DUBLIN PENITENTIARY

This building, the first stone of which was laid in 1812 by the Duke of Richmond, presents a front of 700 feet to Grange-gorman-lane, is in depth about 400 feet, and covers an area of three acres. It is a plain substantial edifice, with a handsome front, and the estimated ex

pense is about 40,000/. Howard's plan of solitary confinement has been adopted here, with a gradual progress to society as the convict becomes reclaimed. After being liberated from his cell he is permitted to associate with ten or more persons, in an equal state of moral improvement, and from thence, according to his merits, is advanced to large work-shops, where. he experiences less restraint. Persons continuing incorrigible are in the end transported to Botany Bay; the great majority, however, have been apprenticed to trades, permitted to enter the army or navy, or restored to their friends. Great attention is paid to the moral and religi ous instruction of the prisoners, from which the happiest effects are already perceptible. The situation of the building is extremely healthy, and attached to it are all the conveniencies necessary to such an establishment. Prisoners of both sexes are admitted here who are properly separated and classed.

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LITERARY ESTABLISHMENTS.

THERE is only one University in Ireland, that of Dublin, which resembles the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge. It is very richly endowed, and is justly celebrated for the eminent success with which literature and science have been cultivated by its students. It is denominated Trinity College.

TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN,

Is justly considered one of the noblest structures of the kind in Europe. Its form is that of a parallelogram, extending in front to College-green, about 300 feet, and in depth 600, divided into two nearly equal quadrangles called the Parliament-square, and the Librarysquare. The front which was erected in 1759, is of Portland stone, as are all the buildings in the first square. The centre is decorated by an angular pediment supported by Corinthian columns, and it terminates in pavilions on the north and south, ornamented with coupled pilasters of the same order, supporting an attic story. In the centre of the vestibule is an entrance into the Museum which is a fine room 60 feet by 40. It is open to the public every day except Sundays and holidays from one to two o'clock. It contains a collection of Irish

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fossils, minerals, curiosities from America, Egypt, China, and the South Sea Islands. There is also an old painting of the Spanish army besieged in Kinsale in 1601, by Lords Mountjoy and Clanrickard. There is no specific charge for seeing this museum, but a small gratuity is generally expected by the attendant. The Parliament-square, so called from its having been built chiefly by parliamentary grants amounting to upwards of 40,000l. is 328 feet by 210. It is entirely of hewn stone, and besides numerous apartments for the Fellows and Students, contains the chapel, the theatre for lectures and examinations, and the refectory or dining-hall. On the north side of the square the chapel, for the erection of which Parliament, in 1787, granted 12,000l., but it cost considerably more. It is a very fine building, and the interior is fitted up in excellent style. On the same side is the refectory, the front of which has an Ionic pediment supported by pilasters. Three hundred persons can dine in this hall, and over it is the philosophical lectureroom. Opposite the chapel is the theatre, the front of which is decorated by a fine pediment, supported by four Corinthian columns. The interior is 80 feet long by 40 in breadth. It has a rich Mosaic ceiling in groined arches, supported by composite columns. In the panels are portraits of Queen Elizabeth, Primate Usher, Archbishop King, Bishop Berkeley, William Molyneux, Esq., Dean Swift, Dr. Baldwin, and the Right Hon. John Foster. There is also a fine monument to the memory of Doctor Baldwin, who died in 1758, after having filled

the office of Provost for thirty-nine years. He Jeft 80,000l. to the University. The buildings ust described were executed by Mr. Graham Myers, from designs of Sir William Chambers, architect to his Majesty.

The Library-square is 265 feet by 214.Brick buildings on three sides contain apartments for the students; the Library* forms the fourth. This edifice, which was built of hewn stone in 1732, consists of an extensive centre and two advanced pavilions, with a rich Corinthian entablature, crowned with a balustrade. The room appropriated to the books is considered the finest of the kind in the empire, being 210 feet long, 41 broad, and 40 high. Fluted Corinthian columns support a spacious gallery of varnished oak, which is adorned with the busts of Homer, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes, Cicero, Shakespeare, Milton, Bacon, Usher, Boyle, Locke, Newton, Swift, Delany, Parnell, Clayton, Lawson, Gilbert, Baldwin, and Clement, executed in white marble. The shelves contain above 70,000 volumes of the best writers, on various subjects. Many of them were bequests of Archbishop Usher, Archbishop Palliser, and Doctor Gilbert. Amongst them are some old translations of the bible, by Wickliffe, Ambrose, Usher, &c. In the eastern pavilion is a fine room called the Fagel Library, which had been the property of Mr. Fagel, pensionary

*The Library was commenced with the sum of 1,8001. subscribed by the English soldiers who defeated the Spaniards at Kinsale in 1603.

of Holland, and was purchased in 1794 for 8,000l. It contains 27,000 volumes. Over this room is an apartment in which the manuscripts are deposited. Here are some valuable documents relative to Irish history, a curious map of China, drawn by a native of that country, and some manuscripts in Greek, Arabic, and Persian, including the Greek manuscript of the New Testament, which belonged to Montfortius, and a Greek commentary on the four gospels, written in the ninth century.The Library is open from eight to ten, and from eleven to one, Sundays and holidays excepted, for graduates and sworn members; strangers may be admitted if attended by a member. South of the Library the Fellows have an elegantly laid out garden, to which none of the students are admitted except Fellow-commoners and Masters.

The Park.-East of the Library-square is a well-planted park for the relaxation of the students, containing 13 English acres. On the south side of the park, is the Anatomy House, which includes also the chemical laboratory and lecture-room. It was erected in 1704. The anatomical museum is at present filled by Dr. Macartney's collection, one half of the room being taken up with specimens of disease, the old collection belonging to the college, (with the exception of the gigantic skeleton of Magrath, and that of Clarke, commonly called the ossified man,) from want of room is deposited in close presses. Magrath was a native of this country, and stood, when alive, nearly eight feet high. The inordinate formation of bone