Cleopatra.' In 1816 he went with his family to America, and settled in New York. He soon obtained employment as a portraitpainter. Eventually he became noted for his skilful portraits of women and children. His miniatures were also much admired. Among his figure portraits may be mentioned a scene from Don Juan.' Ingham was one of the original members of the National Academy of Design in America, and afterwards vice-president. He was also one of the originators of the Sketching Society in New York. He died there in 1863. [Dunlap's Hist. of the Arts of Design in the United States; Champlin and Perkins's Port. of Painters.] L. C. INGHAM, SIR JAMES TAYLOR (1805-1890), police magistrate, born 17 Jan. 1805, was a younger son of Joshua Ingham of Blake Hall, Yorkshire, by Martha, daughter of James Taylor, of Halifax. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. 1829 and M.A. 1832. In 1832 he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple; he joined the northern circuit and practised at the West Riding sessions. In 1849 he was appointed magistrate at the Thames police court, thence he was successively transferred to Hammersmith and to Wandsworth. In July 1876 he was made chief magistrate of London, sitting at Bow Street. On 21 July 1876 he was knighted. Ingham was a man of dignified appearance, and, having by act of parliament the primary authority in extradition cases, did much to settle the rules of procedure. He died at 40 Gloucester Square, Hyde Park, on 5 March 1890. He married, 4 Aug. 1835, Gertrude, fifth daughter of James Penrose of Woodhill, co. Cork, and by her had several children. [Times, 6 March 1890; Law Journal, 8 March 1890; Illustr. Lond. News (with portrait), 15 March 1890; Men of the Time; Foster's Knightage.] W. A. J. A. INGHAM, OLIVER DE, BARON INGHAM (d. 1344), seneschal of Aquitaine, was son of Sir John de Ingham (1260-1309) of Ingham, Norfolk, by his wife Maroya or Mercy. An ancestor, also named Oliver, was living in 1183. John de Ingham served frequently in Edward I's wars in Scotland. Oliver was summoned to perform military service in Scotland in 1310 and 1314. In 1321 he was made governor of Ellesmere Castle, Shropshire, and next year actively supported the king in his operations against Thomas of Lancaster. He was directed to raise forces in Wiltshire and elsewhere, and was made justice of Chester (see numerous documents in Parl. Writs, vol. ii. pts. i. and ii.), and warden of the castles of Marlborough and Devizes. In 1324 he was returned by the sheriff of Norfolk to the great council at Westminster (ib. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 641), and in the same year was appointed one of the advisers of Edmund, earl of Kent, in Gascony. Next year he was made seneschal of Aquitaine, and conducted a successful expedition against Agen. At the end of 1326 he returned home, and was one of the twelve councillors appointed for the guidance of the young king, Edward III, in 1327. He attached himself to Mortimer's party, and was summoned to parliament as a baron. In 1328 he was made justice of Chester for life, and in February 1329 was one of the justices for the trial of those who took part with Henry of Lancaster at Winchester and Bedford in an endeavour to overthrow Mortimer. In January 1330 he tried Hamo of Chigwell, formerly lord mayor of London, at the Guildhall (Chron. Edward I and II, i. 242-3, 246). In October 1330 he was arrested by order of Edward III at Leicester, as one of Mortimer's supporters, and sent in custody to London. He, however, regained the royal favour, and in 1333 was once more made seneschal of Aquitaine. He filled this office with distinction for ten years. Numerous documents relating to his government are printed in 1339 he defeated the French before BorRymer's 'Foedera' (Record edit. ii. 893-1229). deaux (WALSINGHAM, Hist. Angl. i. 225). On 6 April 1343 he was summoned home, and appears to have reached England a little later. He died on 29 Jan. 1344, and was folk, Suffolk, Hampshire, and Wiltshire. By buried at Ingham. He held lands in Norhis