high reputation as a preacher, he died, on the 10th of December, 1814. He was married, in 1772, to one of his relatives, named Ann Scott, by whom he had three children. His virtues and talents have been warmly extolled; and it is certain that his charities were extensive, and his abilities much above mediocrity; but the fact of his having carried on legal hostilities against his parishioners, on the debateable subject of tithes for agistment, during twice the term of the Trojan war, will scarcely be deemed by posterity consistent with the meek yet dignified character of a protestant divine; nor will the present age, it is presumed, agree with those of his admirers, who pronounced his elocution to have excelled that of any man of his time, either in the pulpit or the senate; and who declared his sermons to have surpassed the finest compositions of Porteus or Blair, whether considered as elegant compositions, or persuasive exhortations.

BARRINGTON, (SHUTE, Bishop of Durham,) sixth son of the first Viscount Barrington, was born at Becket, in Berkshire, on the 26th of May, 1734. After having studied for some time at Eton, he was removed, in 1752, to Merton college, Oxford; where he obtained a fellowship, and proceeded to the degrees of M. A. and D. C. L. Having entered into holy orders, he was appointed a king's chaplain, on the accession of George the Third; a canon of Christchurch, in 1761; a canon of St. Paul's, in 1768; and bishop of Llandaff, on the 4th of October, in the following year. In 1777, he exchanged his canonry of St. Paul's for the collegiate church of Windsor; and on the decease of Dr. Hume, he succeeded that prelate in the see of Salisbury; from which he was translated to that of Durham, in 1791. He died on the 25th day of March, 1826, leaving no issue, although he had been twice married: first, to Lady Diana Beauclerc; and, secondly, to the daughter of Sir John Guise, baronet. In his senatorial capacity, Bishop Barrington rendered himself conspicuous by his strenuous hostility to a petition for abolishing subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles; and by his attempt, in 1779, to carry a bill for the prevention of adultery. He

published a political life of his brother, William, second Viscount Barrington; and a number of occasional sermons and visitation charges, most of which were collected and reprinted, about the year 1811. He was attacked, with some severity, in 1783, for having animadverted, in one of his productions, on the increasing substitution of Calvinistic doctrines, by divines of the church of England, for practical divinity; and in 1806, he was accused of having "preached up a holy crusade against the opinions and persons of the catholics," in a sermon, entitled, The Grounds on which the Church of England separated from the Church of Rome. From this circumstance, a controversy arose between several eminent divines, in consequence of which, he published, as a supplement to his previous performance relative to the separation of the two churches, but under the same title, reasons against the literal sense of the words, "This is my body, this is my blood." In the performance of his various important duties as a prelate, he evinced uncommon piety, judgment, and zeal. He personally examined all candidates for holy orders, and rejected those who appeared, from any cause, unworthy of ordination, however strongly they might be recommended. One of his relatives, trusting to advancement through his patronage, having intimated a desire to enter the church, the bishop inquired with what preferment he would be contented. Five hundred a year will satisfy all my wants," was the reply. "You shall have that amount," said the conscientious prelate; "not out of the patrimony of the church, but from my private fortune." His charitable donations were truly munificent. In conjunction with Sir Thomas Bernard, he established the society for bettering the condition of the poor; that for the support and education of blind children, in St. George's fields; and the fever hospital, in Gray's-inn-lane. He appropriated one entire sum of £60,000, which he had recovered in a suit respecting some mines in his diocese, to the foundation of charity-schools, and the relief of poor clergymen and their families. Although particularly hostile to the doctrines of the church of Rome, the French bishops and clergy who

sought refuge in England at the time of the revolution, found in him a most liberal benefactor; as did the poor Vaudois, when the misery they were suffering was made known to the public by Gilly's Narrative of an Excursion to the Mountains of Piedmont. It would be difficult, perhaps, to point out any important charitable institution in the kindom to which he did not contribute, either by donations during his lifetime, or a bequest at his decease. He was a patron of learned men; and, in addition to his other literary labours, is said to have contributed many valuable notes to Bowyer's Critical Conjectures on the New Testament.

