And Weekly Review; Forming an Analysis and General Repository of Literature, Philosophy, Science, Arts, History, the Drama, Morals, Manners, and Amusements. This Paper is published early every Saturday Morning; and is forwarded Weekly, or iu Monthly or Quarterly Parts, throughout the British Dominions. No. 92. LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1821. Review of New Books. ROYAL FAMILY OF ENGLAND. A General History of the House of Price 6d. Antichita Estense. But, with the ex-sessed advantages unknown to the previ- sand years,' says the author, occupy Thirty-three generations and a thoumost certainly a small space even in the Without inquiring for the present, historical period of the world; but all whether a more judicious use might greatness is relative; and it may be added, not have been made of the materials that there is not one family in Europe which Dr. Halliday possessed, we shall which can establish, by clear and con-proceed to analyse his work, and give a temporary proofs, a similar antiquity. brief but succinct history of the royal The House of Guelph appear as sovereign princes from the earliest period of their family of England. history. If, therefore, antiquity and Gibbon, who wrote a Dissertation illustrious birth are entitled in any degree on the Antiquities of the House of to respect, Great Britain may be proud of Brunswick,' published in his posther her present sovereign; and although nous works, says, An English sub- George the First owed the crown more ject may be prompted by a just and fi- immediately to his female parent, the beral curiosity, to investigate the ori-reader will find, by consulting the gegin and story of the House of Bruns-neal descendant of the Plantagenet stem. nealogical tables, that he was the only liwick, which, after an alliance with the The blood which warmed the heart of daughters of our kings, has been called Bruce flowed also in the veins of the by the voice of a free people to the legal Elector of Hanover. It cannot fail to be inheritance of the crown.' Gibbon un- remarked, in the history of this family, that appily did not live to finish his re- while its sons acquired wealth and hosearches, but the House of Bruns-nours by their union with the daughters wick possesses such well-founded of emperors and kings, the daughters claims to antiquity and importance, tentates in Europe and Asia. adorned the thrones of the greatest pothat it has engaged a more than ordiCould the conjectural evidence of the nary share of the attention of genealo- German antiquaries be admitted, not less gists and historians. The celebrated than five centuries might be added to the Leibnitz, who passed the last forty period of our history, and fifteen generayears of his life at the court of the tions more, of probable ancestors; but Duke of Hanover, became the archi-the highest ambition of human pride may tect of a monument which this family be satisfied with what is certain in the pewere ambitious of raising to the glory of is no sovereign house in Europe, ancient digree of the House of Guelph. There their name. His labours were pub- or modern, that has not been connected lished in several volumes, and laid the with, or sprung from, some branch of this foundation of Ecard's Origines family.' Guelphica,' which form five folio volumes. The Italian branch has been illustrated by Muratori in his Vo.. III. There is much of fable connected with the early history of the Guelphs, yet the diligent inquirer will discover that, at a period when the present reigning families of Europe were unheard of, or merely rising into notice, the ances tors of our sovereign were reigning princes. About the middle of the fifth century, the name Wlph, or, as it is now spelt, Guelph, first occurs as a leader or prince of the tribe of the Scyrri, a body of warriors who formerly occupied the southern shores of the Baltic, and some of the Danish islands, but at this period Noricum, the ancient Rhaetia, and prewere in possession of what was called sent country of the Tyrol. In 1590, we find a Guelph commanding the Boiavarii, or Bavarians, under Childebert, King of the Franks, and acting as an auxiliary of the Romans against Autharsis, the King of the Lombards. But for a century afterwards, the name chiefly occurs among the princes of the Bavarian nation, and the nobles of Lombardy, or as one of the great officers of the court of France. From In the present work, the author has 613 to 635, a Guelph was the chamnot only drawn largely on the autho-berlain of Dagobert, King of France, rities we have stated, but he has pos- and employed by him in correcting and G-7 was In all the to visit this place of mournful solitude. the banks of a pleasant river in the plain arranging the laws of the Gothic nations. This prince is said to have Moved