wife Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Zouch, he had a son John, who predeceased him, and two daughters, Elizabeth, who married John de Curzon, and Joan, who married (1) Roger le Strange and (2) Sir Miles Stapleton. Ingham's heirs were his granddaughter Mary Curzon and his daughter Elizabeth; his barony consequently fell into abeyance. [Chron. Edw. I and II, and Walsingham's Hist. Angl. in Rolls Ser.; Blomefield's Norfolk; Dugdale's Baronage, ii. 104; Burke's Extinct Peerage; authorities quoted.] C. L. K. INGLEBY, SIR CHARLES (A. 1688), judge, a descendant of Sir Thomas Ingleby, judge of the king's bench in the reign of Edward III, was third son of John Ingleby of Lawkland, Yorkshire. He was admitted a member of Gray's Inn in June 1663, and called to the bar in November 1671. He was a Roman catholic, and in February 1680 was charged by the informers Bolron and Moubray with complicity in the Gascoigne plot [see GASCOIGNE, SIR THOMAS], and was com mitted to the King's Bench prison, but upon his trial at York in July he was acquitted. Upon the accession of James II he was promoted, and was made a baron of the Irish court of exchequer, 23 April 1686, but, refusing to proceed to Ireland, was made a serjeant in May of the following year, and on 6 July 1688 was knighted and made a baron of the English court of exchequer. In November, upon the landing of William of Orange, his patent was superseded, and he returned to the bar. His is almost the only case in which a judge has resumed practice. In April 1693 he was fined 40s. at the York assizes for refusing to take the oaths of allegiance to William and Mary. The date of his death is unknown. Whitaker, in his "History of Richmondshire,' ii. 350, apparently referring to him, but under the wrong name of John, says that he died shortly after the revolution at Anstwick Hall, and was buried at Clapham in Yorkshire; but the register of Roman catholic landholders in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1717-34, is headed by the name of Sir Charles Ingleby, knight, serjeant-at-law (Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep. pt. i. pp. 327 b, 346 a). [Wotton's Baronetage, ii. 292; Luttrell's Diary, i. 34, 51, 402, 449, 450, 482, iii. 83; Smyth's Law Officers of Ireland, p. 157; Clarendon's Diary, i. 409; Bramston, p. 275; State Trials, xii. 263; Abbott's Journal (Chetham Soc.) vol. lxi.; York Depositions (Surtees Soc.) xxvii. 49; Foss's Judges of England.] J. A. H. INGLEBY, CLEMENT MANSFIELD (1823-1886), Shakespearean critic and miscellaneous writer, born at Edgbaston, near Birmingham, 29 Oct. 1823, was only son of Clement Ingleby, a well-known solicitor of Birmingham, and was grandson of William Ingleby, a country gentleman of Cheadle. Illhealth, which pursued Ingleby through life, precluded him from receiving more than a superficial home education, but at the age of twenty he was entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was classed as a senior optime, proceeding B.A. 1847, M.A. 1850, LL.D. 1859. On leaving the university he worked for ten years, though not assiduously, in his father's office, being in due course admitted a solicitor and taken into partnership. But the profession was distasteful to him, and his leisure time, so far as his health allowed, was devoted to the study of metaphysics and mathematics, as well as of English, and particularly dramatic, literature. His first Shakespearean paper, entitled 'The Neology of Shakespeare,' was read before a literary society in Birmingham in 1850. For a short period he held the chair of logic at the Mid land Institute, and published in 1856 a classbook entitled 'Outlines of Theoretical Logic.' In 1859 he published a small volume entitled 'The Shakespeare Fabrications,' bearing on the controversy arising out of John Payne Collier's literary forgeries; and in 1861 A Complete View of the Shakespeare Controversy,' which practically closed the controversy, as Collier left the book unanswered. In 1859 Ingleby severed his connection with the law, and removed from Birmingham to the neighbourhood of London. He