The threaten'd combat was to him Then the spectre smil'd with a ghastly grin, The head a further moment crown'd, Back shrunk the noble chief aghast, But quickly to the portal past, But in the portal stiff and tall, By other door, he hoped to snatch, Whose pent arch darkly lower'd ;- He ran, with panting breath, He look'd behind, and that lurid light Red glow'd each window, slit, and door, But soon it rose, with bright'ning power, And wall-flower, fringing breach and tower, Then a spreading blaze, with eddying sweep, And then aloft, ou the stately keep, A burning rafter, blazing bright, It wielded in its hand; And its warrior-form of human height, Dilated grew and grand. Coped by a curling tawny cloud, High, high it rose, with wid'ning glare, A spell of horror lapt him round, His very pulse of life was bound Till harness'd warrior's heavy tread With haste each wond'rous tale was told, Day rose; but silent, sad, and pale, Stood the bravest of Scottish race; The author next shows, that the movements of the automaton cannot be directed, (as some have thought,) by the exhibitor, who walks about the room, and is frequently at a distance from the chest, far beyond the sphere of influence. Some stress is laid on the circumstance, that the machinery is always exhibited in a quiescent state, and never in motion; indeed, it seems very doubtful whether it ever does or ever was intended to move, notwith An Attempt to Analyse the Automaton THIS is a very ingenious attempt to de- tion, as would appear from the following extract : In all machines requiring to be wound up, two consequences are inseparable from their construction; the first is, that in winding up the machinery, the key is limited in the number of its revolutions; and the second is, that some relative proportion must be constantly maintained be twixt the winding up and the work performed, in order to enable the machine to continue its movements. Now these results are not observable in the chessplayer; for the automaton will sometimes execute sixty-three moves with only one winding up; at other times, the exhibitor has been observed to repeat the winding up after seven moves, and even three moves; and once, probably from inad vertence, without the intervention of a single move; whilst in every instance, and the circumstance, though trifling, calls for particular attention, (for in these matters, be it remembered," trifles light as air are confirmations strong,") the key appeared to perform the same number of revolutions: evincing thereby, that the revolving axis was unconnected with machinery, except, perhaps, a ratchet tus, to enable it to produce the necessary sounds, and consequently that the key, like that of a child's watch, might be turned whenever the purposes of the exhibition seemed to require it.' The author, by a reference to the engravings which he gives, first shows that the machinery within the automaton has no share in the movements, and that although it is intended to be understood that the whole of the interior is first exhibited to the spectators, yet that there is sufficient room to adunit the body of a man, who may with great fa cility direct all the motions of the automaton. He next divides automata into three classses, the simple, the com-wheel and clink, or some similar apparapound, and the spurious. The first class comprises those insulated automata whose movements result from mechanism alone. The second class are those which are moved by machinery, but This is pretty strong evidence that possess, at the same time, a communication with human agency, though not the machinery has no share in the auimmediately apparent. The third tomaton's movements; the author next class contains those automata which, proceeds to point out a method by under the semblance only of mechan-which any person, well skilled in the ism, are wholly directed and controlled game, and not exceeding the ordinary by a concealed human agent. To this bulk of stature, may secretly animate class he assigns the automaton chess- the automaton, and successfully imitate the movements of M. De Kemplayer; for pelen's chess-player. Having shewn that there is sufficient room in the chest, aud stated the way in which the player might be introduced into it, he says,— However great and surprising the power of mechanism may be, the movements which spring from it are necessarily limited and uniform; it cannot usurp and exercise the faculties of mind; it cannot be made to vary its operations, so as to meet the ever varying circumstances of a game of chess. This is the province of intellect alone.' In this position he will find no difficulty in executing every movement required of the automaton; his head being above the table, he will see the chess-board through the waistcoat, as easily as through a veil; and his left hand extending beyond the elbow of the figure, he will be enabled to guide its hand to any part of the board, and to take up and let go a chess-man, with no other delicate mechanism" than a string communicating with the fingers. His right hand being within the chest, may serve to keep in motion the contrivance for producing the noise which is heard during the moves, and to perform the other tricks, of moving the head, tapping on the chest, &c. In order to facilitate the introduction of the player's left arm into the arm of the figure, the elbow of the latter is obliged to be drawn backwards; and, to account