TOPLADY, (AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE,) the son of a captain, who died at the siege of Carthagena, was born at Farnham, in Surrey, on the 4th of November, 1740, and educated at Westminster school, and Trinity college, Dublin. After having taken the degree of B.A. he entered into holy orders, and obtained the living of Broad Hembury, in Devonshire, where he composed many able works in support of the Calvinism of the church of England. Finding that the air of Devonshire had a detrimental effect on his constitution, after having, in vain, attempted to exchange his living for another of equal value in the midland counties, he settled in London, and engaged the chapel belonging to the French protestants, in Leicester-square, where he preached twice a week, so long as his health would permit; but, for some time before his death, which took place on the 11th of August, 1788, he was capable of officiating only at considerable intervals. His works, which appear to be almost exclusively in support of predestination, are contained in seven volumes, octavo; the last of which was posthumously published. It is generally acknowledged, that he possessed extraordinary talent as a preacher, and was, as a writer, one of the most gifted champions of pure Calvinism, in modern times. Although reputed, by his disciples, in his lifetime, to be austere in the extreme, and so absorbed in the contemplation of eternity, as to look with contempt, and even displeasure, upon the innocent amusements of society, it appears, from the posthumous volume

of his writings, that he regarded theatrical, and other public amusements, with complacency, and did not scruple to vindicate card-playing. The last act of his life was to publish what he termed his Dying Avowal, in which he contradicted a report, circulated by his antagonists, that he had changed his religious opinions. He was, for some time, editor of the Gospel Magazine, in which the most virulent invectives that ever were published against John Wesley, who was the special object of his antipathy, are to be found.

TRAVIS, (GEORGE, Archdeacon of Chester,) a native of Royton, in Lancashire, was born about the year 1740, and completed his education at St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took the degrees of B. A. and M. A. After having been ordained deacon and priest, he obtained the rectory of Handley and the vicarage of East Ham; he afterwards became a prebendary of Chester, and, finally, archdeacon of that diocese. In the fifty-second volume of the Gentleman's Magazine, he published several letters (which were afterwards printed separately, and went through two or three editions) in opposition to the statement made by Gibbon," that the three witnesses (see John c. i. v. 7) had been established in our Greek Testaments by the prudence of Erasmus, the honest bigotry of the Complutensian editors, the typographical fraud or error of Robert Stephens, in placing a crotchet, and the strange misapprehension, or deliberate falsehood, of Theodore Beza." A controversy ensued, in which Porson and other eminent writers arrayed themselves against Travis, whose celebrity appears to have entirely arisen from the zeal which he displayed on this subject. He died on the 24th of February, 1797.

CLEAVER, (WILLIAM, Bishop of St. Asaph,) was born about 1742; and, after having acquired the rudiments of learning under the tuition of his father, the Rev. W. Cleaver, who kept a school at Twyford, in Buckinghamshire, he became a demy at Magdalen college, Oxford, where he graduated as B. A. in 1761. He was elected to a

In

fellowship of Brazen-nose college in 1764; and, during the same year, proceeded to the degree of M. A. 1768, he became a candidate for the office of Bodleian librarian, which he lost only through the seniority of his rival, the number of their votes being equal. About this period, he became tutor to the future Earl Temple, through whose interest he eventually obtained a mitre; and, at a later period, he had for his pupil Lord Grenville, another distinguished member of the same family. Being about to marry a lady named Asheton, he exchanged his fellowship for the living of Cottingham, in Northamptonshire; in possession of which he continued, without further preferment, until 1782, when he proceeded to Dublin with Earl Temple, who had been appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, in the capacity of chaplain. Through the interest of his patron, who was speedily deprived of the vicegerency, he procured, in 1784, a prebend at St. Peter's, Westminster; in 1785, he was elected principal of his college; and, in the next year, he accumulated the degrees of B. D. and D. D. In 1787, his noble pupil, whose political friends were then in power, procured for him the bishopric of Chester; in 1800, he was promoted to that of Bangor; and, six years after, he succeeded Dr. Horsley in the see of St. Asaph, still retaining the headship of his college. He died on the 15th of May, 1815, leaving two children. He is said to have been "a man of stiff and scholastic manners, with little of the knowledge or pliability of the world;" learned, charitable, and pious; an enemy to non-residents and evangelical preachers, steadfastly upholding the articles, in opposition to Calvinists; a strenuous supporter of the Society for promoting Christian knowledge; a dissenter from the Bishop of Lincoln's censure on the damnatory clauses in the Athanasian creed; and a zealous supporter of the doctrine that the sacrament of the Lord's supper is a feast upon a sacrifice. He edited the celebrated Grenville Homer; and, besides several sermons and charges, published Directions to the Clergy of the Diocese of Chester, on the choice of Books; Animadversions on Dr. Marsh's Dissertation on the Origin of the Three

First Gospels; and an able treatise on Greek metres, entitled, De Rhythmo Græcorum.

