Poverty and Progress: An Ecological Model of Economic Development

Abipones abortion agricultural American animal areas basic became become behaviour capital cent chapter coal consumer context cost cotton crops cultivation cultural evolution cultural system demand E. A. Wrigley ecological equilibrium ecological niche ecological problems economic development economic efficiency economic system eighteenth century England environment environmental exploitation expanded factors factors of production fallow fertility forced fuel growing homeostatic human Ibid important improvements income increase increasingly industrial revolution industrial societies infanticide innovations labour productivity land Leblanc process limited living London manufacturing materials ment nineteenth century partible inheritance particular pattern period ploughing population control population density population growth population pressure poverty practical pre-industrial primitive societies productive system pump resource-base says scarcity shortage situation social society's soil sources stability steam substitution supply taboos technical change technical consistency techniques theory Tikopia timber tion traditional transport urban village wages wood workload