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Of Bogdanovich, the Anacreon of Russia, the translator has given an interesting biographical notice, from Karamsin's Væstnik, a periodical journal. Bogdonavich was born under the beautiful heaven of Little Russia,' in the year 1743. He was the son of a respectable physician; and was, from

'He was brought to Moscow in 1754, and placed in the college of justice. The President Sheljebushsky noticed the active and inquiring spirit of the boy, and allowed him to attend the mathematical

school, which was, at that time, in the neighbourhood of the senate. But ma

licate flowers of youthful genius are but
too often and too early blasted by the
cold winds of neglect. But let it be said
in Russia's honour, that talent has never
wanted patronage there, especially if ac-
companied by moral worth. This was
eminently the case with Bogdanovich.
Like La Fontaine, in whose poetical steps
he seems to have trodden, he was distin-

conversation had inflicted on any a feeling
or thought of sorrow than he lamented
his inconsiderateness with tears. He de
termined again and again to talk more wa-
rily the resolution was, however, soon
forgotten, and succeeded by regret and

his childhood, passionately foud of mu-guished by the most attractive ingenuous-
sic and poetry:-
ness. Ere he was eighteen he held his
held it with the simplicity of a child.
station in the great and busy world, but
Whatever he felt he uttered, whatever
pleased him he did; he listened willingly
to the wisdom of others, and fell asleep
during the tiresome lessons of folly. It
was our young bard's good fortune to live
with a poet who exacted the productions
thematics were nothing to him; the of his muse as the price of his protection
sweet poetry of Lomonosov, who now be- and his counsels, leaving every thing else
gan to captivate his countrymen, was
to his own waywardness. His open heart
dearer to his mind than all the transposi-edness often led him into perplexities,
tions of lines or figures. Nothing, per but no sooner did he perceive that his
and
haps, is so likely to produce a strong
permanent impression on the heart of a
young enthusiast, as the pomp, parade,
and poetry of the drama. What wonder
then that a fiery boy, introduced for the
first time to its witcheries, should be led
to some act of giddy imprudence! A
youth of fifteen once presented himself to
He was not rich; he often had no-
the director of the Moskow theatre, mo-
destly, and almost unwillingly, owning- not this often more grateful to the re-
thing to give the poor but sympathy. Is
he was a nobleman—he would be an actor.ceiver, and always more honourable to
The director had some conversation with
him, and soon ascertained his love of
knowledge and his poetical ardour. He
painted in strong colours the incompatibi-
lity of an actor's character with that of no-
bility,—he urged him to inscribe himself
in the university, and to visit him at his
house. This young man was no other
than our Bogdanovich, that director was
no other than Michael Matveevich Kheras-
kov, the poet of the Russiad. Thus did a
lucky accident bring this scholar of the
muses to their favourite bard; one who,
possessed of extraordinary talent himself,

was not slow to discover and to honour it in others. From him did Bogdanovich learn the rules and the ornaments of poetry; he studied foreign languages, and acquired whatever else might give strength and encouragement to his natural powers. Study, it is true, is no creator of genius, beautiful and mighty influence. Kheraskov gave him examples, precepts, encouragements; and in the university-journal of this period, Polesnoe Uveselenie, we find many specimens of the powers of the young bard. These, though yet far removed from perfection, are striking proofs of his ability to reach it.

but it serves to exhibit it in all its most

Besides Kheraskov, our young poet possessed, while he remained at the university, another invaluable protector in Count Michael Ivanovich Dashkov. The favours conferred by rank and influence on talents just developing themselves, create a grateful and well-rewarding return; while, on the other hand, the fair and de

repentance and renewed vows.

