Fundamentals of Weather and Climate

acceleration adiabatic process air density air flow air parcel ambient anticyclone Appendix associated atmosphere Atmospheric thermodynamics average baroclinic behaviour boundary layer climate component condensation convection cooling Coriolis cumulonimbus cumulus cyclones dry adiabatic dynamics Earth's surface effect energy equation equilibrium evaporation example extratropical cyclones flux friction geostrophic geostrophic wind Hadley circulation height high latitudes high troposphere horizontal increasing input isobaric lapse rate lifting condensation level low latitudes low troposphere maximum mbar mbar level meridional meteorological middle latitudes molecular motion nearly northern hemisphere nuclei observed planetary boundary layer poleward potential temperature pressure gradient produce radiative radiosonde radius rain relative rise rotation saturated adiabatic scale sea level shear solar specific gas constant specific humidity specific mass stratosphere synoptic tephigram terrestrial radiation thermal thermodynamics tropopause turbosphere turbulence typical updraughts vapour density variations vertical warm water vapour weather systems westerly wet-bulb wind speed zonal zone