busied himself at this time with contributions to periodical literature, among which may be noticed a series of papers for the 'British Controversialist' on Coleridge, De Quincey, Francis Bacon, De Morgan, Buckle, and Sir W. Rowan Hamilton. In 1864 he published the first part of his 'Introduction to Metaphysic,' and in 1869 the second and concluding part. He had previously schooled himself in this work by writing a lengthy treatise on 'The Principles of Reason, Theoretical and Practical,' which he did not deem worthy of publication. In 1868 appeared a tractate entitled Was Thomas Lodge an Actor?' and in 1870 'The Revival of Philosophy at Cambridge,' suggested by the establishment in 1851 of the moral sciences tripos at Cambridge, and making proposals for its improvement, together with discussions of the more important topics embraced by the tripos. With the exception of a series of literary essays, published in the shortlived Dublin magazine Hibernia,' and a small book of original proverbs entitled 'The Prouerbes of Syr Oracle Mar-text,' Ingleby henceforth devoted himself almost wholly to Shakespearean literature. In 1874 appeared The Still Lion,' enlarged the next year into 'Shakespeare Hermeneutics,' in which many of the standing textual difficulties were explained, and a protest lodged against the unnecessary emendations to which the folio of 1623 was subjected by contemporary editors. In the same year appeared the 'Centurie of Prayse,' being a collection of allusions to Shakespeare and his works between 1592 and 1692. Of this work a second and enlarged edition appeared in 1879, prepared, with his permission and assistance, by Miss L. Toulmin Smith, under the auspices of the New Shakspere Society, and a third edition has since his death appeared under the same auspices. In 1877 he issued the first part of 'Shakespeare: the Man and the Book,' and in 1881 the second part. In 1882 appeared a small volume entitled 'Shakespeare's Bones,' in which a proposal was reverently made for the disinterment of Shakespeare's bones and an examination of the skull, with a view of throwing 6 light on the vexed question of the portraiture. That the author made his proposal in no mere spirit of curiosity the book itself will testify, but many published protests proved at once that no such attempt would be tolerated by the public. In 1885 he published 'Shakespeare and the Enclosure of Common Fields at Welcombe,' reproducing in autotype a fragment of Greene's diary, preserved at Stratford-on-Avon, in which reference is made to the poet; and in 1886 appeared his edition of Cymbeline,' which, though not free from small errors due to failing health, is a model of what conscientious editing should be. He died at his residence, Valentines, Ilford, Essex, on 26 Sept. 1886. Ingleby married in 1850 the only child of Robert Oakes of Gravesend, J.P., and a distant connection of his own. Although chiefly known by his work on Shakespeare, Ingleby's essays and lesser writings embrace a far wider range of subjects, and display remarkable versatility. Their subjects include: "The Principles of Acoustics and the Theory of Sound; The Stereoscope;' 'The Ideality of the Rainbow;'The Mutual Relation of Theory and Practice;' 'Law and Religion;'A Voice for the Mute Creation; "Miracles versus Nature;' 'Spelling Reform,' &c. A selection of his essays was published posthumously by his son. Assisted by the late Cecil Munro, and at the request of the president of the Royal Society, he made a comprehensive report on the Newton Leibnitz Papers, upon which the society based its report to the Berlin Academy. He also gave valuable help to Staunton in his edition of Shakespeare. He occasionally wrote verses, which, if not of the highest order, were scholarly and graceful. Some of these appeared from time to time in periodicals, and a full collection was made at his death and printed for private circulation. He was a born, though untrained, musician, was endowed with a beautiful voice, and at intervals composed songs, some of which he published. Unhappily, ill-health seriously curtailed the amount of work he was able to perform. As foreign secretary and vice-president of the Royal Society of Literature, he occasionally read papers at the meetings, most of which are printed in the society's Transactions.' He was for a short time one of the vice-presidents of the New Shakspere Society, and among other work edited for the society the Shakespeare Allusion Books,' 1874. He was also elected one of the English honorary members of the Weimar Shakespeare Society, and was an original trustee of Shakespeare's birthplace. 