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delay.

To Parents and Guardians.

In 12mo. price 5s. boards,

of

Am I, therefore, become your enemy because I tell you, the truth?'-Galatians, ch. 4. Printed for JOHN ROBINSON, No. 5, Paternoster Row, and to be had of all Booksellers. July 1st is published, hot-pressed, price

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To Daffadilles. By Rob. Herrick, born 1591.
Faire Daffadilles, we weepe to see

You haste awaye so soone:

As yet the earlie risinge sunne
Has not attayned his noone.
Staye, staye,

Until the hastinge daye
Has runne

But to the even-songe,
And having prayed together, we

Will go with you alonge.

We have shorte time to staye as you,
We have as shorte a springe;

As quick a growthe to meete decaye,
As you or any thinge.

We die,

As your houres doe, and drye
Awaye,

Museum, Piccadilly; and at Mr. Souter's, Book

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No. 113.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1821.

Review of New Books.

The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London, with Biographical Anecdotes of Royal and Distinguished Persons, deduced from Records, State Papers, and Manuscripts, and from other Original and Authentic Sources. By John Bayley, Esq.

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ground for supposing any fortifica-
tion of importance ever did exist on
its site until some years after the Nor-
man conquest, when the principal
structure, now called the White Tower,
was built by command of King Wil-
liam the First, under the superintend
ance of that celebrated military archi-
tect, Gundulph, Bishop of Rochester.
Several additions were made to the

Price 6d.

in recovering his kingly prerogatives, and endeavouring to shake off the yoke which had been thus imposed upon him, civil ters of the city, and the Archbishop conwar ensued; the barons remained mastinued in charge of the Tower till after the arrival of the French in the following year, when it was given up to Prince Lewis, who had been invited into England to take possession of the crown.'

F. A. S. one of His Majesty's Com-buildings by William Rufus and Hen-resided at the Tower, and not only

missioners on the Public Records.
In Two Parts. Part I.
4to. PP.
306. London, 1821.

King Henry the Third frequently strengthened it, but also adorned the chapels with paintings and pieces of sculpture. It was during the reign of this King, in 1249, that the additional line of fortifications which he had but just completed, were, on the night of St. George, destroyed as if by an earthquake. The foundations gave way, and a noble portal, with the walls and bulwarks, all fell down; and, strange to tell, no sooner were the works restored, than, in 1241, the whole again fell down, on the very same night, and, as we are told, at the self same hour that had proved destructive

ry the First; and, so early as the reign of the latter, the Tower was used as a place of confinement for prisoners of WHEN we first saw this work announc- state. In the year 1100, soon after ed, we felt happy that a place of such the death of William Rufus, Ranulph interest and importance as the Tower, Flambard, Bishop of Durham, was imthe history of which has been long ne-prisoned there by the order of the king. glected, was at length to possess It does not, however, appear to have its share of illustration, and that it been used as a royal residence until was undertaken by a gentleman so the year 1140, when King Stephen recompetent to the task. From the pre- tired to it with but a slender retinue, face we learn that the work was begun and kept his court there during the some considerable time ago; and that, festival of Whitsuntide. It was soon about the middle of the year 1819, after fortified against him, by the Gowhen a large portion of it had gone vernor Geffrey de Mandeville. In the through the press, it was destroyed, to-reigu of Richard the First, the charge to them the year preceding. In the of the Tower was confided to Long-latter part of the reign of Henry, the champ, Bishop of Ely, who strength- Tower forms a prominent feature of ened its fortifications and surrounded history, as its possession was strongly it with a deep ditch. It appears that contested in the war between Henry King John often kept his court at the and the barons. Tower, and made considerable additions to its fortifications:

gether with the manuscript, by the fire at Messrs. Bensley's printing office. This must have been a sad mortification to Mr. Bayley, who had to begin his work de novo, under circumstances so disadvantageous and discouraging.