Voltaire's poems. In 1766, he went with Count Beloselsky, as secretary of legation, to Dresden; and it was here that he commenced his chief poem, the Dushenka (Psyche), which was published in 1775, of which his biographer Karamsin speaks with rapture, and inquires, where exists the Russian who has not read Dushenka? Bogdanovich always spoke with enthusiastic had been employed in this work. Kadelight of that part of his life which ramsin says,

His abode was then at Petersburgh, on the Vassiliostrov, in a silent solitary dwelling, wholly wrapt in poetry and music, enjoying an enviable and care-divested liberty. He had agreeable acquaintances; he sometimes went out, but always to return with keener pleasure to a home where the muses welcomed him with renewed fondness, with hope and fancy's fairest flowers. The tranquil, unuttered, unutterable joy of the post is perhaps the sweetest and brightest that this world can witness. How triumphantly do the favoured sons of song scatter the misty shades of vanity and the more palpable array of earth-born passion! Who that ever tasted the charm of such enviable moments, does not turn away from the sparkling follies of the substantial world to the memory of those holy the giver than the pieces of gold extorthours of rapture? One energetic and ed by misery from the coldness of pride tion-a gentle graceful transit from one harmonious line-one well-conveyed emoand of affluence? Towards his friends and acquaintance he was kindness and thought to another-can fill the soul of urbanity itself. On one occasion, a fire the poet with innocent and natural debroke out in the neighbourhood of one of light, leaving behind it a soft and placid his connexions. Bogdanovich sprung from gladsomeness which will be doubly gratehis bed, and, in spite of the bad weatherful if it can be participitated by some and the distance, hurried to the assistance sympathising and sensible friend, who can of his friend, clad only in his night garenter into its enthusiasm and forgive its excess. It is indeed a guiltless and a spiritual joy, created by an effort, which effort is in itself enjoyment: and then it brings the prospect of the approbation, the encouragement of the wise and good! -But envy! envy!-the pitiful efforts of mark of character, common indeed to all We must here linger a little on one envy itself only make its triumphs the more splendid-they dash and murmur genuine poets;-a lively sensibility to fe-like the little waves against the firm foot the creator of some of the sweetest songs raises itself in its own majesty, for the male charms, a sensibility which has been of the mountain, on which true merit of the choir of bards. In one who, like glory of its country and of mankind.' Bogdanovich, was born to be the poet of the graces, this mighty sympathy could not but be early developed among the sensibilities of his character. In its origin it is timid and unpretending-in him it was peculiarly so. He saw, he felt, he supplicated, he blushed-and uttered his

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His dwelling was with an inestimable family, who treated him as a near and dear relative, and he returned their kind

ness with ever-active affection.

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emotions in his harmonious songs. Stern,
indeed, must have been the beauty that
could not be moved by that melodious
lyre!'

Bogdanovich was, when only eighteen
years of age, appointed inspector of
the Moscow University. He com-
menced a journal, entitled 'Innocent
Recreation,' and translated several of

Karamsin compares the Dushenka of the Russian poet with the Psyche He says La Fonof La Fontaine. taine had more af art, Bogdanovich of nature; and the current of the latter flows, in consequence, more refreshingly. This production,' he continues, 'must not be weighed in the scales of Aristotle. It is a display of the powdirected by good taste. ers of a gay and joyous imagination, It is sportive, faithful:excursive, ingenuous, "Why must rules of art be intruded here :' Karamsin's eulogium, great as it is,

appears to have been confirmed by pub- | Whether clad like a queen of the east thou ap

lic opinion; for, still speaking of the Dushenka, he says,

Is it surprising that such a poem produced so great an impression? Six or seven sheets thrown uncalled for into the world, wholly changed the fate of the author. Catherine was then reigning in Russia. She saw, she admired the Dushenka-sent for the poet, and inquired of him how she could gratify him.—It was enough-who doubts the taste of a sovereign? Nobles and courtiers learnt Dushenka by heart, each rivalling the rest in the attentions showered upon the author. Epistles, odes, and madrigals in his honour were scattered profusely. He was mounted above the clouds.Alas! that the destructive influence of such distinctions should have overshadowed him in the brightest epoch of his poetic talents. He was thirty years oldhe abandoned the muses-and the garland woven for him by his Dushenka was the only one that encircled his brow in his listless lethargy. It is an imperishable wreath, no doubt, but the friends of poetry mourn that it should have satisfied him. Even the thirst for fame may be quenched. Our poet afterwards wrote much, but against his own will and against the will of his inspiring genius. Perhaps he would set up no rival to his beloved Dushenka.'

Bogdanovich died in January, 1803, 'mourned by his acquaintance and friends, and by every friend of the lite rature of his country.' From his last production, which the translator says is ⚫ a graceful and lovely poem,' we have only two short extracts, which we eagerly transfer to our pages.

