from the Royal Society in 1831. The largest part of them, according to the Catalogue, were purchased by the Earl of Arundel in Nuremberg in 1636. That B was in this Nuremberg collection is not stated, but is not improbable. It is of Italian origin, the writer giving his name as 'M. Terentius lunensis.' It contains the twelve lives, as twelve books, occupying 113 leaves, with 33 lines to a page. It is written in a plain, business-like, semi-cursive hand, with no attempt at caligraphy or ornamentation of any kind, except here and there a dash of red drawn obliquely across a letter - usually a capital2—and superscriptions in red. Space has been left at the beginning of each life for a large capital initial, but has not been filled. Otherwise the text is written solid, interrupted by no subject-headings or paragraph marks. There are marginal capitula, some in red, some in black by a later hand. There are no corrections except a few in the text by the writer himself. The Greek passages are omitted entirely, sometimes ignored;

1 The Museum possesses thirteen manuscripts of the Lives: Regius 15.C.III, XII. century; Regius 15.C.IV.1, early XIII. century; and the following of the XV. century: Lat. Class. 12009, 12010, 21098, 24913, 31914, Arundel 32, Lansdowne 838, Harley 5342.64a, Burney 259 and 260, Sloane 2509.

? This trick of the scribes has the effect of making the letter i resemble y, and is no doubt responsible in many cases for such misspellings as tyberius, ymagine, Ynfanti, Yre, etc.