The portion of the work now submitted to the public, contains a comIn the year 1215, the long kindling pressed chronological and general his- flames of discord broke out between John tory of the Tower as a palace and for- and his barons; and at the very comtress, with a description of all its mate- mencement of hostilities, the latter took rial buildings. The Second Part will possession of the capital at the invitation contain an account of the Tower as a of the citizens, and laid siege to the Towstate prison, with biographical notices er; but, although there were only few of the most distinguished personages within to defend it, it held out until the that have been contined there; an acsigning of the great charter; when, as a security for the performance of certain concount of the ancient customs, jurisdic-ditions, exacted with that celebrated code, tions, and privileges attached to the the king was obliged to agree that the City Tower. This part, which is promised of London should remain in the possesto be published next season, will be sion of the rebels, and the Tower be dethe most interesting. livered in trust to the Archbishop of Canterbury till the 15th of August, or the fulfilling of this agreement, when both were to be restored to the royal authority. Engagements, however, which were obtained by force, John thought himself but little bound to observe; and, aided by the terrific power of the Pope, he had no sooner the means than he employed them

It has been a common opinion, though unsupported by historical evidence or any local discovery of a satisfactory nature, that the Tower owes its foundation to the Romans. This idea is rejected by Mr. Bayley, who says that there is not the 'slightest VOL. III.

Neither King Edward the First nor the Second evinced much partiality. for the Tower, though the latter oecasionally retired to it as a place of safety. Here he left his Queen and family when he marched against his unruly, barons; and here his eldest daughter was born, who, from that circumstance, was called Jane of the Tower. In the reign of Edward the Third, the Tower was peopled with some illustrious inmates, among whom was King David Brus, who, with several Scottish chiefs, was taken prisone" at the battle of Neville's Cross:

:

The King was conveyed from York under an escort of twenty thousand men, and the day of his entering the capital was one of as great joy and satisfaction to the people, as that was to the Romans on which the brave Caractacus was brought in chains to the imperial city. David was seated on a high black courser, so that he might be seen to the multitudes who had

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tress.'

In the reign of Henry the Eighth, the Tower was peopled with many distinguished tenants, including more than one of his wives; and, among the memorabilia of this reign, Stowe re

• In the year 1546, the 27th of April, being the Tuesday in Easter week, William Foxley, pot-maker for the Mint, in the Tower of London, fell a-sleep, and so continued sleeping, and could not be wakened with pricking, cramping, or otherwise burning whatsoever, till the first day of term, which was fourteen days and fifteen nights. The cause of his thus sleeping could not be known, though the same were diligently searched after by the king's physician and other learned men; yea, the king himself examined the same William Foxley, who was in all points found at his wakening, to be as if he had slept but one night; and he lived more than forty years after in the said Tower.'

