American Building: Materials and Techniques from the First Colonial Settlements to the Present

abutments American building architects architectural beams bearing walls bending bracing brick builders building arts built cables cantilever carried cast-iron Central Chicago chief engineer colonial columns completed compression curve deck designed developed diagonals dome early enclosure erected feet floor girders Grand Central Terminal Gustav Lindenthal height highway horizontal Illinois inches interior invention John Roebling length Louis masonry material maximum Ohio River original over-all Owings and Merrill patented Pennsylvania Philadelphia piers planes planks posts Pratt trusses rafters rail Railroad reinforced concrete Revolution to Civil ribs rigid frames Roebling roof shell skyscraper slab span spandrel station steel frame stone stresses struc structural system surface suspension bridge techniques tension Terminal tion top chord tower track traffic train shed transverse truss bridge Twentieth Century United vaults vertical Viaduct Vierendeel truss Warren truss wind loads wrought-iron York City