6 [A biographical sketch in Edgbastonia (1886); Timmins's Memoir in Shakespeariana (1886); private information.] H. I. INGLEFIELD, JOHN NICHOLSON (1748-1828), captain in the navy, was born in 1748. He entered the navy in 1759; and after passing his examination was, in April 1766, rated 'able seaman' on board the Launceston, going out to North America with the flag of Vice-admiral Durell (pay-book of Launceston). In May 1768 he was moved into the Romney, bearing the broad pennant of Commodore Samuel (afterwards Viscount) Hood [q. v.], and in October was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and sent back to the Launceston. In the following July he returned to the Romney, and from that time his service was very closely connected with that of Hood. With Hood he quitted the Romney in December 1770, served with him in the Marlborough and Courageux, and in 1778 in the Robust, with Hood's brother Alexander, afterwards Lord Bridport [q. v.] In the Robust he was present in the action off Ushant on 27 July. In June 1779 he was promoted to the command of the Lively sloop. On 11 Oct. 1780 he was posted to the Barfleur of 90 guns, in which his patron, Sir Samuel Hood, hoisted his flag, and went out to the West Indies as second in command. He thus had an important share in the skirmish with the French fleet off Fort Royal of Martinique on 29 April 1781. In the following August he was moved by Hood into the Centaur of 74 guns, and commanded her in the action off the Chesapeake on 5 Sept., in the action with De Grasse at St. Kitts on 25 Jan. 1782, in the skirmish on 9 April, and in the decisive action of 12 April 1782. In August the Centaur sailed for England with the convoy, under the command of Rearadmiral Thomas (afterwards Lord) Graves [q. v.], and after much bad weather was overtaken by a hurricane on 16 Sept. Many of the ships lay-to on the wrong tack (see Nautical Magazine, xlix. 719), the Centaur apparently among the number. In a violent shift of the wind she was dismasted, lost her rudder, and was thrown on her beam ends. With great difficulty she was kept afloat till the 23rd, when towards evening she went down almost suddenly. The sea ran very high, but Inglefield, with the master, a midshipman, and nine seamen, got into the pinnace, and after sixteen days' wild navigation and fearful suffering reached Fayal, one of the men dying a few hours before they sighted land. These eleven men were all that remained of the crew of the 74-gun ship. On returning to England, Inglefield, with the other survivors, was put on his trial and fully acquitted. He was then appointed to the Scipio guardship in the Medway. In 1788-9 he commanded the Adventure on the coast of Africa, and from 1790 to 1792 the Medusa on the same station. In 1793 he commanded the Aigle frigate in the Mediterranean, and in 1794 succeeded Sir Hyde Parker as captain of the fleet. Towards the close of the year he returned to England with Lord Hood, and had no further service afloat, accepting the appointment of resident commissioner of the navy, and being successively employed in Corsica, Malta, Gibraltar, and latterly at Halifax. In 1799 he declined promotion to flag rank, and was placed on the list of retired captains, retaining his civil appointment till 1811. He died in 1828. He is described by Sir William Hotham [q. v.] as ' a remarkably handsome man, very good natured, and kind in his manners.' Though he lived to a considerable age,' he adds, 'he never altogether recovered the effects of the miraculous escape' (Hotham MS.) Inglefield