Particle Detection with Drift ChambersA drift chamber is an apparatus for measuring the space coordinates of the trajectory of a charged particle. This is achieved by detecting the ionization electrons produced by the charged particle in the gas of the chamber and by measuring their drift times and arrival positions on sensitive electrodes. When the multiwire proportional chamber, or ‘Charpak chamber’ as we used to call it, was introduced in 1968, its authors had already noted that the time of a signal could be useful for a coordinate determination, and rst studies with a drift ch- ber were made by Bressani, Charpak, Rahm and Zupanci c in 1969. When the rst operational drift-chamber system with electric circuitry and readout was built by Walenta, Heintze and Schurlein ̈ in 1971, a new instrument for particle experiments had appeared. A broad study of the behaviour of drifting electrons in gases began in laboratories where there was interest in the detection of particles. |
Contents
3 | |
4 | |
40 13 4 0 | 12 |
80 34 0 | 27 |
The Drift of Electrons and Ions in Gases | 49 |
for Large ωτ | 88 |
Electrostatics of Tubes Wire Grids and Field Cages | 97 |
Amplification of Ionization | 125 |
Coordinate Measurement and Fundamental Limits of Accuracy 251 7 1 Methods of Coordinate Measurement | 251 |
Geometrical Track Parameters and Their Errors 291 | 290 |
4 0 | 308 |
9IonGates | 315 |
aSOC79 | 316 |
Particle Identification by Measurement of Ionization 331 | 330 |
ofOneTrack | 337 |
Existing Drift Chambers An Overview | 361 |
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Common terms and phrases
according accuracy amplifier angle apply approximation arrival assume avalanche average bipolar calculated cathode charge circuit clusters collision compared constant coordinate defined delta density depends detector determined diffusion direction discussed distance distribution drift chambers effect electric field electrons energy equal equation example expression factor filter find first fluctuations frequency gain gases gating geometry given grid height impedance increases induced input integration ionization ions length limit linear lines loss magnetic field matrix mean measured Methods momentum noise Nucl obtain output parameters particle peaking plane position potential probability produced proportional pulse ratio region relation represent response Sect sense shaper shown shows signal single sources space strips surface Table tail term track transfer function tube typical unipolar variance variation various voltage width wire wire chamber zero
References to this book
Handbook on Radiation Probing, Gauging, Imaging and Analysis: Volume I ... E.M. Hussein No preview available - 2003 |