for and conceal this strained attitude, a pipe is ingeniously placed in the automaton's hand. This pipe must not be removed till the other arrangements are completed. When all is ready, and the pipe removed, the exhibitor may turn round the winder or key, to give the impression to the spectators of winding up a spring, or weight, and to serve as a signal to the player to set the head of the automaton in motion. sons around him, and explaining to them Bishoprick of Osnaburg should be in his eldest son, succeeded. He died in On the death of William, Ernest, 1611, and Christian, the second brother next assumed the government. He supported the Elector, Palatine of The above process is simple, feasible, the Rhine, who had been elected King and effective; shewing, indisputably, that of Bohemia, that prince who was the phenomena may be produced without abandoned by his father in law, our the aid of machinery, and thereby render- James the First. In an engagement ing it probable, that the chess-player be- with the Spaniards, under Gonzalves longs, in reality, to the third class of automata, and derives its merit solely from de Cordova, at Fleurus, Christian had the very ingenious mode by which the his right arm shot off, but took the No court in Germany, nor indeed in concealment of a living agent is effected.' field again as soon as his wounds were Europe, was more splendid than that of The reference to the engravings in healed. He died in 1626, at the age Hanover; and the courtiers of Ernest Authis ingenious dissertation, is so fre- of thirty-six, leaving the government of gustus may be said to have rivalled those quent and so essential for the due ex-Luneburg and the command of the of Lonis the Fourteenth in the politeness planation of the principle upon which army to his next brother, Augustus, The old Duke of Luneburg lived in great the chess-player is conducted, that we who displayed much gallantry in the retirement in his castle at Celle, and selfear we have made the subject but very ceeded by his next brother, Frederick, his younger brother." war. He died in 1636, and was suc-dom appeared in the splendid circle of imperfectly intelligible; but it appeared to us sufficiently curious for a short notice, and to those who may feel a further interest in it, we recommend this brief work, and a watchful visit to the automaton itself. The collection of the Knight's moves' should be seen by all chess-players. A General History of the House of who died in 1648. George, the sixth son, on whom the matrimonial lot had fallen, and who is the ancestor of the present royal family of England, served with the Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus. He married Anne-Eleanora, of Hesse D'Amstadt, by whom he left four sons and four daughters. By an agreement with his brothers, it was settled that the states should be divided into two duchies after their decease; that the eldest of his surviving sons should have Luneburg, or Celle; and the second, Calemburg, then called Hanover: but this arrangement did not take place until after the death of Frederick, the last of the seven brothers, in 1648. of their manners, and also in their vices. The Elector died in 1698, and was succeeded in his titles and estates by his son, George Louis, who continued to reside with his mother at Hanover, until called to the throne of Great Britain. Here the Genealogical History of the House of Guelph terminates, and we shall, therefore, pass over the account of the intrigues at the English court respecting the succession, and the description of Hanover and Brunswick, and pass to the remaining division of the work, the Records and Original Documents of the House of Guelph. These records are prefaced by an account of the monasteries founded by the Guelphs, and of their sepulchres, previous to Henry the Lion; and an acChristian Louis, the eldest son of count of the Saxon ancestors of the George, on succeeding to the sove-Guelphs, up to the same period. These reiguty on the death of his uncle, fixed his residence at Celle. By a treaty of peace, concluded in 1642, it was agreed that the alternate nomination to the are detailed in letters and statements from the resident magistrates, clergymen, &c. where the monuments or records are to be found. Then follows an account of the sepulchres of the Guelphs, about the time of Henry the Lion, and subsequent to that period. These documents, though important as materials towards the history of this illustrious family, do not afford us any extract; indeed, the way in which they are huddled together, without order or connection, lessens their interest very much. In the historical narrative, to which they would have given an increased value, the author has scarcely availed himself of them. The whole work betrays a want of method and great slovenliness, both in style and arrangement; and notwithstanding the resources and advantages Dr. Halliday has possessed, we consider his work merely as data towards a History of the Family of the Guelphs, which is as much a desideratum as ever. In all the requisites of an historian, fidelity excepted, Dr. Halliday is miserably deficient, and his work adds one more to the many regrets we have often felt, that Gibbon did not live to finish his Dissertation, which would have been a record worthy of the subject, and which is one of the finest possible for an his torian. For one man that I see at confession