'Twere vainly daring through dark time to
range,

Seeking those sounds, which in eternal change
Were consecrate to beauty: its short day
Of fashion each possessed and passed away:
But let the poet be allowed to say,

That the fair royal maiden, youngest child

Of th' eastern monarch, whom with passion wild

So many sighed for day and night,

Was by the Greeks called Psyche-meaning (According to our learned ones' explaining) A soul, or spirit :-our philosophers

Thinking that all that 's tender, fair, and bright,

Must needs be her's,

Named her Dushenka* ;-thus

A word so sweet, so musical to us,
With all the charm of novelty,

O, loveliest Psyche! was conferred on thee.
Conveyed from tongue to tongue, its throne it

found

Ju memory's archives :-its melodious sound
Now breathes the angel-harmony of love,
A music and a radiance from above.'

pearest,

Or plain as a shepherdess sitting

By the door of her cottage at evening's calm tide,

Thou still art the charm of the world and its pride.

Thou fairest of saints that devotion has sainted, Divinest of all the divine:

All the pictures of beauty that art ever painted Can give no idea of thine!'

We insert another extract from the the same poet, which, though of a very different description, yet possesses great beauty and simplicity :

"THE INEXPERIENCED SHEPHERDESS. (A POPULAR SONG.)

I'm fourteen summers old I trow,
"Tis time to look about me now:
'Twas only yesterday they said,
I was a silly, silly maid ;-
'Tis time to look about me now.
The shepherd swains so rudely stare,
I must reprove them I declare;
This talks of beauty-that of love-
I'm such a fool I can't reprove-
I must reprove them I declare.
'Tis strange-but yet I hope no sin;
Something unwonted speaks within:
Love's language is a mystery,
And yet I feel, and yet I see,-
O what is this that speaks within?
The shepherd cries, "I love thee, sweet;"
"And I love thee," my lips repeat:

Kind words, they sound as sweet to me
As music's fairest melody;
"I love thee," oft my lips repeat.
His pledge he brings,-I'll not reprove;
O no! I'll take that pledge of love;

To thee my guardian dog I'd give,
Could I without that guardian live:
But still I'll take thy pledge of love.
My shepherd's crook I'll give to thee;-
O no! my father gave it me-

And treasures by a parent given,
From a fond child should ne'er be riven
O no! my father gave it me.
But thou shalt have yon lambkin fair-
Nay! 'tis my mother's fondest care;

For every day she joys to count
Each snowy lambkin on the mount ;--
I'll give thee, then, no lambkin fair.
But stay, my shepherd! wilt thou be
For ever faithful-fond to me?

A sweeter gift I'll then impart,
And thou shalt have-a maiden's heart,
If thou wilt give thy heart to me.'

We have been so much delighted with this volume, that we have dwelt on it at greater length than is usual with us; we shall, therefore, only netice one poet more, Kostrov, the transIt is said that lator of Homer's Iliad. he offered the last six books of his Ho

mer to a bookseller, and the liberal tradesman offering him only one hundred and fifty roubles (about 71. 10s.

Dushenka! Dushenka! the robes that thou sterling) for his labours, the offended

wearest

Seem ever most lovely and fitting; * Dusha—Dushenka its diminutive, a word 'expressing great tenderness and fondness.

poet threw the translation into the fire.
The first six books are the only ones
which have been collected. With the
following we close our extracts :-

THE VOW.

'The rose is my favourite flower:
On its tablets of crimson I swore,
That up to my last living hour

I never would think of thee more.
I scarcely the record had made,
Ere Zephyr, in frolicsome play,
On his light airy pinions convey'd

Both tablet and promise away.'

In closing our notice of this work, we should be ungrateful if we did not tion he has afforded us by making us thank Mr. Bowring for the gratificaacquainted with the treasures of the

Russian muse, and we are much mistaken if the success of the present volume is not such as to call on him, very speedily, to furnish complete translations of the poems, of which he has only given extracts; and to prosecute his extensive plan of writing a general history of Russian literature.

A General History of the House of Guelph, &c. By Andrew Halliday. (Continued from p. 100.)

