The Science and Lore of the Plant Cell Wall: Biosynthesis, Structure and FunctionTakahisa Hayashi Plant cell walls are composed of complex carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, and inorganic ions, all of which play functional roles. Cellulose (1,4-fÒ-glucan) and callose (1,3-fÒ-glucan) are synthesized in the plasma membrane, while other polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi. Plant cell growth occurs with the loosening of the walls, which may be caused by several enzymatic actions. Plant development is related to the morphological changes of cells and tissue, which is caused by structural changes of the walls. |
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Acad Sci USA acid Albersheim analysis Arabidopsis thaliana assay auxin biochemical biosynthesis callose catalytic cDNA cell wall polysaccharides cell wall proteins cellulose binding domains cellulose biosynthesis cellulose microfibrils cellulose synthase CesA genes characterization cloning complex components cotton fiber cross-linking Delmer DP Dhugga differentiation encoding endosperm epicotyls expansins expression Figure formation Fry SC fucose function galactose gene family genome glucan glucan chains glycosyl glycosyltransferases growth Hayashi hemicelluloses homogalacturonan HRGP interactions involved isolated lignin linkages matrix microfibrils microtubules molecular molecules monolignol mur1 mutants Natl Acad Sci Nishitani nucleotide sugar O’Neill oligosaccharides pectin peptides plant cell wall Plant Physiol plasma membrane polymer polymerization polysaccharides primary cell wall Proc Natl Acad proteins reaction residues RG-II rhamnogalacturonan role root hair rosettes secondary cell wall secondary wall sequence side chains specific structure studies substrate sucrose synthase synthesis tissue tracheary elements transgenic UDP-glucose vitro xylem xyloglucan xyloglucan glucosyltransferase zinnia