violent wind. He struggled for two long hours in darkness against the waves, and did not stop until he reached once more the spot from which he had set out.

The prince had also acquired great readiness in the use of the rapier. He probably received his first lessons from a certain artist of the name of Burkart, in Rome, who is at present residing with Agassiz at Boston. As the prince made strategies his chief study, he must necessarily know how to use weapons. By constant practice he acquired almost perfection in pistol and rifle practice. He learned it on the shooting-ground at Ermatingen, as a member of the Thurgau Cantonal Rifle Society, to which he presented a handsome flag. This flag he carried once himself as leader of the Thurgau riflemen at a federal shooting festival.

It would be an error to suppose that a luxurious and extravagant life was led at Arenenberg. The queen devoted but very little time to dress and the table. Hence the meals were so modest, that she alone drank foreign wine, while the prince and the others contented themselves with country wine. She found greater pleasure in cheerful and clever conversation in which her son, on the other hand, took but little part, for salon life possessed but slight attractions for him. He would sit for entire evenings silent and absorbed in thought: only now and then throwing a word into the conversation. If the latter became animated, he never made any long speeches, but expressed his opinion in short, sharp sen

tences.

Not the slightest hesitation was ever observed in his language or manners; in his answers he always expressed a clear and sharply-marked idea. If the conversation turned on his uncle, the Emperor Napoleon, whom he venerated like a god, and if it appeared that any one took a false view of any of his sentiments or actions, the prince uttered his contradiction of the statement sharply and rapidly. He was just as decided and persevering in his attachments and dislikes, and never made foolish remarks. Anything he had once determined on he followed up quietly, silently, and firmly, and for this reason his mother christened him Le Doux Entété.

He had but little feeling for art. When the musical performances commenced in the salon, he would pull his guests by the coat, and say, "Let us go out" (to his house, which was seperate from the château.) Similarly the belles lettres affected him but very slightly. When Buchon and others tried to enchain the company by some poetical recitation, the prince began to yawn. On the other hand, he took great interest in trade questions, especially in mechanics. It was his delight to ponder over experiments and improvements, especially when he imagined he could apply them to artillery.

The beauties of nature produced no marked impression on him, and yet it is so lovely on the solitary Arenenberg! From the terrace behind the château there is an exquisite view of a silent, idyllic landscape. At the foot of the hill lies the calm lake, on which rises, as on a floating island, the old and once so celebrated Abbey of Reichenau, with its most interesting churches. Opposite to it, on the mainland, stands solitary and desolate the Château of Heyne, formerly the residence of the prince-bishops of Constance, which once saw merry days. At no great distance stands the old Allensbach and the town of St. Radolf, with the peninsula of Metnau, said formerly to have been connected with the island by a roadway.

To the west and north of Radolfzell rise from the plain the extinct volcanos of the Hegau, as rich in natural curiosities as in ruins, which in the middle ages crown these peaks as stately castles. The most remarkable of all is Hohentwiel, formerly the abode of the Alemannic dukes, afterwards a monastery, and finally a Würtemberg fortalice, dismantled in 1800. Near it rises gracefully and boldly the ex-robber eyrie of Hohenkräken, while the triple-peaked Hohenstoffeln, with its three ruined castles, commands the landscape.

Westward, the forest-clad Ichienenberg thrusts itself, like a mighty wedge, between the Radolfzeller and Bernanger lakes. The peninsula upon which Berlingen stands closes the landscape on the west. Several tongues of land jut out into the placid lake, and the village of Mammerbach is picturesquely situated in a sequestered nook. The view from the

châtean eastward is intercepted by forests. A pavilion but a short distance from it, however, affords a most extensive prospect of Constance and the glistening lake, and beyond these of the Tyrolese and Bavarian Alps, which dissolve in the bluish mist. Here the queen frequently drank tea on fine afternoons, amused herself with music or singing, or listening to a select band stationed in an adjoining wood.

The Arenenberg family were on very friendly terms with the surrounding gentry, and the higher class society were visited as kindly as they were received. This was more especially the case with the Ammann family at Ermatingen, with whom the château was very intimate, as the sons were nearly the same age as the prince. At the present time, Herr Frederick Ammann is steward at Arenenberg, and keeps up a regular correspondence with the emperor.