In our last, we brought down the history of the Guelphs to the death of Henry the Lion. His son Henry, who, in his youth, was a boy of what the French call très grande espérance, de fended Brunswick, in the life time of his father, with such spirit and judg ment, that the Imperialists were ob liged to withdraw from the contest. This prince enlisted under the banner of the cross, in the third crusade, and greatly distinguished himself at the other capture of Joppa, and in many places in Asia. On his return from the Holy Land, he visited Venice and other cities in Italy, claiming the sovereignty of the states that belonged to his family, and renewing the charters which had been granted by his ancestors to the descendants of the younger branches of his house. In 1200, he accompanied his brother William to England, to demand from King John the legacies which had been left him by their uncle, Richard the First. In 1215, in consequence of a quarrel with Frederick the Second, he was publicly proscribed, and the palatinate given to Louis, Duke of Bavaria, but it was, in a few years, restored to him. Henry died in 1227, leaving only two daughters: one married to Herman, Margrave, of Baden, and the other to Otho, Duke of Bavaria.

On the death of Henry the Sixth, Otho, of Guelph, the second sur viving son of Henry the Lion, was elected King of the Romans; he afterwards seized on Aix-la-Chapelle, where the Archbishop of Cologne crowned

him Emperor. The partisans of the late emperor were not inactive, and Frederick, the only son of Henry the Sixth, a child of three years of age, was declared the head of the empire, and Philip, his uncle and guardian, was, at a diet, elected King of the Romans. War was carried on some years with great vigour, when, through the mediation of the Pope, a reconciliation was effected. Philip agreed to bestow his daughter Beatrix upon Otho, and to secure him in the succession, and he consented to wave all pretensions to the crown during the lifetime of Philip. The untimely end of this emperor, who was murdered by the Count Otho, of Wittelbach, left the son of Henry the Lion in the undisputed possession of the imperial crown, within the year after the family compact was made. Beatrix gave her hand to Otho four years after her father's murder, but only survived the ceremony four days. The claims of the young Frederick were afterwards supported by France,

and Otho withdrew from the contest and died in retirement, at Brunswick, in 1218. William of Winchester, the youngest son of Henry the Lion, was born while his father was an exile in England; he married Helen, daughter of Waldemir, King of Denmark, and dying in 1212, left issue, Otho, then in his eighth year, under the guardianship of his widow.

We are now arrived at a period when the descendants of the Guelphic race, robbed of their hereditary states, and deprived of the titles of their ancestors, appear in the ordinary rank of German princes. After some severe struggles, in which Otho was taken prisoner, he resigned the whole of his possessions into the hands of the emperor, and was reduced to the rank of a feudal duke, whose territories scarcely exceeded one fiftieth part of the states governed by his grandfather. He, whose ancestors had created princes and ordained bishops, was made Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, by charter, instead of allodial right. Otho died in 1252, leaving his son, Albert I. his successor, who was styled the Great,' but whether from his stature or his noble deeds, is not altogether certain. After being continually at war with his neighbours, in which he was generally successful, be added greatly to his dominions, and dying in 1279, left them divided among his three sons, who, as usual, contested with each other, when the duchy of Brunswick ultimately fell to the second son, Albert II. who, marry

other charges against him was the following, which is quoted from a Histo ry of the House of Brunswick, printed in London, in 1716:

