The Ancient Near East, C. 3000-330 BCThe Ancient Near East embraces a vast geographical area, from the borders of Iran and Afghanistan in the east to the Levant and Anatolia, and from the Black Sea in the north to Egypt in the south. It was a region of enormous cultural, political and linguistic diversity. In this authoritative new study, Amélie Kuhrt examines its history from the earliest written documents to the conquest of Alexander the Great, c.3000-330 BC. This work dispels many of the misapprehensions which have surrounded the study of the region. It provides a lucid, up-to-date narrative which takes into account the latest archaeological and textual discoveries and deals with the complex problems of interpretation and methodology. The Ancient Near East is an essential text for all students of history of this region and a valuable introduction for students and scholars working in related subjects. |
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Contents
THE LEVANT c 1200c 720 385 | 1 |
The environment | 6 |
BABYLONIA c 900539 573 | 9 |
TABLES | 11 |
The Neolithic background | 12 |
MESOPOTAMIA IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BO | 19 |
chronology of main archaeological phases | 22 |
1b The cities c 29002340 | 27 |
3d Egypt in the Middle Kingdom c 2040c 1720 20231720 | 161 |
Chronology of dynasty XII | 162 |
3e The Second Intermediate Period and Hyksos rule in Egypt | 173 |
Chronology of the Second Intermediate Period | 175 |
The great powers c 1600c 1050 | 183 |
dynasties XXIXXV 1069664 623 | 185 |
chronology | 186 |
late dynasty XVIII 14031306 13901295 | 194 |
1c The Empire of Agade | 44 |
3i Chronology of Agade rulers and their successors | 45 |
3ii Alternative chronology of Agade kings | 46 |
1d The Third Dynasty of Ur 21122004 | 56 |
Chronology of the Third Dynasty of Ur | 63 |
THE OLD BABYLONIAN | 74 |
8a The seapeoples 386 | 75 |
Chronology of southern Mesopotamia c 20001750 | 79 |
2b Ashur in the Old Assyrian period c 2000c 1800 | 81 |
Chronology of the Old Assyrian kings | 82 |
THE ACHAEMENID EMPIRE c 550330 647 | 87 |
2c The Old Assyrian merchants in Anatolia c 1900c 1830 | 90 |
Archaeological sequence of Kültepe in the Old Assyrian kārumperiod | 91 |
First Dynasty of Babylon and contemporary kings | 99 |
2e Hammurabi and the First Dynasty of Babylon 18941595 | 108 |
11f The cities of Babylonia in the Late Babylonian period 610 | 116 |
EGYPT FROM DYNASTY I TO DYNASTY XVII | 118 |
8c The survival of Late Bronze Age centres 401 | 123 |
13b Persians and Medes 652 | 124 |
3a The formation of the Egyptian state | 125 |
Chronology of predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt | 128 |
EGYPT c 1000525 623 | 129 |
c 26862181 | 135 |
Old Kingdom | 136 |
3c Herakleopolis and the rise of Thebes c 21801991 | 154 |
the First Intermediate Period | 155 |
dynasties XIX and XX | 204 |
dynasties XIX XX and XXI | 205 |
4e The New Kingdom state | 211 |
the formation of a small Levantine state c 1200900 417 | 214 |
THE HITTITES | 225 |
Chronology of Hittite kings | 230 |
5c The Hittite Old Kingdom c 1650c 1500 | 238 |
5d The Hittite Empire c 1430 1420c 1200 | 250 |
Se The Hittite state | 266 |
SYRIA AND THE LEVANT | 283 |
Chronology of kings of Mitanni | 290 |
6b Ugarit | 300 |
Kings of Ugarit | 306 |
6c Emar | 314 |
MESOPOTAMIA c 1600c 900 | 332 |
THE NEOASSYRIAN EMPIRE 934610 473 | 336 |
7b Assyria in the Middle Assyrian period c 1400c 1050 | 348 |
chronology | 351 |
9d The structure of the Assyrian empire 501 | 358 |
664525 636 | 362 |
the classical period c 1450c 1100 | 365 |
Chronology of Elamite kings | 369 |
the end of the Kassites and succeeding dynasties | 374 |
13e The structure of the Achaemenid empire 676 | 376 |
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Common terms and phrases
Agade Anatolia appear archives Ashur Assyrian Babylonian became brother brought building called campaigns central centre century certainly chapter chronology clear close complex continued court cultural dates daughter developed divine documents dynasty earlier early east Egypt Egyptian empire established evidence example existence fact father followed further give gods gold hand Hattusa Hattusili Hittite Hurrian Hyksos important indicate inscriptions king king's Kingdom known land language lapis lazuli late later letters lord Mari material Mesopotamia Middle military Mitanni officials palace particular perhaps period political position possible present probably problems Ramesses refer reflect region reign relations remains result royal rule rulers seems sources successful suggests Syria tablets Tell temple term territory texts tombs took town trade Tuthmosis Ugarit Upper Uruk