There was never any lack of visitors and guests at the hospitable château. The Dowager Grand-Duchess Stephanie of Baden, the Princess of Sigmaringen, the old and amiable uncle, the Marquis de Beauharnois, their relative, Count Tascher de la Pagerie, ex-aide-de-camp of Napoleon I., as well as the queen's school friends, the Duchess of Ragusa and the widows of Marshals Duroc and Ney, were constantly at Arenenberg, and always found the kindest reception. Madame Campan, too, in whose school the queen had been educated, visited shortly before her death her dear fosterdaughter, who had proved the faithful protectress of her desolate old age. On festal occasions little theatrical performances were got up, to which the queen's neighbors were invited, and in which she herself, with harmless merriment and entrain, performed parts drawn from the life of the people. One of Hortense's most valued and valuable friends was the noble Baron Henry von Wessenberg, who was a frequent and ever welcome guest at the château.

As Hortense, even in exile, never forgot fair France, she was familiar with the literary productions of the country. She was especially attached to poetry. Hence it was not surprising that poets and artists always found a cordial reception. Among them, the most remarka

ble were Chateaubriand and Casimir de la Vigne. The latter, a thoroughly independent man, who had spurned a pension and the Cross of the Legion at the hands of the Bourbons, spent a summer at Arenenberg, and took thence as his wife the lady in waiting, Mademoiselle Eliza de Courtin.

As the winter was too lonely at Arenenburg, Hortense for several years took a trip to Rome, on which her son always accompanied her. In Florence, where the ex-King of Holland had taken up his residence, a week or a fornight was spent, and Louis was then enabled to associate with his brother. On one occasion the king went to Marienbad, in Bohemia, and Louis was allowed to accompany him, while his elder brother remained, in the mean while, at Arenenberg.

Up to this time the Napoleonides had led an apparently quiet life, and troubled themselves but little about the outer world. The Bourbons seemed firmly seated on the old throne, which foreign bayonets had won for them again, when suddenly the revolution of July hurled them from it, as they never could comprehend the spirit of the age. The Paris revolution enkindled the spark of liberty in every country. In Italy a republican conspiracy was formed, which came to an outbreak. At its head stood the two sons of Queen Hortense. The undertaking ended unfortunately. The elder of the princes died in Forli, and the younger could only be saved by the resolute and clever behavior of his mother, who risked everything for him. She described the whole affair in an extremely interesting little work, bearing the title of "My Travels in Italy, France, and England, in 1831." From this moment mother and son brooded over the idea how the latter could rise to the exalted station, a prospect of which had been afforded him in the cradle. Not one of the old Napoleonides believed so firmly and confidently in the star of the Emperor Napoleon, and the mission of his relatives to continue his work, than Hortense. It was her deep conviction, and the most powerful motive of her exertions, that her son had a claim to the throne of France, so long as the French nation had not declared that the Napoleon family had

forfeited it. For this reason she urged her son to action, with the words, that he owed it to his name to render himself worthy of his mission, and educate himself for it. The minds of both were occupied by a belief in a great future, and the plans to realize it. Hence the prince, despite all the modesty and plainness of his behavior, and the simplicity of his dress, never forgot the feeling of his rank and grandeur, which was always rendered perceptible by a certain gravity and

reserve.

Louis had entered the Swiss artillery, studied under General Dufour, and had risen to the rank of captain. As such, he published, in 1833, his political and military reflections, the latter part of which was praised by connoisseurs. Afterwards appeared a pamphlet, "Idées Napoléoniennes," which had a strong republican tinge. He wished to be talked about, and attract the world's attention to his person, and so he tried to set every lever in motion and employ the most varied schemes for his object.

In the Italian campaign Louis had formed the acquaintance of several gentlemen, afterwards exiled, the chief among them being the well-bred and talented physician Enrico Conneau of Flor ence, by whose assistance he afterwardscontrived to escape from the fortress of Ham; other friends were the witty and fiery Count Arese and Visconti. At At Rome, mother and son formed the acquaintance of Cottreau the artist, who lived several years at Arenenberg, and practised his art there. They were joined there by several other Frenchmen, among whom the more earnest Persigny and De Querelles and Laity were the most note-worthy. They stayed frequently and for a lengthened period at Arenenberg. With them and Colonel Charles Pasquin, who married the queen's reader, Mademoiselle Cochelet, and purchased the neighboring château of Wolfsberg, the plan for the bold stroke at Strasburg was discussed. Prior to this event, the château on several occasions could not contain all the guests, and lodgings were prepared for them at Ermatingen. Naturally of a reserved character, the prince did not betray, either by word or look, the thought which occupied him waking and dreaming. He had taken the

shooting in the forests of the Badois parishes, from Wollmatingen as far as Marktelfingen, for ten years, more for the sake of his friends than himself. Although a very fine shot, he was not passionately attached to the sport. When more roebuck were killed than could be used in the château, he would never consent to sell them, but gave the surplus to the poor of Allensbach, so that they might enjoy game for once. One day, when his shooting companions had gone to their posts, he was sitting dreamily, and lost in thought, under a tree, and staring at the landscape. Bailiff Huttule, of Salenstein, a man to whom he was greatly attached, came up and said, "Prince, what are you thinking of, and why are you not shooting?"

