quarter; and this occasioned some acts of cruelty on both sides. Clarendon. II. 623.

[226.] Perfect Diurnall. Nov. 6.

[227.] Id. Jan. 27-Feb. 3. Massey had a frigate upon the Severn, which was very useful to him in his operations at Tewkesbury and Chepstow. Tracts. 71. At the latter place he beat Sir Henry Talbot, and took him prisoner. Vicars. in England's Worthies. p. 30.

[228.] Military Scribe. No. 3. March 5-12.

[229.] Collections were made among the recusants in every county for the Northern expedition. Those who were engaged in this business in Gloucestershire, were Sir John Wintour, Mr. Wakeman, Mr. Benedict Hall, and Mr. Atkinson. Diurnall Occurrences from Nov. 3. 1640. to Nov. 3, 1641. p. 28. et seq. C. J. Jan. 30. 1640.

[230.] "Resolved, that Sir John Winter, Secretary to the queen, is thought fit to be removed from the person and court of the king and queen, as one that is concerned in dangerous councils." C. J. Feb. 15. 1641-2. Thurloe. State papers. I. 80. 1st Qualification.

[231.] Sir John Wintour was one of the greatest depredators in the forest of Dean. Before the troubles, all the king's coppices, and waste soil had been granted to him by patent, except the Lea Bailey, with all mines and quarries, in consideration of 10,600l. and a fee farm rent of 1950l. 12s. 8d. for ever. At that time, within the limits of the forest so granted, were growing 105,557 trees, containing 61,928 tons of timber, besides 105,209 cords of wood. The civil war put an end to the patent; and the enclosures, which had been made, were thrown down, and the whole re-afforested. At the restoration, the grant was revived; but, on a representation to parliament of the injury which the neighbouring inhabitants, and the public were likely to sustain, a commission was issued to enquire into the state of the forest; and upon an accurate survey, there were found 25,909 oaks and 4024 beeches, containing 121,527 cords of wood, and 11,325 tons of ship-timber. On the return of the commissioners, a new grant was made to the nominees of Sir John Wintour, of all the above trees, excepting the timber fit for the navy. Five hundred fellers of wood were immediately employed; and so rapid was the devastation, that an order of parliament was immediately made to prevent any farther felling of timber or cutting of wood. Before a bill could be passed, however, the parliament was prorogued, and Sir John Wintour left to pursue his pleasure; which he did so effectually, that, on a new survey, in 1667, only 200 of the oak and beech trees were left standing, and a deficiency of 7000 or 8000 trees was found in the quantity that should have been reserved for the navy. Beauties of England and Wales. Gloucestershire. pp. 710. 711.

During the protectorate, Wintour, like many of the royalists, seems to have lived by his wits. He had a project of charring sea coal in 1656. See Evelyn. Memoirs. I. 302.

[232.] The manor had been granted by Queen Elizabeth to his ancestor, Sir William Wintour, for his gallant services as vice-admiral against the Spanish Armada. He began to build the mansion in question about the year 1588. It was then called White Cross: in the Tracts it is styled Lidney-house.

3

It was burnt by Sir John Wintour, and the remains were after the war converted into an iron furnace. Atkyns. 282.

[233.] There were still many persons in the city who favoured the king's cause. All the Gloucestrians had not been on the side of the parliament. The epitaph of Thomas Price, who was mayor in 1666 and 1667, and had been a major in the king's horse, is expressive of his loyal constancy and sufferings. It is in the chancel of Saint John Baptist.

M. S. Thomæ Price, viri vere Armigeri, quippe qui sub Carolo primo Martyre gloriosissimo in Bello contra perduelles sæpe vulneratus, semel pro mortuo derelictus, clarissime meruerit; Domi, Foras, Exul, Redux semper sui similis, fortis et cordatus. Pacis restitutæ Artes non minus calluit et coluit, quam olim militiæ in civitate Gloces bis prætor, diu militiæ præfectus; semper æquanimus, suavis, benignus, omnibus etiam male de se et familia sua meritis, quorum penitentia' quam pænam maluit. Post tot curas, ærumnas, honores, labores fortiter sustentatos, cum sanguis, sæpius effusus, nec venis nec vitæ ulterius suppeteret, animam puram et defæcatam, ut Christianu' decuit, sancte efflavit anno ætatis 57, Januar. 14. A. D. 1678. Posuit mæstissima conjux.

[234.] Lords' Journals. Nov. 13.

[235.] So completely was the plot disguised, that in London, where they had some obscure notion of it, he was supposed to be in earnest. Perfect Diurnall. Jan. 22-29.

[236.] This was in the mayoralty of Nicholas Webb, whom Dorney praises for his trouble and pains as surveyor of the city works. Speeches. p. 11. The cost of labour for repairing the breaches at the east gate, was 14d. per perch, labourers who were paid by day-work, had, some a shilling, some ninepence per diem. C. R. T. A. MS. The arms granted to the city, August 14, 1652 by Sir Edward Bish, garter, king at arms, are symbolical. The lions and broad swords mean the warlike character of the city in the civil wars. The rural coronet, lion, and trowel, together with the motto, FIDES INVICTA TRIUMPHAT, alludes to the siege, and the erection of the fortifications. Fosbrooke. 405.

[237.] The trenches of the besiegers were filled up. Part of the infirmary, without the south-gate, stands upon one of them, and shews the distance of the approaches from the walls. Either at this time, or during the mayoralty of William Caple, a. 1652, 1653, when the sconces were altogether demolished, a great quantity of the materials, of which they were composed, was brought into the city; and, according to tradition, used in raising those parts which are subject to flood. This upper layer is frequently observed when the pitching and soil are removed; the surface of the old streets which lies under the whole, is brought to light in many cases at a considerable depth. There are two series of regular strong pitching beneath the existing surface. One at the depth of about two, and the nethermost about four feet. These were recently seen in the alterations that have been made in Saint Mary's-square, and the same was observed in the Southgate-street. The Roman pavements, newly discovered