This large establishment was originally intended not only for the supply of biscuit for the Russian Navy, but for export in the shape of flour in place of wheat. The Crimean war, the destruction of Sebastopol, and the subsequent treaty of peace, whereby it was agreed that no vessels of war should be retained on the Black Sea excepting those for the protection of commerce, have changed the objects originally contemplated by the erection of these mills, and have caused the Company to abandon the Baking department, and confine their operations to the simple process of grinding, dressing, &c.

It is for these reasons that we are necessitated to confine our description to the various processes through which the corn passes; and as the construction of the various machines and the mechanical appliances for the saving of manual labour are described in detail at the end of this section, further reference to them here is rendered unnecessary.

In order to make the description as complete as possible, we append a list of wheels and speeds, including the Table of References, which will also be found serviceable.

and in which it revolved. The form given to these stones was a curve termed the equitangential tractory, which by revolving on its axis generates the conoid.

The other conical flour mill was the invention of Mr. Westrup. The points of peculiarity in this mill were, that there were two pairs of stones to each mill. Between the two pairs of stones a cylindrical screen of about 2 feet inches high was fixed. The lower instead of the upper stones revolved, and brushes were attached to the spindle, in the space between the two sets of stones, by which the finest flour is brushed through the vertical cylinder. The bottom stones are convex, and make about 250 revolutions per minute; the upper ones are concave, and about 2 feet 6 inches diameter. When the eye-hole is cut out, it leaves some 9 inches of grinding surface, and in that width the bevel of the cone is 4 inches. Cold air is introduced between the stones by means of a fan, which blows out the meal from between them. The stones are fed by means of a hopper placed on one side, with a feed pipe in the top of it, and an upright spindle carrying a dish, which, revolving quickly, evenly distributes the corn.

87.7 revolutions of main driving shaft.

millstones and upright shafts.

cross shaft for driving dressing machines.
shafts.

cross shaft for driving wheat screens, &c.
cross shaft for driving fans and creepers.
dressing machines.

wheat screens.

fan for screens.

creepers under wheat screens.

counter shaft for driving separator. separators.

creepers over the wheat separators.

cross shaft for large creeper over wheat garners. large creeper over wheat garners.

small creeper over wheat garners.

small creeper over bolting machines, garners, and cooling room. small creeper for meal in ground floor,

elevators for wheat and meal.

chain barrels 10 inches diameter for hoists.

cross shafts for bolting machines.

second cross shaft on bolting machines.

bolting machines.

scraper shaft.

scrapers.

140

9

242

1

164.3

192

5

140

3

500

1 3

7

24

22/ 75

164.3

REFERENCES TO PLATES XII. XIII. AND XIV.

X, X, the walls of the mill.

Y, Y, Y, columns for strengthening the building and supporting the floors.

a, a, a, the roof of the building.

f, the steam engine by which the mill is driven.

b, the cylinder.

c, the condenser.

d,d, the feed pipes.
e, the governors.
g, the main beam,

h, h, the foundations.

1, the spur fly wheel of the engine.

m, the pinion gearing into the above.

M, M, the main horizontal shaft.

N, N, bevel mortice wheels and pinions by which the millstone spindles are driven.

o, o, the standard frame and inverted cone supporting the millstones. P, P, the millstone cases.

Q, the elevator for lifting the wheat from the garners to the separator. R, the creeper to supply the separators.

s, S, s, the separators.

T, T, the wheat screens.

J, J, the fan attached to the wheat screens.

U, U, U, the creeper conveying the grain to

v, V, V, the wheat bins, and through

w, w, w, the feed pipes, to

A, A, A, the hoppers, and to

B, B, B, the millstones.

c, c, c, the creeper for conveying the ground corn to

D, the meal elevator.

E, E, the creeper for conveying the ground corn to the cooling rooms ready to be supplied as required to

F, F, the dressing machines.

G, G, the creeper for conveying the ground corn to

H, H, the garners of the bolting machines.

K, K, the bolting machines.

L, L, the shafts for driving the subordinate machinery.

B', the bevel wheels giving motion to the cross shaft of the dressing machines.