in 'The church of S. Sebastian is one of do not see each other, I should suppose the seven basilica of Rome, that pilgrims this accident might sometimes occur, visit to obtain "absolution and remission especially if the confession be somewhat of poor heretics, who had visited these of their sins." But here were wc, a parcel prolix. holy shrines in vain,-for our sins, unab- the churches, there are at least fifty wosolved, still stuck by us. Before we left men. Whether it be that men have fewer the church, one of its retainers begged of sins, or women more penitence, or that us," for the holy souls in purgatory," ," it is more repugnant to the pride of man upon which your friend insisted to avow them to man, or that women have upon knowing what good money could do more time to think about them, (though them there. The man reluctantly replied, for that matter, as far as I see, both sexes for them, and that these masses shortened mine. that the money was given to say masses are equally idle here.) I cannot deterthe period of their purgation. But so it is. However, the men do confess. They must. If every true born Italian, man, woman, and child, within the Pope's dominions, does not confess and receive the communion at least once a-year, before Easter, his name is posted up in the parish church; if he still refrain, he is exhorted, entreated, and otherwise tormented; and if he persist in his, contumacy, he is excommunicated, which is a very good joke to us, but none at all to an Italian, since it involves the loss of civil rights, and perhaps of liberty and property. Even the Pope confesses, which I don't understand; for they say he is infallible. Then, if infallible, how can he have any failings to confess?' What rascals these priests must be, if they know their masses will release the poor souls that are broiling in the flames, and yet they won't say them without being paid for it! Is that what they call Christian charity, I wonder?" The man pitching on his last word, only replied by recommencing his accustomed whine, of "Carità Signore par le Anime Sante in Purgatoria! Carità!" &c. &c. 'Mr. then shewing him a piastre, asked him with great apparent seriousness and simplicity, how many souls that would take out of purgatory. The man, evidently half enraged, but unwilling to lose the money, declared he could not safely take upon him to say how many souls it would deliver from the flames, but he could aver that it would do much towards furthering the liberation of some of them. 'Mr. Rome in the Nineteenth Century; con- got our friend into a hotter situation in stand in St. Peter's: Spaniards, Portu- 'Such a conversation in such a place, a THIS work is the production of a live-century or two ago, I imagine, might have ly and entertaining writer, who has the talents and ingenuity to treat with novelty subjects that have long appeared to be stale, and to reap a rich harvest in fields which have been abundantly gleaned. The observations of the author, besides being retrospective as to the splendid monuments of antiquity which the Queen of cities' still boasts, notices their present state, and also embraces critical remarks on the Fine Arts-a view of the present state of society, and a description of the religious ceremonies, manners, and customs of the modern Romans. The style is pleasing and familiar; sometimes, perhaps, too flippant, when religion is the subject, for we would respect even the mummeries of Popery. 'At stated times, the confessors attend in the confessionals. This morning, being Friday, they were sitting in readiness. Some of those who were unemployed, fishing rods, sticking out of the box. The were reading. All had long wands, like people passing, kneel down opposite the confessor, who touches their head with his wand, which possesses the virtue of communicating spiritual benefit to their souls. The other day, I was much amused to see in a church into which we entered Plenary indulgence and remission of sins," are liberally offered here on very easy terms. I was at first rather startled with the prodigal manner in which that full pardon of all transgressions, which the Gospel promises only as the reward of sincere repentance and amendment, was bestowed at Rome, in consideration of re peating certain prayers before the shrine of money to certain priests. of certain saints, or paying a certain sum I was surprised to find scarcely a church in Rome, that did not hold up at the door the tempting inscription of "Indulgenzia Plenaria." Two hundred days' indulgence I thought a great reward for every kiss bestowed upon the great black cross in the Coliseum; but that is nothing to the indulgences for ten, twenty, and be bought, at no exorbitant rate, in many even thirty thousands of years, that may of the churches; so that it is amazing what a vast quantity of treasure may be amass. ed in the other world with very little industry in this, by those who are avaricious of this spiritual wealth, into which, indeed, the dross or riches of this world may be converted, with the happiest facility imaginable. We are told, that "it is easier for a than a rich man into the kingdom of camel to enter into the eye of a needle, heaven;" but, at Rome, at least, it would seem to be difficult, nay, impossible, to keep a rich man out." From several highly interesting tales of monastic life which these volumes As the subject of the Fine Arts at by accident, a