by the sight of its miserable of Lechrain, and that extensive plain A general invitation, had collected twenmarried a German, and to have settled condition, he determined to honour the covered with tents and wooden edifices. ty or thirty thousand guests, consisting of in Bavaria, and from him were de-memory of his father by providing a scended Guelph, who was Count of more comfortable abode for the remain-princes, barons, and knights; who, with Bavaria in 670; Olkarius, Duke of ing partakers of his solitude. There their numerous retinues, continued to Burgundy; Adelburtus, Count of was no time for building a new monas-keep up a festival which, by the profuse Bavaria, and ancestor of the Marquesses tery; he therefore removed them to Alt- hospitality of the bridegroom, was proof Tuscany; and Ruthardus, ancestor munster, and began the building of a longed for several weeks. of the Counts of Altdorf and kings of new abbey at Altdorf, between the tournaments of chivalry Henry bore off Burgundy or Arles. Wolfhardus was years 920 and 925, in order to have the the prize.' faithful friends of his late father near the son of Adelburtus. His name, in German, signifying the doer of good him. works,' was literally translated into the Latin records of the age, and Bonifacius, Governor or Count of Lucca, and of the whole province of Tuscany, makes no contemptible figure in the days of Charlemagne: After the death of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, who succeeded him, being then a widower, determined on a second marriage. The fairest and noblest dames of the empire were invited to his court; and the beauty and accomplishments of Judith, daughter of Guelph, Count of Altdorf, and the grand-daughter of Ruthardus, was rewarded with what Gibbon calls, "a fond and feeble husband," in the person of Louis. During ten years, from 819 to 830, this daughter of Guelph enjoyed and embellished the feasts of an itinerant court; and, after passing through many vicissitudes, she died in peace and honour, in 843, leaving a posterity which reigned in France for a century and a half.' Ethico, or Edico, the elder brother of the Empress Judith, was succeeded in 830 by his son, Guelph, who was succeeded by his son Ethico, of whose son, Henry, it is recorded, That being much at the court of the Emperor Arnulph, and having consented to receive and to hold, as a fief of the empire, as much land as he could surround in one day with a chariot, he had a little vehicle made of gold, with which he mounted his fleetest horses, stationed at proper distances, and so acquired about four thousand mansi or measures of land, within the twenty-four hours. As these estates lay in Upper Bavaria, he was created duke thereof, and engaged to perform the homage of a faithful client. From this circumstance, he is styled, in the words of that period, Henry of the Golden Chariot. This degradation, for so it was considered, so disgusted his free and independent father, that in the height of despair, he retired with only twelve of his lords to the forest of Ambargau, where he erected thirteen single cells, and where he lived and ended his days, without ever seeing or forgiving his de generate son.' From the Records of the House of Guelph,' we learn, that, after the death of his injured father, Henry ventured A lineal descendant of Henry of the By this marriage with the only lineal descendant of Wittikend, the last Saxon king, Henry also acquired a right to and assumed the armorial bearings of that sovereign: and the white horse He was adopted as the crest of the GuelIn the feuds which phic princes. Cunigunda, took place in the empire, Henry distinguished himself by his bravery and his talents, but he was not successful in gaining the imperial throne to which he was entitled. He died in 1139, leaving an only son, also named Henry, Duke of Saxony, in the tenth year of his age. This child was a prince of great promise, and by his fortitude and courage very early obtained the surname of the Lion. His education was that of a Saxon and a soldier, and at the age of eighteen he was admitted into the diet of Frankfort, composed of men and princes, and received the order of Europe was then agitated knighthood, which had been newly instituted. with the preparations for the second crusade; but as the northern states of Germany, with their allies of Denmark and Poland, preferred a holy warfare less remote, a hundred and sixty thousand soldiers of the cross were speedily enrolled, to convert or exterminate the idolatrous Sclavi of the Baltic: This Azo the Second holds a conspicuous place in history. He was the common father of the German and Italian princes of the Brunswick and Este lines of the House of Guelph. As the representative of the emperor, he was officially recognized in Italy, and from his