ing Richenza, a daughter of Henry, Prince of Merle, in Mecklenburg, had a family of nine children. His states were divided at his death, in 1318, between his sons Otho, Magnus, and "The Duke had married the Lady Ernest. Magnus the First, surnamed Mary, sister to Ulrick, Duke of Wirtenthe Pious, inherited Brunswick, who, berg, who, among other ladies that waited dying in 1369, was succeeded by his on her, had one Eve Trotting, a young la son Louis, and afterwards by his second dy of extraordinary beauty and noble fason, Magnus II. who was called Tor-mily. The Duke began to be desperatequatus, or the chain-bearer, from the ly smitten with her, and, at length prevailing, had some children by her; but following circunstance :that the intrigue might not be discovered, "This prince, in his younger days, be- and that he might still enjoy her compaing very insolent and troublesome to his ny, he put a stratagem into her head, that subjects and neighbours, it was made she should pretend to return home to her known to his father, who sent many let-parents; and he furnished her with a wagters and divers messages to reclaim him, gon and horses and all things necessary ed to use threats, and let him know, that thought she was really returned home, but in vain; so that, at last, he was oblig-for her journey; but, when the people if ever he took the field again in a hostile she was conducted another way to a casmanner, he would hang him at the next tle of his, whereof the governor was be tree. The son, who was of a very active forehand instructed by him what to do, spirit, and daring, only laughed at his fa- and had a woman or two, in whom he ther's menaces, and, in derision, always most confided to assist him in the plot. wore a silver chain about his neck, that Some days after Eve came there, she took there might, as he said, be no lack of a to her bed, pretending to be very sick. Now the Duke had before prepared an thing to hang him with.' the head, neck, and breast of a dead boimage to be made of wood, representing dy; the other parts of the body were done and shaped in linen, which the women stuffed with dust or earth, that so it

might seem to be solid, and then fitted the wooden head and bust to it, which was likewise covered over with the linen shroud, it was laid on the floor, and precloth. Being thus ordered and wrapt in a

The Duchy of Luneburg, which had been separated from that of Brunswick since the death of Albert the Great, in consequence of the failure of issue, reverted to Magnus II., who got possession of it, but, in the contest, meeting his rival, Albert, in the field of battle, they engaged in single combat; and, during this rencounter, Magnus was sently one of the women ran to the gobasely murdered by one of the attend-vernor's parlour door, crying out that Eve ants of the Count of Schaumburg, was dead; upon which he presently orwho stabbed him in the back. dered a coffin to be made to put the body in; and, to scare people from approaching the corpse, it was given out that she died of the plague, and juniper berries and other odoriferous things were burnt to perfume the room. Afterwards, the corpse Friar's Church, where it was honourably was carried in funeral pomp to the Grey. buried; the Franciscans performing all the usual ceremonies, and praying for the soul of the deceased, as they did for a whole year after, and, in their sermons, exhorted the people to do the like. There was also, by the Duke's orders, a funeral office performed for her in the chapel of

The death of Magnus, in 1873, did not put an end to the contest respecting the succession of the states of Lune burg. His sons, Frederick, Bernard, and Henry, had agreed to reign conjointly, and were determined to maintain their right to the inheritance of their ancestors. Frederick, the eldest, was esteemed one of the ablest princes of his day, and when Wenselaus, by his bad conduct, forfeited the crown of the Cæsars, and was removed from the throne, he, by the unanimous voice of the empire, was elected King of the Romaus; but was murdered on his way to Frankfort to receive the crown.

Bernhard and Henry agreed upon a division of their states. The latter took Luneburg and Calenburg for his share; while the former had Brunswick, including Hanover, Everstein, and other provinces. Before we notice the issue of Bernhard, we shall make an extract relating to a collateral descendant of his, William, Duke of Brunswick, Wolfenbuttle, who was summoned to a diet at Spires. Among

the castle, where it was said she died, neighbourhood; the same was done in priests being invited thither from the the castle of Wolfenbuttle. His wife, the Duchess, was present at this office with her women and maids all in mourning. Many priests were invited to it, who had, afterwards, a dinner, and every one of them a piece of money in gratuity according to the ancient custom observed among the papists.

was lamented by so many, was in the cas"In the meantime, Eve, whose death.. tle of Stauffenburg, where she was still visited by the Duke, who, since that time, had seven children by her: he also per

suaded his Duchess to write to Eve's parents and relations to acquaint them with "But when afterwards a rumour was

her death.

raised that she was still alive, and kept in Stauffenburg, the Duchess's jealousy put her upon making a strict inquiry of the servants about the truth thereof; but the Duke gave orders, that none of those should come near her that could give any information. However, her suspicion stuck to her as long as she lived, which put her upon writing many letters to him

to lament her misfortune.'