fat old friar sitting in his contain, we select the two following, Rome has been so often noticed in our pages, we shall select a few extracts which treat of matters less familiar to our readers: confession box, fast asleep, while a wo- which present a melancholy picture of the distress which it so frequently oce casions. The author is speaking of the convent of St. Sylvestro: would for The history of one of the former nuns would be closed against them; and could | solved to make us understand something of this convent, as related to me by one they scale the walls, no other would be else, repeated the order, and began to of the sisters, is quite a romance, and in open to them. In this situation, the cour-flourish their swords about our ears. But its most common-place style. Her name age and presence of mind of the nun sat with more inflexible resoluwas Sasso Ferrato; she was left an orphan saved them both. She went, dressed in tion than ever, and all that was John Bull and an heiress in infancy, and placed by her lover's clothes, to the house of the in his composition now refused to move. her uncle, her sole guardian, here, with Cardinal Vicario, who was an old friend of For my part, I make it a rule never to opthe intention of inducing her to take the her father's; disturbed the family; had pose these pointed arguments, and, thereveil, that her fortune might descend to the cardinal roused out of bed on the fore, jumped out of the carriage, and purhim and to his family. It happened, plea of the most urgent and important bu- posely contrived to get myself involved however, that, at one of the grand pro-siness; obtained a private audience, amongst the horses and drawn swords of cessions of the Virgin, which the nuns threw herself at his feet, and confessed the cavalry, knowing that I was in no were assembled to behold, the young all. So earnestly did she implore him to real danger, and that Sasso Ferrato saw, and was seen by the save her and her family from the public get his dignity, and come to my assistcaptain of the guards, stationed at the con- disgrace of an exposure, that, melted by ance, which he accordingly did; but vent, a younger son of the Guistiniani fa- her tears, he followed the plan she sug- otherwise nothing, I believe, but main force mily, and a brother of one of her youthful gested; ordered his carriage, took her, would have got him out of the carriage. companions in the convent. His visits to and one confidential chaplain on whose fi- We saw the papal procession advance up his sister became very frequent, and Sas-delity he could rely, drove to the con- the Triumphal Way, along which the vicso Ferrato generally contrived to accom-vent, rang up the portress, and pretending torious cars of so many Roman heroes and pany her friend on those occasions. They he had received information of a man conquerors had rolled in their day of tribecame desperately in love; but the having entered and being concealed in it, umph. His holiness seemed, however, cruel- uncle refused his consent, and by demanded instant admittance to search it, content with the honours of an ovation, arts which intimidated the young and in- which, in virtue of his office, could not be for he was walking on foot, and instead of experienced mind of Sasso Ferrato, by refused at any hour. He ordered the ter- a myrtle crown, his brows were crowned powerful interest, which rendered the rified sisters to remain in their rooms, and with a large broad-brimmed scarlet velcomplaints of her lover vain, and by his having dropped the disguised nun in hers, vet hat, bound with gold lace. This hat authority, as the representative of her pa- proceeded in his mock examination till he very courteously took off as he passed rents, he succeeded in obliging her to she had disrobed herself, and his attend- us, and afterwards made another bow, in take the veil. She only lived two years ants had conveyed away the bundle of her return for our courtesies. Our lacquey afterwards. clothes; then professing himself perfectly was on his knees in the dust, and all the satisfied that the information he had re- Italians we saw, awaited his approach in ceived was false, he left the convent,- the same attitude, then prostrated themtaking care, however, next day, to have selves before him to kiss his toe, or ra the sewer so closed, that it could never ther the gold cross, embroidered in front serve for any thing but a passage for dirty of his scarlet shoes. His robes, which de water again." scend to his feet, were scarlet; on state occasions he wears no colour but white. He was attended by two cardinals, in their ordinary dress of black, edged with scarlet, followed by a train of servants, horses, the very model of the gilt, scarlet, and by his coach, drawn by six black wooden-looking equipages you may have seen in children's baby-houses. It looked exactly like a large toy. 