heeded by Presbyterian churches, and they will come forward and take charge of a great host of laborers for the vineyard of the Lord. But suppose now, when they do this, the Congregationalists should say; 'See, the Presbyterians are filling our country with their pupils and friends. They have a great Society, great Seminaries, many Scholarships, and great zeal for Presbyterianism; and if we wait much longer, they will be too strong for us, and Congregationalism will be driven from the land. What is to be done? Why this we can do: We can call aloud on the public, and rouse them up to an apprehension of future dangers to their religious freedom, and their welfare. We can easily excite the jealousies of the West on this subject, who are already filled with apprehension. We can thus make the candidates of the Presbyterian ministry objects of suspicion, and cause the public zeal in favour of raising them up greatly to abate. And thus Congregationalism may still be safe." What could the Reviewer object to this? It is difficult for me to see; for has he not, by implication, done the same thing? The rectitude of his intention, I do not mean to call in question. The correctness of the principle, on which his popular appeal to suspicion and party feeling is evidently grounded, (although he may not be conscious of it), is what can never for a moment be defended, until it is decided, that Congregationalists are heretics, and that they have a design to destroy the Presbyterian churches. last topic proposed for consideration; viz. III. The method which the Reviewer has chosen, in order to accomplish his object. I frankly confess, that I have a deep feeling on this subject. The obligation to communicate serious doubts and fears, about the tendency of any measures so important as those of the American Education Society, I do fully recognize. The privilege of doing it, is an undoubted one. But how shall this be done? Shall the tocsin of alarm be sounded through the United States; and all the enemies of religion be set in motion, and have their mouths filled with matter of accusation against the American Education Society? Thousands will read or hear these accusations or objections, who never listen to the present, or to any answer whatever. Is it best to afford matter of clamour to such men? If the Reviewer had serious objections, why not make them directly to the American Education Society or to its Directors, and have them canvassed in the meeting of the Society, or of the Board? Is there any ground to suppose, that they would not have received an earnest and respectful attention? None. Why then should the public mind be awakened to suspicion, or be agitated about this matter, before it had been canvassed accomplish objects of this nature in by the Society? If it be proper to such a way, then may such members of the Presbyterian Church as approve of the writer's views, find hereafter deep reason to regret, that they have sanctioned a principle, which allows all their efforts to endow Sem inaries of learning, classic or sacred, to be held up as objects of suspicion and of danger. know, that many, very many memBut I do believe, I may say that I bers of the Presbyterian Church never will, and never can, approve either of the reasoning and arguments of the Reviewer, or of the method which he has chosen, in order that they should be felt by the public. "Est modus in rebus." A great concern like this should not be transacted by an appeal to popular feeling; above all, by an appeal which has its basis in a view of facts altogether imperfect, and in many respects entirely erroneous. As a friend of the American Education Society, as a disinterested friend, I feel that this Society has reason to complain of such a proceeding; and, if I may judge of the sympathies of others who have read the Reviewer's remarks, I believe its friends will complain aloud, and far and wide too, that justice has not been done the Society, and that it is not guilty of the mistakes laid to its charge, nor any more exposed to future dangers, than every Society and Seminary in the country, and throughout the world. The Reviewer will, I trust, forgive the plainness of these remarks, after the plainness with which he has expressed his own views. That they are published to the world, is the necessary result of his own Strictures having been published. Whoever he may be, I honour his talents, and the warmth of his heart in the great and good cause, although I differ widely from him as to some facts, and some principles of reasoning. If a f any thing which I have said bears hardly upon him, it results from necessity, not from choice. I could not help endeavouring to shew the true result and bearing of his allegations and his reasoning; and if in doing this, there may now and then be something which presses hard, it is not because I wish it, but because the nature of the case demands it. After all, the American Education Society fear no convassing, either in public or in private. They exclaim with one voice, if our cause cannot be sustained by appeal to reason and argument, and Christian principle, then let it go down. That it can be sustained, I do most fully believe; and I have here proffered my feeble aid, to assist in this great object. But I am most fully aware, that neither my aid nor that of all its present friends will be adequate to accomplish and to secure all the important objects which it has in view. To God and the Saviour, I would most sincerely, most devoutly commend it; and it is my earnest supplication, that the smiles of Heaven may be continually afforded it; that all its benevolent measures may be blessed; that its friends and its opposers, (if it should have them) may yet be united in rejoicing over it as the happy instrument of turning many to righteousness; and that future generations may rise up and call it blessed. SELF MADE MEN. MISCELLANY. No inconsiderable proportion of the men, who have been distinguished blessings to the Church and the world, in every age, are from the number of those, who are expressively termed self made men. They have arisen from obscurity to the highest posts of honor and respect