immense possessions, he was designated, among the princes of his time, by the epithet of the Rich. At the age of seventeen, he was proscribed as a rebel, with his grandfather, his father, and three uncles; but in his fiftieth year, we find him governing the cities of Milan and Genoa, as the minister of the Emperor, and styled by Pope Gregory VII. the most faithful and best beloved of the Italian princes. Up to his hundredth year, he continued active amidst the vicissitudes of peace and war. Henry the Black, one of his descendants, united to the lines of Guelph and Este, that of Billung, by marrying Willda, the daughter and heiress of Magnus, the last duke of the Billung race. The young Duke of Saxony, with a numerous body of vassals and followers, formed a part of this army; and though the first campaign was neither successful nor glorious, he showed himself on a splendid theatre to the Christians and Pagans of the north. On the return of the Emperor from the Holy Land, Henry enHis son, Henry the Proud, in deavoured, but without success, to wrest Bavaria from his Austrian competitor; and right of his mother, was now the repre- while he was detained on the Danube, it was announced to him that Conrad had sentative of this noble family, who had been hereditary dukes of Saxony; and, entered Saxony with a numerous army, by his marriage with Gertrude, the to deprive him also of that dukedom. only daughter and heiress of the last Command my vassals," replied the Count of Nordbeim, he acquired not dauntless Henry, only a right to the remaining Saxon Brunswick on Christmas Day; they will states, but also to the title of Duke of find me at their head." Though the time Saxony, and Sovereign of Supplingen- was short, the distance long, and all the burg, Nordheim, and Brunswick. passes guarded, yet this young duke, disguising his person, with only three attendants, darted swiftly and secretly through The marriage of Henry the Proud was celebrated with great splendour: the hostile country; and appearing on The nuptial feast was held on the fifth day in the camp at Brunswick, "to assemble at forced his imperial adversary to sound a precipitate retreat.' LINEAL Descent of His Majesty King George the Fourth, from Egbert, the 1. EGBERT, King of England, died in 837. 9. 10. 2. Ethelwolf, King, d. 858. 3. Alfred the Great, d. 900. 8. Edmund the Second, d. 1017. Prince Margaret, Queen of Scotland, sister From the Emperor Barbarossa Henry obtained restitution of Bavaria. His power now extended from the shores of the Baltic to the Mediterranean Sea, and he was the most opulent sovereign of his age; but he was destined to experience a sad reverse of fortune, principally owing to his ambition. He laid himself open to the censure of the empire; its law was put in force against hin, he was declared a rebel and an outlaw, all his states were disposed of, and the country occupied by a powerful army. Henry had married the Princess Royal of England, the daughter of Henry the Second. This monarch sent an ambassador to the Emperor, but could obtain for his son-in-law no relaxation of the edict against him, except that he might leave Germany 11. with as many of his vassals as chose to accompany him, and that Matilda should have the government of the whole of the patrimonial states restored to her and her children, to be freely and peaceably enjoyed for ever. Henry left Germany for some time, but afterwards returned and settled at Brunswick, and, assisted by Richard the First of England with a fleet and 15. William of Winchester, Duke of Saxsome forces, he recovered the fortress of Stade, and conquered the duchy of 16. Otho the Infant, Duke of Brunswick Holstein, but was unable to retain possession of it. Henry was afterwards enabled to make some return to Richard Coeur de Lion for this assistance. When this king, in his return from the Holy Land, was seized at Vienna by the Duke of Austria, it was decided that the king should not be liberated until security was given for a ransom of 15),000 marks of silver. Among the illustrious princes who forcame ward in behalf of the King of Eng- 22. Frederick, D. of Brunswick, d. 1478. laud, Otho and William of Bruns 12. Matilda, Dowager Empress of Ger- 2. Kenneth the First, d. 853. 3. Donald the Second, d. 903. 4. Malcolm the First, d. 958. 5. Kenneth the 'Second, d. 994. 6. Malcolm the Second, d. 1033. 7. Beatrice, Princess of Scotland. 8. Duncan, d. 1040. 9. Malcolm the Third, d. 1093. 10. David the First, d. 1153. 11. Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, d. 1152. 12. David, Earl of Huntingdon, d. 1219. 13. Isabella, Countess of Annandale, d. 1267. 1290. 13. Henry II. King of England, d. 1189. 14. Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale, d. ony, d. 1213. and Luneburg, d. 1252. 17. Albert I. D. of Brunswick, d. 1279. 