which carries the lay up and down, that as it is rising to knock up the weft, and while the sheds are closing, each of the clicks will be brought into the teeth of the ratchets, and will turn the warp roller round as much as is necessary to wind it back to a suitable tension; but as the lay descends again, and the warp requires to be opened into sheds, the said clicks are withdrawn by the machinery, from the teeth of the ratchet wheels, leaving them at liberty to yield and give off more warp. Each of the cloth rollers gathers up two or more pieces at once, and consequently it will increase in size faster than said Ghelen's loom, which winds up only one thickness. The mechanism for turning the cloth roller round adapts itself to this circumstance, so as to take up the cloth at the same rate when the rollers have become larger, by the accumulation of cloth around them, as when they were smaller. This is effected by the following means:

They are turned by the screws or worms M M, taking into the teeth of the wheels O O: the screws or worms receive their motion from a ratchet wheel N, affixed on the same axis: this ratchet wheel is turned by four clicks, or drivers, attached to a lever, having an ascending and descending motion. This motion is regulated by a rest that rises from a rod, which is parallel with the roller, and bears upon the cloth wound upon it, so that as the roller increases in diameter, the rest, being raised, will limit the descent of the lever above mentioned, and thus the cloth rollers will be turned with a continually diminished speed.

5th. And, may it please the King,

By means of other mechanism for changing shuttles, the webs may have cross stripes, of different colours of weft yarns, or of different strength and appearance. For this purpose the several sets of spare shuttles being charged with different kinds of weft, will occasion like changes in the web, so as to produce cross stripes, which may, also, be combined with longitudinal stripes of various colours, or strength of warp thread, or threads (as the case may be) suitably arranged in the previous operation of warping; so that by combining cross and longitudinal stripes, chequered patterns may be produced, which in many respects differ from those made in Ghelen's machine. The shuttle boxes, or receptacles for the reveral shuttles, which contain weft of different colours, have as many cells, situated one over another, as are required for the reception of the several sets of shuttles; and they are raised or lowered by means of a series of levers, suspended on the axis P, at the top of the loom, the boxes being hung, one from each end of a lever. These levers re

ceives their motion from another series which are operated upon by a revolving barrel, placed above the cloth rollers, (but not shown in the drawing.) This mechanism raises or lowers the boxes, just as much as is necessary, in order to bring the particular set of shuttles wanted, to a proper level for being propelled through the several sheds.

6th And, may it please the King

The above described mechanism can be readily altered, so as to operate with different orders of succession, thereby producing a great variety of patterns; and also, with a new plan of mounting the headles, adapted for figure weaving, combined with new figuring machinery, the four, or more webs, which are to be woven at once, may have ornamental patterns upon them of the nature of what is termed 'fancy weaving.' Or, in lieu of the said figure weaving machinery, I apply a peculiar combination of suitable parts, which receives the diversification of its action, from a pattern board X, which is shown on a large scale, at Fig. D. Upon the flat surface of this board the design is carved in relief, the parts which are to exhibit the sundry colours being cut down to different corresponding depths. The pattern-board is now placed in its situation at the upper part of the loom, as shown at X, its carved surface being presented beneath the under extremities of a row of needles or small slides S, which stand side by side in vertical positions. These needles, severally, (at certain intervals of time) during the operation of the loom, are let fall upon the said carved surface, and by the inequalities of the relief, some of them are allowed to drop lower than others. Those which are sustained by the more prominent parts of the carving, are acted upon by a straight edge or rule T, placed horizontally across all the rows; which straight edge, being taken backward when required to act, comes in contact with certain lateral prominences in the needles, so as to push back all those which are prevented from falling, by carving on the pattern-board. Each needle is connected with, or tied to a lever U, which levers are placed transversely over the loom, their back ends bearing upon a fulcrum. One, or more of the headles are suspended from each of these levers, near to the middle of its length; and all the levers being thus placed side by side in a row, at the top of the loom, their front ends form a row across the loom, until some are drawn back with an endway motion upon their fulcrum, by the straight edge, T, acting upon their corresponding needles.

The front extremities of those levers which are not drawn back, are lifted up by the edge of a horizontal lifting bar W, which rises

upwards, when the sheds of warp are being opened; and in rising they pull up those headles which are connected to them, by which means a proper selection of warp threads, to form the pattern, is effected.

By the different depths of carving on the pattern-board X, the needles are thus divided into several series, which are acted upon successively, by the straight edge T, in order to produce a change in the selection of warp threads. The pattern-board is fastened upon a moveable table R, which is shifted either backwards, or forwards (in a slow progressive manner,) by the pinion Y, taking into the rack Z, attached to the under part of the table. This pinion receives its motion from two ratchet wheels fastened on the same axis, and these wheels are turned by drivers.