'Her lover became a maniac, and after being confined for some time, continued, during the remaining years of his life, to roam about the neighbourhood of the city, his hair and beard growing wild, his dress neglected, and his manners gloomy and ferocious, though harmless in his actions.' The author gives a very amusing description of the state of society at Rome, where there was then a most amusing collection of ex-royalty of all sorts and kinds, remnants of old dynasties, and scions of heirs legitimate and illegitimate, all jumbled together. Besides the old King and Queen of Spain, there are the Ex-Queen and the The Pope himself is a very fine veyoung King of Etruria-the abdicated nerable old man, with a countenance exKing of Sardinia, turned Jesuit-Louis pressive of benignity and pious resignaBonaparte, the deposed King of Hol- tion. His is the very head you would land, living like a hermit-and Lu-draw for a Pope. I have since frequentcien Bonaparte, the uncrowned King, roads, for exercise, after his early dinner.' ly met him walking in this manner, on the living like a prince. Au accidental meeting with the Pope in the streets is thus noticed : I am informed that young nuns often fall in love with young friars, but that the attachment is perfectly Platonic. Indeed, so strict are now the rules of female monastic life, that I believe it must necessarily be so. But love, it is well known, will break through bolts and bars, and grates and convent walls; and love once inspired a nun with the project of getting out of her convent through a common sewer, which however unsavory a path, she frequently practised after night had covered the world with her sable curtain, and wrapped the peaceful sisterhood in the arms of Morpheus. Her nun's dress was deposited in her chamber, and the exterior dirty garment, with which she passed through the sewer, was exchanged We were proceeding along the anfor one her lover wrapped her in at its cient Via Triumphalis, that leads from the mouth. She used to walk with him some-church of St. Gregory to the Coliseum, times for hours, but always returned to her when the coachman observing to us, convent before the dawn. One evening, Viene il papa," drew up close by the however, on returning from her romantic side of the road, and stopped. His holiramble by moonlight, what was her hor-ness was preceded by a detachment of the ror to find the sewer-the well-known" Guarda Nobile," who, as soon as they passage-completely choaked up with came up with our open caleshe, comwater, and all entrance impracticable.manded us, in no very gentle voice, to get Discovery would bring certain destruc-out of the carriage. But -, whose tion on herself and her lover. Their lives spirit did not at all relish this mandate, would be the forfeit, or a solitary dun-nor the tone in which it was uttered, mageon their mildest doom. Concealment nifested no intention to comply, and our was impracticable; for who would har-servant, with true Italian readiness at a bour them? Flight impossible; for lic, declared we were Forestieri, who did without passports, the gates of the city no understand Italian. The officers, re 66 Our last extract shall be an account of the palaces of Rome, and the manner of living of the nobility: Palaces, to an English ear, convey an idea of all that the imagination can figure of elegance and splendour. But, after a certain residence in Italy, even this obstinate early association is conquered, and the word immediately brings to our mind images of dirt, neglect, and decay. The palaces of Rome are innumerable; but then, every gentleman's house is a palace,-I should say, every nobleman's, for there are no gentlemen in Italy, except noblemen; society being, as of old, divided into two classes, the Patricians and the Plebeians; but though every gentleman is a nobleman, I am sorry to say, every nobleman is not a gentleman; nei lumned courts; you ascend noble marble redress their grievances, and administer justice. Perhaps I ought to speak in the past, rather than the present tense; but they still exercise a sort of feudal jurisdiction over their numerous tekantryamong whom their will is law. ther would many of their palaces be con- | of ordure and rubbish defiling their co-ceive his vassals, hear their complaints, sidered by any means fit residences for gentlemen in our country. The legitimate application of the word, which, with us, is confined to a building forming a quadrangle, and inclosing a court within itself, is by no means adhered to here. Every house that has a porte cocher, and many that have not, are called palaces; and, in short, under that high-sounding appellation, are comprehended places, whose wretchedness far surpasses the utmost stretch of an English imagination to conceive. The custom of abandoning the groundfloor to menial purposes, except when used for shops, which is almost universal throughout Italy, and covering its windows, both for security and economy, with a strong iron grate, without any glass behind it, contributes to give the houses and palaces a wretched and dungeon-like appearance. than honest merchants, law Though they have the great names of Michael Angelo, Bramante, Versopi, Bernini, &c. &c. among their architects; though they are built of travertine stone, which, whether viewed with the deepened hues of age in the Coliseum, or the brightness of recent finish in St. Peter's, is, I think, by far the finest material for building in the world; and though, from the grandeur of their scale, and the prodigality of their decoration, they adinitted of grand combinations and striking effect, yet they are lamentably destitute of architectural beauty in the exterior; and in the interior, though they are filled with vast ranges of spacious apartments, though the polished marbles and precious spoils of antiquity have not been spared to embellish them, though the genius of painting has made them her modern temples, and sculpture adorned