assembled to witness the glorious specta- Bloody Tower] which it is generally sup- preparations were actually made for cle. At the entrance to the metropolis, posed to have derived from the circum- Prince Edward to have attended the he was met by all the craft, clad in their stance of the two young princes, Edward coronation of his uncle, Richard the respective liveries, and, with a great shew the Fifth and his brother, Richard Duke Third, as appears from the wardrobe of honour, was conducted from street to of York, sons of King Edward the Fourth, Mr. Bayley, after exstreet, till he came to the Tower, where, having, as it is said, been put to death in account for the year 1483, which is on the 2d of January, 1347, in the presence this particular spot, by order of their un- here quoted. of the Lord Chancellor and the Lord Treacle, the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards amining the account given by Sir Thosurer, he was delivered into the charge of King Richard the Third. It has already mas More and others, of the murder of Sir John Darcy, the constable of that for- been noticed that the whole story of the the young princes, proves how little retwo royal youths comes to us in so "ques-liance can be placed upon them, and Charles of Blois, one of the compe- tionable a shape," that it can never be en- shows, that whether they were murdertitors for the crown of Brittany, the vatertained without some serious doubts; if ed at all or not, still remains an 'historic doubt.' Jiant John of Vienne, the Governor of we admit, however, that the young princes Calais, with twelve of the bravest de- really came to a violent death in the Tower, the idea of this place having been fenders of their native city; and last-the scene of their destruction rests on no ly, John, King of France, and his son authority; and the story which the warPhilip, were added to the Scots King, dens, whose trade it is to tell a wonderas prisoners in the Tower. ous tale," so gravely propagate, respecting In the memorable insurrection of the discovery of their bones under the lit-lates that, Wat Tyler, the young King Richard tle stair-case above alluded to, is still more glaringly false; bones, it is true, the Second, with his mother and sevewere found in the Tower, in the reign of ral of the nobility, took refuge in the King Charles the Second, and they were Tower; and while he was on the point looked upon to be those of children, of of going out to meet the rebels, by ap- ages corresponding with the two princes; pointment, at Mile End, a chosen band but it is most decidedly known that they of them rushed into the fortress, and were discovered in a very different part committed the most barbarous cruel- of the fortress; namely, on the south side ties; pillaging the royal apartments, of the White Tower, at the foot of a stairand dragging the Archbishop of Can-case which leads to the chapel in that building. terbury, the Chancellor, and Sir Ro- Without dwelling on the seeming inbert Hales, the treasurer, to instant ex-consistency of the epithet bloody being apecution. Richard afterwards became plied to a building, because, as it a prisoner in the tower, and it was here is imagined, two children were smothat he resigned the crown to Henry of thered in it, it may not be amiss briefLancaster. ly to inquire how far it is likely that can be connected with that In the contest between the Houses of its name circumstance. Soon after the death of York and Lancaster, there are many circumstances connected with the histo-King Edward the Fourth, his two sons were conveyed to the Tower, under the ry of the Tower which are very inter-charge of their uncle, with the professed esting, particularly the succession of Ed-intent of secluding them from the bustle ward the Fifth, the young King's impri- of the court, whilst preparations were to be sonment in the Tower, the accession of made for the eldest's coronation. Is it Richard, and the final disappearance of then to be supposed, whatever might the young princes. The latter circum- have been the protector's design as to the stance is involved in much obscurity, ultimate fate. of his nephews, that the princes were not lodged in the royal and Mr. Bayley defers attempting to apartments, and paid all the respect due develop so intricate and important a to their rank? Is it likely that Richard question to the second part of his should have had them shut up in the dark work, in order to take the chance of any and wretched dwelling of one of the porfurther information he may gain on ters of the gates? If he had wanted in the subject. In the description of the humanity, would policy have dictated Bloody Tower,' however, he returns such a course? No; it must at once betrayed some foul design, without adding to it, and offers some very cogent reaa jot to the facility of its perpetration. that the name of the building did not originate in the circumstance in question, is its not having assumed the appellation till upwards of a century after the supposed It has already been shown, that in act. the early part of the reign of King Henry the Eighth, it was known by a title, and it was not before the latter end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, that we find it marked out as the scene of some horrid deed.'

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King Edward the Sixth held his first court at the Tower, where he resided for some time; and, during his reign," it became the prison of the protector, the Duke of Somerset, who was afterwards executed on the adjoining hill. Lady Jane Grey and her husband were also confined in the Tower, where they remained till the period of their execution; that of Lady Jane on the green walk, in the Tower, and her husband on Tower Hill.

The sanguinary reign of Mary was not likely to leave the Tower unpeopled, and therefore we find her sending her sister, afterwards Queen Elizabeth, among others, to its safe keeping. When this princess first entered the

sons for believing that the traditional But a stronger proof we need not have, fortress, at the traitor's gate, she said,

story of the young princes is not the most correct. He says,

In the careful and very minute survey which was taken of the Tower in the reign of Henry the Eighth, this building is called the Garden Tower, by reason of its contiguity to the constable's or lieutenant's garden, which now forms a part of what is termed the Parade. In the year 1597, another survey was made of the fortress, by order of Queen Elizabeth, and it was then known by its present appellation, [the

different

It is not a little remarkable that

'here landeth as true a subject, being a prisoner, as ever landed at these stairs, and before thee, O God, I speak it.'

with her usual dignity,

Queen Elizabeth kept her court at the Tower until her coronation, but not afterwards, nor did any thing interesting occur respecting it in her reign, except as a state prison.

James the First, after holding his court a short time at the Tower, sent

as prisoners to it, Sir Walter Ralegh, Lady Arabella Stuart, who died there, the Earl of Northumberland, who was confined in it upwards of fourteen years, and other.celebrated characters.

A prisoner, of the name of Clarke, | But death, more gentle than the law's decree, has left the following words, curiously Hath paid my ransom from captivity. inscribed :

'T. C. I leve in hope and I gave credit to mi frinde in time did stande me In the reign of Charles the First, se- most in hande, so would I never do veral members of the House of Com-againe, except I had him suer in hande; mous were committed to the Tower; and to al men wishe I so, unles ye susand when the troubles of that reigntaine the leke lose as I do. commenced, the parliamentary faction took possession of it. From this period the history of the Tower possesses little interest, except as a state prison, and therefore Mr. Bayley does not continue his chronological account later than the reign of James the Second.

many

Unhappie is that mane whose acts doth procuer
The misere of this hous in prison to induer.