7th. And, may it please the King,

Each time the pattern-board moves, the needles are raised and let fall again, so as to come on a different part of the pattern, by which means another selection is effected. As soon as the pattern board has been conducted along its whole range, and the figure transferred to the cloth, all the needles are lifted up; whereupon the board returns to its first position, with an instantaneous movement. Should the board have only half the pattern intended to be woven, carved upon it, as soon as that is worked up to its last line or change then, the action is reversed, bringing the needles on the second line of the board, which is now worked backward, with the same speed that it went forward, and thus the other half is produced. Patterns consisting of two similar halves, need only half the carving of those described in a former instance.

And, may it please the King,

Instead of the above, the pattern may be carved on the circumference of a cylinder, which is in all respects the same as those formerly constructed by our relation, Jubal, the organ builder, (see also Genesis, iv. 21.) mounted on a horizontal axis, and turned round with a slow progressive motion. If the pattern is exactly the size of the cylinder, as soon as the latter has been once passed under the needles, it will return to its first position; but, if only half the pattern covers it, (the other half being a repetition of the first) then, as soon as it has made one revolution, it returns in an opposite direction, and so on, alternately.

To produce a variation in the succession of the changes of the shuttles, a portion of the carved surface of the pattern-board, or else a distinct pattern-board, must be provided, and carved with alternate elevations and depressions, for lifting their several elbow

levers, and the levers below, which are connected with stop detents, for detaining them, and determining their positions. The revolving barrel, before mentioned, may also be applied for effecting the raising or lowering of the shuttle boxes, in a proper manner to change the shuttles, and produce cross stripes; as the position into which the revolving barrel, is turned and detained, previous to every succeeding pick of weft, determines which of the different colours of weft, shall be thrown.

And, may it please the King,

The mechanism of the figure weaving loom will be simpler, if the plain or tweeled ground of the cloth is produced by a distinct apparatus. To effect this, those headles which belong to the yarns that are to form the warp of the plain ground, are united to a few lams (thin shafts of wood or iron) so that by drawing up one of these a number of headles may be raised together with one motion. The lams are to be suspended from horizontal levers at the top of the loom, in a similar manner to the levers U, and disposed in the

same row.

It was before stated that only one or two headles were suspended from each lever; but, by means of the lams, several may be suspended from each of them. These are provided with needles similar to the others, and which might be actuated by being dropped upon a suitable part of the surface of the pattern board; but, as this would only produce a repetition of a simple series of changes, I prefer to substitute instead, a small cylinder or revolving barrel, the surface of which is carved into a series of suitable prominences and depressions in order to actuate the needles, in a similar manner to the pattern cylinder before described.

And, may it please the King,

Whereas, cylindrical barrels, studded with projecting pins, similar to the organ barrels of said Jubal, have been used in different parts of your most gracious Majesty's dominions, for other purposes than that to which I propose to apply them, I, therefore, make no claim to the invention of such barrels, except when the same are applied to my figure weaving machinery, of the kind before described, with needles and other necessary parts, for weaving four or more webs at once, in the same vertical power loom; and also when the surface of said barrels are carved with different heights and depths, at all parts which are to be represented on the cloth with difference of colouring. I would remark also that when small patterns are to be produced upon the cloth, I use, instead of the said machinery, (for working any reasonable number of leaves of headles) a contri

vance or invention, which I call a tappet wheel, formed of a suitable number of segment pieces of iron or smooth stone, in the faces of which segment pieces, indented grooves are made or cast, for the purpose, when combined, of producing a zigzag groove round the face of the wheel, to suit any required pattern to be woven in the cloth. In this zigzag groove a roller works, attached to an upright rod, which is connected to the levers or treadles; and, hence, as the tappet wheel revolves, the treadles are worked up and down, according to the elevations and depressions formed in the wheel, and the requisite portions of the warp are raised and depressed to form the sheds.

The segment pieces are all made to correspond and to fit together in the wheel, so that they may be readily changed, and a different zigzag groove produced when required, according to the sort of cloth to be woven, thereby superseding the necessity of casting or making many wheels, having different shaped grooves, and of shifting them where any variation in the weaving is wanted. The rod which holds the roller that works in the tappet, is connected above to the two outer jacks, as in the ordinary power loom, and acts upon vertical rack bars that take into a pinion, which raises and depresses the portions of the warp equally, and thereby prevents any under strain. There are certain vibrating bars connected with the jacks and with the needles, which are thrown from side to side by the action of the tappet rod on the racks and pinions; and these bars have notches in their edges, which are taken hold of by horizontal bars connected to the treadles, for the purpose of moving or holding back certain of the needles, agreeably to the command of the tappet wheel. The rising of the tappet rod, and the rack bar, works a crank that slides the pattern board, and brings the successive lines of the pattern under the ends of the levers or needles; and a spring is introduced to ease the action of the pattern frame.

And, may it please the King,

I also claim the honour of inventing a new arrangement of mechanism, which has no connection whatever with any part of my machinery already described, but yet is so essential to the general well-being thereof, that I cannot resist the temptation of explaining it separately, and claiming it in combination with the former (notwithstanding the claims of the said Ghelen.)

The leading feature of this improvement consists in the peculiar arrangement and order of working certain parts of looms in general, so that a new description of cloth shall be produced or woven : and it is more particularly adapted to that class of silk fabrics called