Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure

abrupt achieved Adapted agricultural analysis approach areas atmosphere Biodiversity biological CALIFORN CALIFORNIA carbon cascading cause century challenge clear climate climate change complex concentration consequences critical cycle decade Demand DIEGO SAN drivers dynamics Earth System functioning Earth System science ecosystem effects environment evidence example Figure forcings fossil fuel functioning future global change global environmental change global sustainability human activities human-driven IGBP SCIENCE impacts important increasing individual integrated interacting International knowledge land land-use change lead LIBRARY major natural natural variability needed observations occurred Ocean operating past patterns planet planetary population present processes production programmes Project questions range rates recent record reefs regional response role RSITY SAN DIEGO scientific shows significant simulation sink SITY societies soil Source space species strategies stresses studies suggest surface temperature terrestrial thresholds understanding UNIV UNIVERSITY variability WCRP