MILNER, (JOSEPH,) the son of a poor weaver, was born near Leeds, on the 2nd of January, 1744; and, for some time, like his brother, Dean Milner, worked in the loom, both of them being originally destined to follow the trade of their father. Being placed at the grammar-school at Leeds, he soon became so distinguished, "that one of the masters was accustomed to recommend his pupils to apply to Mr. Milner's memory in cases of history and mythology; observing, that he was more easily consulted than dictionaries or the Pantheon, and quite as much to be relied on." Among the inhabitants of his native village, who used to gaze at him as a wonder, he obtained the soubriquet of The Learned Lad; and his father became so desirous of promoting his acquirement of knowledge, that, as he used to relate, he surprised his wife, one Saturday night, by purchasing a Greek book for his son Joseph, instead of a joint of meat for the next day's dinner. "It is too true," he would add; "for I could not send home both." The father, unfortunately died, when young Milner appears to have stood most in need of his slender assistance; but, through the exertions of his tutor, the youth obtained a situation as chapel clerk at Catherine hall, Cambridge; whither he proceeded, at the age of eighteen, being still, according to his brother, in appearance a child, so much had his growth been checked by ill-health. He took the degree of B. A. with much honour; but, feeling that he had little chance of obtaining a fellowship, he became, at first, usher, and afterwards, curate, to the Rev. Mr. Atkinson, of Thorparch, near Tadcaster. At this time, being, as he states, "worldlyminded and greedy of literary fame," he devoted the whole of his leisure time to the composition of a religious epic poem, entitled, Davideis, which he completed after he had been appointed head-master of the grammar-school, at Hull, where he also obtained an important lectureship. He now successfully exerted himself in providing for some of his poor relatives, particularly

his aged mother, "who," says Dean Milner, "must else have died of want." For a period of seventeen years, he officiated as curate of North Ferriby, of which, after proceeding to the degree of M. A., he, at length, procured the vicarage, and where, it is stated, his evangelical doctrines disgusted the rich, but delighted the poor. A few weeks before his death, which took place on the 15th of November, 1797, he was presented, by the mayor and corporation of Hull, to the vicarage of the Holy Trinity, in that town. Some gentlemen, who had been his scholars, erected a monument to his memory, in which he is justly described as having been "a man of a vigorous understanding, extensive learning, and unwearied diligence; distinguished by primitive purity of sentiment, and holiness of life." His works consist of A History of the Church of Christ; Sermons, in two volumes, posthumously published, with a memoir prefixed by his brother; Essays on the Influence of the Holy Spirit; and some minor pieces.

DAUBENY, (CHARLES, Archdeacon of Sarum,) was born in 1744, and educated at Winchester school and New college, Oxford. He quitted the university, after having taken the degree of B. C. L. and entering into holy orders, obtained, in addition to the living of North Bradley, in Wiltshire, a prebendal stall in the cathedral of Salisbury, in 1784; and the archdeaconry of that diocese, in 1804. Five years before his death, which took place on the 10th of July, 1827, the university of Oxford, as a testimony of the services he had rendered the church, conferred upon him the degree of D. C. L. His first and principal production was a Guide to the Church, in two volumes, printed in 1798-9; of which a second edition appeared in 1804, with an appendix, containing an answer to some observations on the work by Sir Richard Hill; in addition to which he published Eight Discourses on the Connexion between the Old and New Testaments, demonstrative of the Doctrine of Atonement; A Vindication of the English Church, in reply to John Overton's True Churchman ascertained; and various sermons, charges, &c. He is also supposed to have been, for some time,

one of the chief theological writers in the Anti-Jacobin Review, and to have had some share in the Blagdon controversy. He was a man of considerable learning, inflexible honesty, great benevolence, and, though occasionally austere, of an amiable disposition. "It was delightful," observes the author of The Living and The Dead, "to see him come out in his grey readinggown, and romp with his little grandchildren on the lawn, the most noisy and riotous of the party." Among other munificent acts, he expended upwards of £15,000 in the erection and foundation of alms-houses, &c. at North Bradley. To his almoner he is stated to have given the following general directions as to the relief of distressed objects:" Ask no questions of an applicant as to whether he goes to church or to chapel; but if he can look you in the face like an honest man, and say, 'I am in want,' and you have no reason to disbelieve his statement, give, without inquiry, and at once." By Dr. Baines, the catholic bishop, he was, however, termed, though, apparently, without foundation, a bigot and a hypocrite; and by others he has been accused, (with more reason, perhaps, as he was always reluctant to form fresh acquaintances,) of having been deficient in courtesy towards the younger clergy in his archdeaconry. His charitable donations were, for the most part, judicious as they were liberal; but on many occasions he became the dupe of impostors. One day, as he himself stated to the author before quoted, a most singular-looking individual, miserably clad, and the very picture of poverty, came to Bradley, and requested to see him. "After a short preface, he told me," continued the archdeacon," that he was a converted Jew. My mind misgave me about the man; but as I felt reluctant to turn him empty away, I entered into conversation with him at some length, and questioned him pretty closely. His answers were so singularly well expressed, and evinced such an intimate acquaintance with Scripture; his account of himself was so plausible, and the change, which gradually took place in his mind, was so extremely natural, and so ingeniously described, that I felt convinced I had done him injustice. I kept him ten days, clothed