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mutual defence against all aggressors, ment alone possesses the power of apand by which the Protestant states of pointing or removing the Hetman and the empire were formed into one regu- the principal officers, but the others lar body. Ernest was an able nego-are still elected by their equals; and, ciator and a sound politician: and his when once they have taken rank in the commanding eloquence could at all Russian army, they cannot be cashiered, times confirm the wavering spirit of except by the Emperor. the Elector of Saxony, or calm the violence of the Landgrave of Hesse, the acknowledged heads of the Protestant league. Henry resided in the Castle of Celle, and took the title of Duke of that city, in preference to that of Duke Reverting to the elder branch of this of Luneburg. He died in 1546. He family, we find that Bernhard left two was succeeded by his eldest son, Fransons, Otho and Frederick. The first cis Otho, in the dukedom of Celle. succeeded his father in 1434, and reign- Henry, his second son, received the ing twelve years, died without issue. principality of Danneberg; and WilHe was succeeded by his brother Fre-liam, the youngest, had the duchy of derick, surnamed the Just, who delivered up the government of the Duchy to his two sons, Bernhard and Otho, and retired to a convent. Otho was engaged in a contest with his nobles, and died during the lifetime of his father, leaving a son, Henry, three years of age. Bernhard, now emerged from the cloister and assumed the reins of government, as the guardian of his grandson. His second reign was as peaceable as his first had been, and he died in 1478, leaving the young Henry, then ten years of age, sovereign of the country.

Luneburg.

(To be concluded in our next.)

wild bullocks in precisely a similar mode. In this manner, at the time of the invasion of Russia, the French General Segur was caught, and dragged from his horse, by a Cossack, after he had cut his enemy's lance in two with his sword.'

When they are in active service, they receive a ration of flour, millet, or oatmeal, and are paid from twelve to fifteen rubles a year; and as they are obliged to find their own arms, horses, equipments, must live almost entirely at the expense and subsistence, it is pretty clear that they either of their enemies or of their allies. Their dress, which is left to their own choice, is a motley mixture of every colour. They are armed with a carbine, sabre, and pistols; but their principal weapon is a pike, from fifteen to eighteen feet long, which they manage with great dexterity, and which alone is sufficient to make them formidable. But besides these, some of the Cossack corps carry a Characteristic Portraits of the various singular and not less dangerous weapon. Tribes af Cossacks attached to the This is a rope, from fifteen to eighteen Allied Armies in the Campaign of feet in length, with a noose at one end, 1815. Taken from the life at Paris, which they fling with such expertness and accompanied by Historical Par- and rapidity over a flying enemy, that, ticulars, and Authentic Descriptions provided he be within reach, they entrap him in the noose as securely as the of their Manners, Costume, &c. 4to.lazomen on the River La Plata catch the pp. 52. London, 1820. In another part of the present Number, we exhibit striking proofs of the progress of civilization, and of the cultivation of the polite arts in Russia, and we are now called upon to shew the dark side of the picture, in an account of the rude and unrefined Cossacks, whose personal appearance is as various as their tribes or the countries they inhabit. The Don, Ural, Zaporogian, Baschkir, Grebenski, Kirguis, and Tcherkasses, or Circassian, Cossacks, with the Nogays and Mongols, all form distinct tribes and differ from each other. But, generally speaking, all the Cossacks have something Asiatic in 'One man will eat at a meal fifteen their habits and physiognomy. They pounds of meat, and drink eight quarts of are of the middle stature, but of a ro- kumiss. One of their favourite dishes is bust constitution, inured to fatigue the bishbarmark, or five-finger dish, so and every vicissitude of climate; hence called because it is swallowed by handthe formidable resistance they made to fuls. It consists of hashed horseflesh. the French, not only in their own Baschkirian politeness requires each perErnest the Second, son of Henry, frightful country' but in the south of son to cram a handful of this hash into his who, on the resignation of his brother, Europe. Almost all the Cossacks have neighbour's mouth; and when they have public entertainments, every one strives succeeded to the Duchy, was called blue eyes, brown hair, cut short in the to introduce a handful into the mouth of the Confessor, on account of the active neck, and the beard more commonly the chief, who has nothing to do but diand zealous part he took in the reformna-red than black. Though the Cossacks gest what he is so liberally supplied with. tion. In the diet at Augsburg, his are really subjects, yet they are not If the mistress of a house is going to treat voice had a powerful influence in per- amenable to the general laws of the her guests with sheep's feet, she throws suading the princes to support the cause state; and it seems doubtful whether some dozens of them on the fire; takes they had adopted, and to reject the they can ever be brought into a state of them off when they are half broiled, and brings them by armfuls to the table. flattering and tempting promises of the civilization. They are, in general, re- With this ravenous disposition, the Baschemperor. He ably supported the ex-gistered for the military service at the kirs find themselves rather straightened in hortations of Luther, and was amongst age of eighteen, and not discharged till winter; it is said that their condition dur the first to propose the league for their they are fifty. The Russian governing that season is truly piteable; that