by powerful and persevering effort. Such men the church of Christ needs preeminently at the present time. Any system of charitable aid, which should have the tendency to repress a single energy of such minds, we should depre cate as a sore evil. We have recently met with some conspicuous instances, in the profession of Law, in Great Britain, which are taken from a lustrations of the remarks on this subject in London paper. They afford very good ilour present number by Prof. Newman. "Lord Stowell, one of the greatest civilians of the age, supported himself at College as a private tutor. His brother, the late Lord Chancellor, Eldon, was originally bred an attorney, and was prompted by private reasons to enter himself at the bar. The Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench is the son of a hair-dresser at Canterbury, and was educated at the Grammar School, which is a charitable foundation. The pre sent Lord Chancellor is the son of Mr.Copely the painter. The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas is the son of a county attorney. The Solicitor General is also a hairdresser's son, and was clerk to Mr. Groom, the late Lord Londonderry's Solicitor. His admission to the bar was opposed on that very ground, but granted by the exertions of Mr. Hargrave, who supported it in reference to the talents which the young applicant had displayed in a legal work. Mr. Sergeant Wild was an attorney in the city. Of the King's counsel, Mr. John Williams, is the son of an attorney in Cheshire, and Mr. Frederick Pollock of a saddler at Charing Cross; Mr. Bickersteth was lately a house surgeon in the family of Lord Clif ford; Mr. Gurney's Mother kept a bookseller's shop at Holborn. Mr. Campbell was a reporter on a morning paper as was also Mr. Sergeant Spankie before he went to India; and Mr. Stephen, the Master in Chancery, said he could not have gone to the bar, had he not supported himself as a reporter. Five Colonial Judges have been Reporters, and some of the most rising barristers at the present time were engaged in the same occupation. a distinguished lawyer, and a member of Congress. In that illustrious body, he had hardly his superior. Jefferson declared of him 'that he never said a foolish thing in his life.' Nathaniel Smith of Woodbury, Conn. was destitute of the means of an early education, and without the advantages of a liberal course of study, became, by the force of his own exertions, an eminent jurist and lawyer. He was many years a member of the General Assembly of Connecticut, four years a representative in Congress, and for thirteen years a judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Conn. was a striking instance of the self Eli P. Ashmun of Northampton, Ms. an eminent Lawyer and Senator in Congress never enjoyed the benefits of a liberal education. "These are living instances; there are numerous examples among the departed. Lord Kenyon was an attorney's Clerk; Lord Hardwick, first a peasant, afterwards an attorney's writer and office boy; Lord Thurlow used to boast of his own self elevation. Chief Justice Saunders, famous for his Reports, was actually a beggar boy, and was taken from charity into an attorJohn Sullivan, a Major General in the ney's office; Lord Gifford was the son of a Revolutionary army, was the son of an Irish grocer at Bristol, and owed his rise entirely schoolmaster of Berwick, Me. He possessto his having attracted the attention of Sired talents, which, united with uncommon Vicary Gibbs, who used to lodge at his father's house. Lord Erskine was a half-pay officer, without a shilling of property when he came to the bar. Curran owned truly, at the Prince of Wales's table, that he had been raised from the condition of a peasant only by the bar. Sir James Mackintosh and Sir Samuel Romily commenced their professional career with no fortune." To these illustrious examples we subjoin a few from American history.-Benjamin Franklin was the son of a tallow-chandler and soap-boiler in Boston. After engaging for a time in the same business, he was bound to his brother, who was a printer. Afterwards at Philadelphia and London he worked at the same trade. He filled some of the most important offices, in the gift of his country, and was one of the most distinguished Philosophers of any country. Roger Sherman of Connecticut was the son of poor parents, and was employed in his early life as a shoe-maker. He became VOL. II. 14 industry, enabled him to emerge from his obscure condition, and without the benefits of a college education, to enjoy the highest honors in the gift of his country. He was President of the first Council of New Hampshire, and member of the first Congress. Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, was a mere ploughman, till his 22d year. He was an eminent lawyer, President of Congress, Governor, and Chief Justice of Connecticut. George Walton, also one of the Signers, was, in early life, an apprentice to a carpenter. He was afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia, Governor of the State, and Senator in Congress. William Whipple of New Hampshire, an officer in the Revolutionary army, and one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, was, in early life, a cabin-boy and a sailor. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a United States Senator. He framed the Articles of Capitulation at the surrender of Burgoyne. Stephen Hopkins of Rhode Island, who belonged to the same illustrious band that signed the declaration of our liberties, was bred a plain farmer. He became a Speaker of the State Legislature, Chief Justice, Member of the American Philosophical Soc. &c. Our limits compel us to close the list of the illustrious men, who are emphatically styled "the architects of their own for tunes." We shall resume the subject in a future number, and shall exhibit all the marked instances, which may come to our knowledge in all the learned Professions. We regard it as a subject highly interesting, and one which holds out the strong voice of successful example to the young men of our country, who are aspiring to posts of usefulness, and who have no patrimony but indigence, and the genius which the God of nature has given them. EXTRACTS. The Grace of Humility. Pride is the most stubborn enemy to God in the human heart, and therefore God will persist all through life, in contriving and executing means to mortify it. All the way he leads us through the wilderness is a right way to humble us, and bring us down to our own place, that we may readily give him his own place, and rejoice in his highness. Study humiliation, therefore, for God is determined to humble you, if ever he saves you. Indeed, if you have any true spiritual wisdom, you will be thankful for every means which promotes this happy end, and endeavour to improve all your trials for the increase of your humility. Study the law and gospel, and your own heart and life, with this very point in view. Look back on the mischievous madness of your former course. Compare your present attainments with your advantages and obligations. Notwithstanding all the secret and awful methods God has taken with you, the obligations he has laid under, the infinite pains he has taken to bring you to a right spirit, how much unmortified pride and rebellion remains to this day! Was ever wretch so vile! How far, how infinitely far are you from being what you ought to be! What shame and confusion of face belong to you! Could you once have thought you would prove such a froward, ungrateful creature as you you have been since your conversion? How delusive. MISCELLANEOUS AND STATISTICAL. UNION OF STUDY WITH LABOR. small ones in money, and our present regu lations are exactly adapted to this fact. 3d. Labour on a farm contributes to health. Our students on the farm are as healthy as the same number of young men who live and labour continually on farms. Did our local situation justify it, we should have a work shop or shops, but as it is, the articles could not be vended. The following answers to questions, proposed by the Secretary of the American Education Society, exhibit many facts of an interesting nature concerning the practicability and utility of uniting useful labour with study. The answers are communicated by the Rev. Isaac Anderson, «The considerations and facts, which led SEMINARY AT DANVILLE, KENTUCKY.D. D. Professor in the Southern and Westus to the adoption of a plan for uniting ern Theological Seminary at Maryville, East manual labour with study,' were, 1st, The Tennessee; the Rev. James K. Burch, Pro- saving of expense, which is lessened at fessor in the Theological Seminary at Dan- preserving of the constitution of the stuleast one third, if not one half. 2d, The ville, Kentucky, and Secretary of the Ken- dents in a healthful and vigorous state, tucky Education Society; the Rev. John that when they come to the work of the hoMonteith, Principal of the Manual Labourly ministry, they may be prepared to 'endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Academy, Germantown, Pennsylvania; Mr. Christ.'" Osgood Herrick, President of the Mechanical Association in the Theological Seminary, Andover; Mr. Merritt Caldwell, Preceptor in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Readfield, Maine; and the Rev. Geo. W. Gale, Principal of the Oneida Institute, Whitesborough, New York. Question 1. What were the principal considerations and facts which led to the adoption of the plan of uniting manual labour with study in your Institution? SOUTHERN AND WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT MARYVILLE.-The reasons for adopting the system, were the following. 1st. The actual bread stuffs, meat, vegetables, and milk, that an individual will consume in a year, amount to very little. The quantity of corn necessary for one person might be purchased here for $5, his meat for about the same. Now if you will allow $10, which is amply sufficient, for his milk and vegetables, you will have but $20. Could his provisions be prepared gratis, you could have him boarded very cheaply. Now suppose you had thirty such students to board, if you can hire a person even at $150 to cook, it will be but the additional expense of $5 for each student, making but $25 a year for his boarding. Now it must be evident, if there is a farm that can be cultivated by the labour of the students, the produce must assist in meeting the expenses. A steward must generally have a family, the stock necessary for such a family is considerable; these two expenses consume a portion of the productions of the farm. 2d. It is much easier in this country to get large contributions in provisions, than MANUAL LABOUR ACADEMY, GermanTOWN.-"This Institution originated, as I and improve the character of young men, believe, in a desire to increase the number whose services are wanted in the gospel ministry. The facts and considerations' which led to the adoption of this plan, were chiefly such as experience in the business of gratuitous education had furnished, viz. -the heavy expense of supporting beneficiaries-their partial or entire loss of health-their want of an acquaintance with the ordinary and useful occupations so necessary in new countries-instances among them of falling into improper habits, and of declining in piety--and the prejudices which many uneducated but well meaning people entertain against a life of entire abstinence from labour." THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ANDOVER."The fact that the health of so many students had been injured, if not wholly destroyed, by a neglect of regular, systematic exercise, led to the formation of the plan. It was originally adopted solely for the purpose of invigorating and preserving health, without any reference to pecuniary profit.' Question 2. What provision has been made to furnish the means of such labour? By whom made, and at what expense ? MARYVILLE.-A farm was purchased by the Directors at $2,500. The horses, cattle, waggon, and farming utensils cost about $1,000 more.' DANVILLE." The provision made to furnish the means of labour, is the purchase of about 112 acres of first rate Kentucky land, and the erection thereon of substantial log buildings, sufficient for the accommodation of 40 or 50 persons, at an expense of about $3,000-$1,000 of which was giv. |