1576, Thomas Clarke.'

of the above prisoner's name, and, in a
In another part, there is a repetition
third place,-

"Hit is the poynt of a wyse man to try, and
then truste,

For happy is he who fyndeth one that is juste,

T.C.'

The sincerity of the following in-
scription will scarcely be doubted :-
'Thomas Miagh, which liethe here alone,
That fayne wold from hens begon,
By torture straunge, my troth was
Tryed, yet of my libertie denied.

1581, Thomas Miagh.'
other inscriptions :-
In the same part of the room are

The uppermost is a rude piece of
sculpture, by
"Thomas Willyngar." It
without date, and consists of a bleeding
heart, with the letters T. W., the initials
of his own name on one side, and P. A.,
most likely those of his mistress, on the
other; there is also a figure of death,

Buried, June 23, 1794, by a fellowprisoner in the Tower of London.' The description of the jewels and regalia is less minute than we should have expected; but there is an interesting, though rather coarse account of the notorious attempt of Blood to steal The care of the regalia was at that the crown on the 9th of May, 1673. time entrusted to Talbot Edwards, an family, and from whom is derived the old confidential servant of the Talbot

relation of the transaction:

About three weeks before this audacious villain made his attempt upon the crown, he came to the Tower in the habit of a parson, with a long cloak cassock, and canonical girdle, accompanied by a woman, whom he called his wife. They desired to see the regalia, and, just as their wishes had been gratified, the lady feigu ed sudden indisposition; this called forth the kind offices of Mrs. Edwards, the keeper's wife, who, having courteously invited her into their house to repose herself, she soon recovered; and, on their for this civility. departure, professed themselves thankful

We now pass on to the local description, from which, however, our extracts shall be brief. The Beauchamp Tower, from its having been one of the principal state prisons, and the place wherein illustrious and unfortunate persons have been confined, excites a degree of interest, which is heightened by the numerous inscriptions, coats of arms, and other devices, left on its dreary walls by those unhappy sufferers. These memorials were discovered so recently as 1796, on mak-is bringing a present to Mr. Edwards, of four A few days after, Blood came again, ing some alterations, for the purpose of pairs of white gloves, from his pretended converting the building into a mess. wife; and having thus begun the acquainthouse for the officers of the garrison. They have, most of them, been printance, they made frequent visits to improve it. After a short respite of their ed, though not very correctly, in the hour glass in the right; and, on the op- turned again; and, in conversation with holding a dart in the left hand, and an compliments, the disguised ruffian rethirteenth volume of the Archaeologia, posite side of the bleeding heart, are the Mr. Edwards, said, that his wife could and we shall, therefore, only notice one words-Thomas Wyllingar, goldsmithe.- discourse of nothing but the kindness of or two of them. A young Fleming or My hart is your's tel dethe. No account those good people in the Tower; that Brabanter, of the name of Charles has been preserved of this person; but it she had long studied, and at length beBailly, who was an adherent of Mary, may be conjectured from his profession, thought herself of a handsome Queen of Scots, has left some curious that his offence was that of clipping or quital. You have, quoth he, a pretty inscriptions, of which Mr. Bayley has counterfeiting the coin of the realm." young gentlewoman for your daughter, given a fac-simile engraving. In the uppermost story of the Beau-and I have a young nephew, who has two panel, ornamented with lozenges, are champ tower there are also several in- or three hundred a year in land, and is at the following reflections, which have scriptions. One prisoner, whose name my disposal. If your daughter be free, not lost their value in their anti-is unknown, has thus recorded the te- and you approve it, I'll bring him here to quity:- 'J. H. S. see her, and we will endeavour to make it a match. This was easily assented to

1751, die 10° Aprilis.