him, and gave him a draught for ten guineas. Forty-eight hours afterwards, I heard of his getting drunk at the Ring of Bells, in the next village, and boasting how gloriously he had gulled old Daubeny!"

BENNETT, (WILLIAM, Bishop of Cloyne,) was born in 1745, near London, and educated at Harrow school and Emmanuel college, Cambridge. After having taken the degrees of B. A. and M. A., he obtained a fellowship, and became tutor of his college. Among his pupils was the Earl of Westmoreland, who, on being nominated lord-lieutenant of Ireland, took him to Dublin, in the capacity of chaplain; and, in 1790, promoted him to the united bishoprics of Cork and Ross; from which, having previously taken the degrees of B. D. and D. D., he was translated, in 1794, to the see of Cloyne. He married a daughter of the Rev. N. Mapletoft, of Northamptonshire, but died without issue, on the 16th of July, 1820. Although a profound scholar, and a man of great abilities, his literary labours appear to have consisted chiefly of communications to the Society of Antiquaries, of which he was a fellow, and of hints to Nichols and Polwhele, for their respective histories of Leicestershire and Cornwall. Parr, who was his cotemporary at Harrow, after eulogising his pure and correct taste, extensive classical acquirements, powers of eloquence as a preacher, brilliancy of conversation, and suavity of manners, &c. thus continues:-"He exhibited a noble proof of his generosity, by refusing to accept the legal and customary profits of his office from a peasantry bending down under the weight of indigence and exaction. Upon another occasion, blending mercy with justice, he spared a misguided father for the sake of a distressed dependent family; and provided, at the same time, for the instruction of a large and populous parish, without pushing to extremes his episcopal rights when invaded, and his episcopal power when defied."

Dr.

SHIPLEY, (WILLIAM DAVIES, Dean of St. Asaph,) son of Dr. Jonathan Shipley, bishop of that diocese, was born at Midgham, in Berkshire, on the 5th of October, 1745. He received his

education at Westminster school, Winchester college, and Christchurch, Oxford. He took the degree of B. A. in 1767, and that of M. A. in 1771; during which year he was presented, by his father, to the vicarage of Wrexham, in Denbighshire; and, in 1774, he obtained the deanery and chancellorship of St. Asaph. By circulating an obnoxious pamphlet, which had been anonymously published against the Tory ministers, by his brother-in-law, Sir William Jones, entitled, A Dialogue between a Farmer and a Country Gentleman, he exposed himself to a long and vexatious prosecution for libel; which, after having been twice brought to trial in Wales, was removed by certiorari to the court of King's Bench, and submitted to an English jury, at the Shrewsbury assizes, on the 6th of August, 1784. The verdict delivered was, "Guilty of publishing only;" which, however, at the suggestion of counsel for the prosecution, was afterwards altered to the following terms: Guilty of publishing, but whether a libel or not, we do not find." The matter was subsequently brought before the Court of King's Bench, where, through an informality, the whole of the proceedings were quashed. It will not, perhaps, be deemed altogether irrelevant to add, that to this contest may be attributed the enactment, by which juries, in cases of libel, were declared to be judges of the law as well as the fact. In the preface to a collection of his father's works, published in 1792, the dean advocated the opinions promulgated in the pamphlet, for the re-publication of which he had been prosecuted. He died on the 7th of June, 1826, leaving four children, by his wife, Penelope, eldest daughter of Ellis Yonge, Esq. By those who knew him, he is described as having been intellectual, independent, and eminently charitable; eloquent as a preacher; diligent and acute, yet merciful, as a magistrate; and truly estimable "in the more domestic relations of husband, parent, brother, master, and friend."

JACKSON, (CYRIL,) Dean of Christchurch, was born at Stamford, in Lincolnshire, in 1746. At the age of twelve, he was sent to Westminster school; where, in 1760, he became a king's scholar. Four years afterwards,