married, about 1775, a daughter of Sir Thomas Slade, and had issue a daughter, who married Sir Benjamin Hallowell Carew [q. v.], and a son, Samuel Hood Inglefield, who died, rear-admiral and commander-in-chief in China, in 1848, and was father of the present Admiral Sir Edward Augustus Inglefield, K.C.B. [Marshall's Roy. Nav. Biog. iii. (vol. ii.) 62; O'Byrne's Nav. Biog. Dict. p. 564; Commission and Warrant Books in the Public Record Office; Inglefield's Narrative concerning the Loss of his Majesty's Ship the Centaur (published by authority), 1783; information from Sir E. A. Inglefield.] J. K. L. INGLETHORP or INGOLDSTHORP, THOMAS, D.D. (d. 1291), bishop of Rochester, appears to have belonged to a family of some note, taking its name from Ingoldesthorp in Norfolk. The first benefice he is known to have held is that of Pagham in Sussex. He held the prebendal stall of Stoke Newington in St. Paul's Cathedral, and became archdeacon of Middlesex, from which dignity he was raised to the deanery of St. Paul's in 1276-7. He also held the archdeaconry of Sudbury in August 1267 (LE NEVE, Fasti, ii. 490). In 1278, as dean of St. Paul's, he gave his consent to the erection of the new church of the Black Friars between Ludgate and the river Fleet, on their removal from their original home in what is now Lincoln's Inn (NEWCOURT, Repertorium, i. 38). Inglethorp was appointed by Edward Í to the see of Rochester in succession to John de Bradfield (d. 23 April 1283). The commencement of his episcopate was troubled by disputes with the prior and monks of the convent as to some of the rights and perquisites of the see. Though these rights had been enforced by Inglethorp's predecessors, the monks asserted that the bishop had no just claim. The matter was referred to the archbishop, who made a personal visitation and decided against the bishop. The subsequent relations between the bishop and the convent were happy, and at his death the monastic chronicler, Edmund of Haddenham, summed up his character as Vir laudabilis, mitis et affabilis, who deserved to have his place with the [Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 353; Godwin, De Præsul. ii. 111; Thorpe's Registrum Roffense, pp. 102, 106, 201, 234, 509, 658; Custumale Roffense, p. 195.] E. V. INDEX ΤΟ THE TWENTY-EIGHTH VOLUME. 10 12 13 13 How. See Howe. Howard, Anne, Lady (1475-1512). See under . Howard, Catherine, fifth queen of Henry VIII. Howard, Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham, Howard, Charles, first Earl of Carlisle (1629- Howard, Charles, third Earl of Carlisle (1674- Howard, Sir Charles (d. 1765) Howard, Charles, tenth Duke of Norfolk (1720- Howard, Charles, eleventh Duke of Norfolk Howard, Sir Edward (1477 ?-1513) Howard, Edward (fl. 1669) Howard, Edward, first Lord Howard of Es- Howard, Edward (d. 1841) Howard, Edward George Fitzalan, first Baron PAGE 306 Howard, James (1821-1889) Howard, John, first Duke of Norfolk of the Howard, Ralph, M.D. (1638-1710). PAGE 37 Howard family (1430 ?-1485) Howard, John (1726 ?-1790). Howard, John (1753-1799) Howard, John Eliot (1807-1883) Howard, Kenneth Alexander, first Earl of 9 39 40 40 42 44 48 48 50 51 52 Howard, Philip Thomas (1629-1694) 54 57 14 Howard, Sir George (1720 ?-1796). 17 Howard, Robert (1683-1740). See under Howard, George, sixth Earl of Carlisle (1773- Howard, George William Frederick, seventh Howard, Samuel (1710-1782) 61 19 Howard, Gorges Edmond (1715-1786) 21 Howard, Thomas I, Earl of Surrey and second 62 22 Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey (1517?-1547) 23 1614) 28 Howard, Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk (1628- Howard, Thomas III, fourth Duke of Norfolk Howard, Thomas II, Earl of Surrey and third 1684) 32 Howard, Henry, seventh Duke of Norfolk Howard, Thomas, first Earl of Suffolk (1561- 33 Howard, Henry (1684-1720) : 34 Howard, Thomas, second Earl of Arundel Howard, Henry, fourth Earl of Carlisle (1694- Howard, Walter (1759-1830 ? 1758). See under Howard, Charles, third Howard, Sir William (d. 1308) Howard, William, first Baron Howard of 67 71 73 77 . |