In a

Wise men ought circumspectly to se what they do; to examine before they speake; to prove before they take in hand; to beware whose company they use; and, above all things, to whom they truste. Charles Bailly.'

a

dious period of his confinement:'Close prisoner 8 monthes, 32 weekes, 224 dayes, 5376 houres. On the wall at the Beauchamp tower, there lately existed two epitaphs on a cat and goldfinch, supposed to have been written by John Augustus Bonney, who In another place, there is the follow-was a prisoner there for high treason, lowing inscription:

along with Horne Tooke and others,
in 1794. Although they are neither
valuable by their antiquity, nor by
any particular merit which they possess,
yet we shall quote the latter, and then
close this huge memorial of misfor-

Principium sapiente timor Domini.
I. H. S. X. P. S. Be frend to one, be
ennemye to none, Anno D. 1571, 10
Sept. The most unhappy man in the
world is he that is not pacient in adversi-
ties; for men are not killed with the ad-tune:"
versities they have; but with ye impaci-
ence which they suffer."

Tout vient apoient, quy peult attendre
Gli sospiri ne son testimoni veri dell angos-
cia mia.
Charles Bailly?'

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æt. 29.

'Epitaph on a Goldfinch.
Where Raleigh pin'd within a prison's gloom,
I chearful sung, nor murmur'd at my doom;
When heroes bold and patriots firm could

dwell, '

A goldfinch in content his note might swell;

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by old Mr. Edwards, who invited the par

dily accepted the invitation; and, taking son to dine with him on that day; he reaupon him to say grace, performed it with great seeming devotion, and, casting up his eyes, concluded it with a prayer for the king, queen, and royal family. After dinner, he went up to see the rooms, and observing a handsome case of pistols hang there, expressed a great desire to buy them, to present to a young lord, who was his neighbour; a pretence, by which he thought of disarming the house against the period intended for the execution of his design. At his departure, "which was a canonical benediction of the good company, he appointed a day and hour to bring his young nephew to see his mistress; which was the very day that he made his daring attempt."

The good old gentleman had got up

Blood told Mr. Edwards, that they would not go up stairs till his wife came, and desired him to shew his friends the crown to pass the time till then; and they had no sooner entered the room, and the door as usual shut, than a cloak was thrown over the old man's head, and a gag put into his mouth.

ready to receive his guest, and the daugh-longed to the house; and, perceiving the
ter was in her best dress to entertain her person to be a stranger, told him, that if
expected lover; when, behold, Parson he had any business with his father, that
Blood, with three more, came to the jewel he would acquaint him with it, and so
house, all armed with rapier blades in hastened up stairs to salute his friends.
their canes, and every one a dagger and a This unexpected accident spread confu-
brace of pocket-pistols. Two of his com- sion among the party, and they instantly
panions entered in with him, on pretence decamped with the crown and orb, leav-
of seeing the crown, and the third stayed ing the sceptre yet unfiled.
at the door, as if to look after the young The aged keeper now raised himself
lady, a jewel of a more charming de- upon his legs, forced the gag from his
scription, but in reality as a watch. The mouth, and cried treason! murder! which
daughter, who thought it not modest to being heard by his daughter, who was,
come down till she was called, sent the perhaps, anxiously expecting far other
maid to take a view of the company, and sounds, ran out and reiterated the cry.
bring a description of her gallant; and The alarm now became general, and
the servant conceiving that he was the in-young Edwards and his brother-in-law,
tended bridegroom who stayed at the Captain Beckman, ran after the conspira-
door, being the youngest of the party, re- tors; whom a warder put himself in a po-
turned to soothe the anxiety of her young sition to stop, but Blood discharged a
mistress with the idea she had formed of pistol at him, and he fell although unhurt,
his person.
and the thieves proceeded safely to the
next post, where one Sill, who had been a
soldier under Cromwell, stood sentinel;
but he offered no opposition, and they
accordingly passed the draw-bridge.
Horses were waiting for them at St. Ca-
therine's gate, and as they ran that way,
along the Tower wharf, they themselves
cried out, stop the rogues; by which they
Thus secured, they told him, that passed on unsuspected, till Captain Beck-
their resolution was to have the crown, man overtook them. At his head Blood
globe, and sceptre; and if he would qui- fired another pistol, but missed him, and
etly submit to it, they would spare 'his was seized. Under the cloak of this dar-
life; otherwise he was to expect no mer-ing villain was found the crown, and al-
су. He thereupon endeavoured to
make all the noise he possibly could, to
be heard above; they then knocked him
down with a wooden mallet, and told
him, that if yet he would lie quietly, they
would spare his life; but, if not, upon
his next attempt to discover them, they
would kill him. Mr. Edwards, however,
according to his own account, was not in-
timidated by this threat, but strained him-
self to make the greater noise, and in con-
sequence received several more blows on
the head with the mallet, and was stabbed
Blood and his accomplices, after be-
in the belly; this again brought the poor ing a short time in prison, were par-
old man to the ground, where he lay for doned. He represented to the king
some time in so senseless a state, that one that he was connected with a formid-
of the villains pronounced him dead. Ed-able band, who would revenge the pun-
wards had come a little to himself, and ishment inflicted on any one of its
hearing this, lay quietly, conceiving it
best to be thought so. The booty was
now to be disposed of, and one of them
named Parrot * , put the orb in his
breeches. Blood held the crown under
his cloak; and the third was about to file
the sceptre in two, in order that it might
be placed in a bag brought for that pur-
pose; but, fortunately, the son of Mr.
Edwards, who had been in Flanders with
Sir John Talbot, and, on his landing in