them with the choicest remains of ancient art the nobles of Rome and Naples. But yet they are, generally speaking, about the Doria, the Borghese, and the Colonthe most incommodious, unenviable, un-na, possess enough of their ancient comfortable dwellings, you can imagine. I know it may be said, that comfort in England and in Italy is not the same thing; but it never can consist in dullness, dirt, and dilapidation, any where. Italian confort may not require thick carpets, warm fires, or close rooms; but it can be no worse of clean floors, commoious furniture, and a house in good repair. In habitations of such immense size and costly decorations as these, you look for libraries, baths, music rooms, and every appendage of refinement and luxury; but these things are rarely to be found in Italian palaces. If they were arranged and kept up, indeed, with any thing of English propriety, consistency, order, or cleanliness, many of them would be noble habitations; but, in the best of them, you see a barrenness, neglect, an all prevailing look of misery-deficiencies every where-and contemptible meannesses adhering to grasping magnificence. But nothing is so offensive as the dirt. Amongst all the palaces, there is no such thing as a palace of cleanliness. You see, and that is not the worst,-you smell abominable dunghills, heaped up against the wal's of splendid palaces, and foul heaps yers, or physicians. ་ The Fiano Palace has its lower story let out into shops, and its superior ones occupied by about twenty different families-among which, the duke and duchess live in a corner of their own palace. "It is the same case with more than half Above the door of every palace, upon the escutcheon of the family arins, we seldom fail to see the S. P. Q. R., all that is left of the senate and people of Rome.' The lovers of light reading will be much pleased with these volumes, while the more grave student may find much worthy of his attention. Laneham's Letter, describing the magnificent Pageants presented before Queen Elizabeth, at Kenilworth Castle, in 1575; with an Introductory Preface, Glossarial and Explanatory Notes. 12mo. pp. 114. London, 1821. It is no uncommon thing for an Italian nobleman to go up into the attics of his own palace himself, and to let the principal rooms to lodgers. Proud as he is, he thinks this no degradation; though he would spurn the idea of allowing his Ir might almost be a question whether sons to follow any professsion, save that of the author of Waverley is not entitled arms or of the church. He would sooner to a national reward, even in a com see them dependants, flatterers, eaves-mercial point of view. For, independdroppers, spies, gamblers, cavalieri ser-ent of the good taste in novel writing vanti, polite rogues of any kind-or even which he has created, and the gratificabeggars, tion that he has afforded to millions, every production from his pen gives an active impulse to trade. Printers, booksellers, book-binders, &c. are immediately set in motion, the doors of the circulating libraries are closely be set, and the most agreeable present that a lover can make to his mistress is an early copy of the last novel of the author of Waverley.' The dra wealth to support their hereditary dignity, matic writers pounce on it, while it yet and their immense palaces are filled only steams from the press, and the scene with their own families and dependants. painter and the machinist are instantly Not but that, though lodgings are not let set to work to produce, in as short a at the Dora Palace, butter is sold there space as possible, a drama on the then every week, which, in England, would most popular subject of the day-the seem rather an extraordinary trade for most popular subject of the day-the one of the first noblemen in the land to last novel or romance by the author of carry on in his own house. Yet this veryWaverley.' But the business does not butter-selling prince looks down with a stop here; authors of less note find it species of contempt upon a great British an excellent speculation to graft an exmerchant. planatory or illustrative tract on the novel. Of this character is the work before us, which is a reprint of a curious old tract that is repeatedly referred to in the romance of Kenilworth; and, there stiled a very diverting tract, written by as great a coxcomb as ever blotted paper.' ⚫Commerce seems to be no longer respected in Italy-not even in Florence, where its reigning princes were merchants. Yet the proudest Florentine noblemen sell wine, by the flask, at their own palaces. I wonder the profits of this little huckstering trade never induced them to think of entering into larger concerns, that they might have larger returns. I wonder it never led them to remember that commerce was the source of the modern prosperity of Italy. But commerce cannot exist without freedom-a truth that princes and people have yet to learn here. The palaces of all the ancient Roman nobility have, in the entrance hall, a crimson canopy of state, beneath which, the prince sits on a raised throne to re It appears, from a well-written introductory preface, that Master Robert Laneham' was a native of Nottingham, but brought up in London, where he was of Leicester, who promoted him to the taken under the patronage of the Earl office of clerk of the council chamber and gentleman usher; offices which, as he says in his letter, gave him the pri |