This Henry was an active and enterprising prince. He seceded from the church, and greatly promoted the reformation; a circumstance which involved him in war with his cousins Erick and Henry of Brunswick Walfenbuttle, whom he took prisoners. He was put under the law of the empire, and, to avoid the effects of this prescription, he resigned the duchy to his three sons, and fled to France, where he remained an exile for several years. On making proper submission, he was allowed to return, and became active in suppressing the insurrection occasioned by the extravagancies of Mun of Stollberg, the Apostle of the Anabap

tists.

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The author of the present work, after giving a general description of the Cossacks, proceeds to describe the different tribes, which are illustrated by some good lithographic engravings, and by characteristic anecdotes. Our extracts will rather be of a general description; we cannot, however, omit noticing the excessive voracity of the Baschkirs, of whom we are told that

they look like spectres, and do not begin to recover their flesh till spring.'

took by the hand, and sometimes set a
running, by throwing his cap for them to
bring back again, met a lad selling cakes.
He immediately laid an embargo on the
whole stock of the itinerant trader, which
reserving for himself about a dozen cakes,
he divided among his merry companions,
which he put into the pockets of his wide
breeches. Whilst occupied in housing
them, he spied an elegant lady coming
towards him, but who was about to turn
off to avoid the crowd of boys. The
Cossack ran up to her, pulled the cakes
three at a time out of his magazine, and
offered them to the lady, half dead with
fright. "Mamsell, good!-Dobre, mam-
sell!" said he, with a friendly smile.
When, however, neither kind words nor
gestures could prevail on ramsell to ac-
cept the cakes, he thrust them into her ri-
dicule, and respectfully kissed her fair
hands, in spite of all her endeavours to
disengage them from his grasp. The lady
made a precipitate retreat, and the Cos-
sack watched her, as long as she was in
sight, with a look of concern.'

sturgeons and belugas begin to ascend the river so early as the middle of autumnThe experienced fishermen, who watch them at the time the ice begins to form, assert, that these fish sport and play about winter abode, where they lie torpid on the spot which they fix upon for their the sand. A day is then fixed for opening the fishery. The wished-for day is ushered in by the discharge of artillery. The Cossacks, provided with tickets, mounted on sledges, and furnished with iron hooks of all dimensions, set out before sunrise, and range themselves in a line as they reach the appointed rendezvous. An attaman, elected for the sea-. on, reviews them, and examines if they have their hooks, and their arms to withstand the Kirguises, by whom they are frequently attacked; the jeassouls, or aides-de-camp, recommend order, and the party proceed to the designated spot. The part of the river destined for the winter fishery is about four hundred wersts in length, following the winding course of the Ural. Every day a certain space is set apart for operations. Each Cossack has his place, which he chooses as he arrives, and which he may change with his neighbour if it suits them, or if one of them quits his situation; but none of them can begin to fish till the attaman has given the signal, by a discharge of musketry. At this signal, each man makes a hole, the dimensions of which are nearly defined in the ice at the spot which he has chosen. He thrusts the largest of his hooks down to the mud of the river, which is sometimes fifteen or sixteen fathoms deep. The fish, roused from its torpor by another hook which the fisherman holds in his left hand, strives to burrow deeper, and falls upon the first hook, which the Cossack instantly pulls up upon the ice. It sometimes happens that two neighbours catch the same fish, or that they have need of assistance to draw up the largest; in such cases they divide the booty. Some of them will catch ten sturgeons a day, several of which will weigh as much as five puds, (a pud is thirty-three pounds weight, and belugas of above eight hundred pounds weight. Others are so unfortunate as not to catch any thing for several days; and,