England, had obtained leave to come

away post to visit his father, happened to

arrive while the scene was acting; and, on coming to the door, the person that stood centinel asked, with whom he would speak? to which he answered, that he be*He was a silk-dyer, in Southwark, and,

in the rebellion, had been a lieutenant under Major-General Harrison.'

though he saw himself a prisoner, he had
yet the impudence to struggle for his
prey; and when it was finally wrested
from him, said, "It was a gallant attempt,
however unsuccessful; it was for a
crown!"

Parrot was also taken; but Hunt,
Blood's son-in-law, reached his horse, and
rode off, as did two other of the thieves;
but he was soon afterwards stopped, and
likewise committed to custody.'

members.

The description of the several apartments in the Tower loses much of its interest from not containing an account of the prisoners, and we think this division of the work rather injudicious. Mr. Bayley is not an elegant writer, but his style is plain and intelligible, and, from the anxiety he discovers to ascertain the truth, we believe him to be a very faithful historian. The embellishments of the work consist of twenty-seven plates, representing various parts of the Tower, and are well engraved by Pye, from drawings by Nash.

Travels of Cosmo the Third, through
England, during the Reign of King
Charles the Second.

(Concluded from p. 405.)
FROM the Cock-pit, where we last left
the Grand Duke, his highness passed
to the principal dancing schools of the
metropolis, frequented both by mar-
ried and

unmarried ladies;" and thence to the gladiators or fencing-masters. The Earl of Arlington, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Earl of Devonshire all received visits from Cosino, who also went as far as Vauxhall to see an hydraulic machine, by the celebrated Marquis of Worcester, which raises water more than forty geometrical feet, by the power of one man only, and, in a very short space of time, will draw up four vessels of water, through a tube or channel not more than a span in width.' which we have a rather curious acHampton Court was also visited, of

count:-

The numerous towers and cupolas, judiciously disposed at irregular distances all over the vast pile of building, form a most striking ornament to it, whether viewed near or at a distance. The groundfloor is divided into twelve courts, two of which, being much superior to the others in size, as well as beauty, contain the gardens, which are admirably laid out. They are divided into very large, level, and well-kept walks, which, separating the ground into different compartments, form artificial parterres of grass, being themselves formed by espalier trees, partly such as bear fruit, and partly ornamental ones, but all adding to the beauty of the appearance. This beauty is further augmented by fountains, made of slate, after the Italian style, and distributed in different parts of the garden, whose jets d'eaux throw up the water in various playful and fanciful ways. There are also in the gardens some snug places of retirement in certain towers, formerly intended as places of accommodation for the king's mistresses. The chapel, by the elegance of its structure, contributes much to the splendour of this great edifice, in which they pretend that the number of rooms exceeds four hundred; those which constitute the royal apartments are most worthy of observation, the ceilings being composed of cedar and timber from Ireland, which has the property of keeping do not even spin their webs or make their every thing poisonous, so that spiders nests upon it; consequently, the gold retains so much the greater lustre upon the furniture with which the rooms are enriched, and the valuable paintings with which they are decorated; and on this account, one of them is called Paradise. Corresponding with the apartments, two very long galleries, which, after the death

off

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