Warfare in Northern Europe Before the Romans: Evidence from ArchaeologyThis book traces the developments in the defences, weaponry and armour of the northern 'barbarians' from the earliest traces of stone age aggression to the sophisticated warfare of the tribes who met the Romans in battle. It uses evidence from monuments such as the great hillforts of the Bronze and Iron Ages, including Maiden Castle in Dorset and Alesia in France, as well as the amazing archaeological finds seen in museums and collections across northern Europe. Period by period, the ways in which the peoples of Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Scandinavia developed defensive and offensive strategies are brought together for those interested in both military history and in the development of our societies and countryside. Evidence from many countries is used to shed light on the centuries before written records and to redress the balance of our understanding which has often been too heavily influenced by Roman propaganda!As featured in Essence Magazine. |
Contents
Evidence for | |
Early Warfare | |
The Coming of Metal | |
The Rise of | |
Warfare in Iron Age Northern Europe | |
The Roman Perspective | |
Conclusions The End of Prehistory Further Reading | |
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Common terms and phrases
appear archaeological army arrowheads artefacts Atrebates attack axes ballista barrow battle began Belgae blade boat bodies bones Britain British Bronze Age sword built burial Caesar Camulodunum Catuvellauni causewayed enclosure cavalry Celtic Celts centre century BC Chalcolithic chariots Commius common conquest dagger dated decoration defences Denmark developed ditch Early Bronze Age enclosure evidence examples excavated farming fighting Figure force forms France Gaul Germany graves Greek groups helmets Helvetii Hill hillforts hilts horses human Iron Age land landscape large number Late Bronze Age later Mediterranean Mesolithic metal metres Middle Bronze Age murus gallicus Neolithic Nervii northern Europe oppida oppidum organisation palisade perhaps period places Plate possible pottery probably raiding rampart rapiers region Rhine ritual river rock carvings Roman settlements shields skulls soldiers spearheads spears status stone Sugambri suggest survive swords symbols territory Thames timber trade trauma tribal tribes troops Vercingetorix villages violence wall warfare warriors