We shall now give a few of the most characteristic anecdotes which this pleasing little work furnishes. It is necessary to premise that they relate to the Cossacks when at Dresden, in 1813: Love of Music.-It appears that these rude people are by no means insensible to the charms of music, for which they manifest a strong predilection. A party of them, attracted by the solemn peal of the organ, entered a church, and while it was playing, continued fixed in silent attention. Its tones ceased, and the officiating clergyman commenced his sermon. This address, in an unknown language, soon began to excite sympto ns of impatience in the strangers; one of whom, stealing softly up the steps of the pulpit unobserved by the minister, startled him not a little by tapping him on the shoulder in the midst of his harangue, and inviting him, as well as he could by signs, accompanied with all sorts of grotesque gestures, to descend, and no longer in- A Cossack's Word.- The Cossack coterrupt the gratification which the organist lonel, Prince G***n, was quartered with afforded to himself and his companions. a lady of rank. The footman of the latNotwithstanding the solemnity of the ter, going out of the house one evening place, the gravity of the minister and his about nine o'clock, observed a Cossack congregation were not proof against this before the door, holding two horses. To attack, and it was some time before the his utter astonishment, he soon discovered former could so far recover from its iu- that it was no other than Prince G., his dicrous effect, as to resume his discourse. mistress's guest.-" Good God!" said A young lady, of a respectable family, he, " is your highness holding horses?" was seated at her pianoforte, playing and-"Yes; a Cossack, who did not know singing. She was heard by a Cossack who me, just as I was coming out of the house, was passing under her window. As if en-asked me to hold them for a moment. chanted, he followed the melodious sounds, pursued his way up stairs, from room to room, and, after traversing several apartments, discovered the right one. He entered, and stood listening behind the lonely musician, who, half dead with fear on perceiving the figure of her martial visitor in a mirror, would naturally have run away. He detained her, and, in unintelligible language, but with friendly gestures, begged for a da capo; and without ceremony, fetched his comrades out of the street. The music soon relaxed the joints of the bearded warriors, and in a few moments they struck up a charming Cossack dance, in the best room in the house. The trembling girl given to the Cossacks registered for perhaps, do not take altogether sufficient

did not like to refuse him; but the fellow
stays rather too long. I have been
standing here almost an hour."-" Let

me

take the bridle; I will hold the horses."-" No; I must keep the promise which I have given to the Cossack. A Cossack never breaks his word." Whilst the servant was expressing his surprise at this kind of observance of the word of a prince, the Cossack came up, recognized the illustrious horse-holder, and threw himself at the feet of his colonel,, who mildly said, as he went away, "Another time, don't stay so long."

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The Ural tribes in Siberia have four fisheries every year, when tickets are

other civil and military officers two,
and the private Cossacks one; but
these tickets may be transferred or sold
for the year. The first of these fisher-
ies is the most important, the most pro-
ductive, and the most curious; and
we therefore close our extracts with

was obliged to summon up all her courage the military service. The Attamans re-
and strength, that her fingers might not
refuse to perform their office in this criti-ceive four, the Starschines three, the
cal juncture. She returned sincere
thanks to heaven when the dance was over,
and was not a little surprised when one of
the delighted performers, with the most
cordial gestures, laid a piece of gold on
the piano forte. It was to no purpose
that the young lady refused it; the donors
retired, leaving behind them the piece of
money, which the fair owner will doubt-an account of it :-
less presesve with care, as a memorial of
the lovers of dancing and music from the
deserts of Asia.'

Politeness. A Cossack, surrounded by a legion of boys, whom he sometimes

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to defray the expenses which their prepa-
rations for the fishery have occasioned,
and which they often make upon credit.
They never fail to ascribe this ill luck to
some spell that is set upon them, and if,
by accident, a frog should be brought up
by their hook, they immediately desist
would attend them.'
from fishing, convinced that some fatality

The costumes of the different tribes are well represented, and the work is About the 3d or 4th of January, the interesting, without having much preregistered Cossacks are assembled: in- tension to literary merit. Indeed, the quiry is made if those who have been ab-letter-press has only been considered as sent on business are returned, and where an auxiliary to the engravings, though the most fish have been observed; for the to us it is the most important feature.

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