The prince replied, "If I imagined that my cap knew what is going on under it, I would burn it on the spot."

For some time the prince occupied himself with the idea of inventing rifled artillery. For this purpose he had cannon cast in 1836 at the Constance bellfoundry, and had steel grooves fitted into them by one Klein, an engineer. One of these guns proved a failure, and had to be destroyed again. This was twice attempted in vain by loading with dry sand, which was obtained from Paris for the purpose. Klein attempted it in a different way, by means of a tightly fitting screw. ting screw. The attempt at bursting was made on an appointed day in the presence of the prince, between the Kreuzlinger and Emmishofer gates of Constance. It succeeded so fully that the pieces flew in all directions, even as far as the market-place, and created a tremendous excitement. In the first moment of confusion, the prince mounted his horse and rode at full gallop into the Thurgau territory. He did not return until the affair had been settled, which, after all, was not of much consequence, as the police had been warned beforehand. With the two other guns he practised firing at a target, which was put up on Reichenau island, facing the château, and he hardly ever missed his mark.

How far Hortense was initiated in her son's plans to expel Louis Philippe is unknown. Probably she knew more about them than people believe; for when he left her under the pretext of joining a

spect and love had followed her; she formed in Switzerland the nucleus of a great charitable society, and probably gained less through her connection with the Napoleonides than she lost by it. Louis Napoleon now occupied himself more than he had formerly done with the public life of Switzerland, though he declined a seat in the grand council, &c. He seemed to attach value to his right of citizenship in Thurgau, which induced the Swiss authorities to take a lively interest in him. The usually so crafty and calculating King of the French had committed the stupidity of demanding the expulsion of the prince from Switzerland. Through this step he gave him an enormous value in the eyes of the Napoleonists and of France, attracted attention to him, and made him a political martyr. Like one man Switzerland rose in arms for the defence of her citizen, and it looked as if the affair must be settled by violence, when suddenly the prince gave it an entirely different turn. On the afternoon of September 21, 1837, he personally informed Landammann Anderwert, president of the lesser council, of his resolution not to force Switzerland into the necessity of waging war for him, though at the same time he offered his most cordial thanks for the protection granted him.

On the afternoon of October 14, the prince, accompanied to the gates by eighteen equipages, arrived in Constance, and left again at five P M., with post horses. His friend Girelle sat alone with him in his traveling carriage: in another followed his physician, Conneau, and his valet, Charles Thelin. As he entered the carriage, the assembled crowd displayed a gloomy silence through sympathy for his fate, and the pain at losing so valuable a neighbor was unmistakably expressed. The prince proceeded to England by the

Rhine.

of the château were covered with fresh paper of exactly the same pattern and color as the old. If we now pay a visit to Arenenberg, in spite of much that is fine to be seen, we miss the most interesting and valuable articles. Thus, for instance, the Gobelin tapestry, representing the Emperor Napoleon I. on horseback, with some grenadiers offering him a flag, one of the most successful portraits of him, has been removed, and is now in the Hôtel des Invalides at Paris. In the same way, we miss the splendid picture of Napoleon on the Bridge of Lodi, by Gros; the marble bust of the Empress Josephine, by Canova; the busts of Queen Hortense and of her son Napoleon, who died in Italy; of Prince Eugène, a Mercury, a Venus di' Medici in Carrara marble; ail of which have been sent to Paris.

For all that, a visit to this historic spot is well worth the time expended on it. In the hall we are welcomed by six portraits of Egyptian sheiks, who paid visits to the Emperor Napoleon I. In the reception room we see the full-length portrait of Queen Hortense by Cottreau, who lived many years at Arenenberg, taken in a most peculiar light-moon and lamp light mingled. On the opposite wall hangs a portrait of the prince by the same artist, leading his Andalusian barb through the snow to the château; and on the remaining walls the portraits of Joseph Bonaparte, of Eugène Beauharnois and three of his children, as well as likenesses of Hortense's two youngest children. In the library are full-length portraits of the Empress Josephine, of General Beauharnois, of Count Tascher de la Pagerie, of Murat, &c.