18. Albert II. D. of Brunswick, d. 1313. 20. Magnus II. Duke of Brunswick and T 21. Bernhard, Duke of Luneburg, d. 1400. Brunsw wick stand conspicuous: they vo- 23. Otho, Duke of Brunswick, d. 1471. luntarily offered themselves as hos tages for the payment of his ransom; 24. Henry, Duke of Brunswick, d. 1532. but Henry the Lion having negociated 25. Ernest the Conf. D. of Celle, d. 1546. the treaty for his liberation, his promise 15. Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, d. 1329. 25. James the Sixth, [and First of Eng- was accepted. Henry does not appear to 26. William, Duke of Luneburg, d. 1592. 26. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, d. have engaged in any further hostilities; the sovereignty of all the provinces beyond the Elbe was restored to him, and he passed the remainder of his life at Brunswick in acts of piety and benevolence. As it is our intention to extend our notice of this work to two numbers more, we shall conclude, for the present, with a genealogical table, which traces the descent of his present Majesty in a direct line from Egbert, King of England, and Alphin, King of Scotland. 27. George, D. of Luneburg, d. 1641. 1662. 28. Ernest Aug. Elector of Hanover, d. 27. Sophia, Electress and Duchess of 1698. Hanover, d. 1714. George the First, King of England, d. 1721-2. George the Second, d. 1760. George the Third, d. 1820. George the Fourth, whom God long preserve. From Matilda, the eldest daughter | title of captain-general. In the fol of Henry the Second, the Dukes of lowing year, Monte Video was taken Brunswick and Luneburg are lineally by a British force, under Sir Samuel descended as stated in the first column Auchmuty, and afterwards inglorious of the table; and George the First and ly lost by General Whitelock, who, by James the Second stood exactly in the an ignominious capitulation, agreed to same degree of relationship (the six- evacuate the whole of the Rio de la teenth in descent) to their common an- Plata, including Monte Video. cestor, Henry the Second. It further The rank and popularity of Liniers appears that Robert Bruce, and Otho excited the envy of Elio, the governor the Infant, first Duke of Brunswick of Monte Video, who found means to and Luneburg, were related in the persuade the people of the east bank same degree to Malcolm the Third of to renounce their dependence on the Scotland; and had Otho been a Scots-captain-general, and to form a distinct man, his claim to the crown was as good junta, in imitation of those of Spain. as that of either Bruce or Baliol. The Liniers was superseded by Don Baltayoung Duke of Brunswick might claim zar Hidalgo de Cisneros, who made a nearer alliance to the crown of Eng- known to the inhabitants the declaration land, as the descendant of an elder bro- of the regency in Spain, which absolved ther of the Plantagenet blood; and the the Americans from any farther depend King of Sardinia, as the representative ence on the Spanish government. A of Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, congress was assembled and a junta daughter of Charles the First, is, per- formed; but the Spanish chiefs in PaLaps, the most direct representative of raguay opposed it, and Liniers, abanthe Stuart race; but the union of both doned by the troops he had raised, was bloods in the present Royal Family taken prisoner and executed. renders their claim superior to every other, although the Act of Succession had never existed. (To be continued.) Picturesque Illustrations of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video; consisting of Twenty-four Views, accompanied by Descriptions of the Scenery, and of the Costumes, Manners, &c. of the Inhabitants of those Cities and their Environs. By E. E. Vidal, Esq. 4to. London, 1820. In the beginning of the year 1811. Don Jose Artigas, a native of Monte Video, offered his services to the junta of Buenos Ayres, and obtained assistance, in arms, ammunition, and troops, for the purpose of exciting insurrection on the east bank of the Plata. He has been very successful, and has contributed largely towards establishing the independence of this province : With the exception of Monte Video, Artigas has possession of the whole of La Banda Oriental, which he governs independently; and a good understanding subsists between him and the congress, carried on with various vicissitudes against whose authority, after a long struggle, the royalists on the frontiers of Peru and Chili, is now acknowledged by the whole of the provinces of Rio de la Plata. THE events which have occurred in the Spanish provinces in South America, daring the last ten or fifteen years, have imparted to them considerable interest. The capture of Buenos Ayres, by Sir Home Popham, in 1806, may be said to have laid the groundwork of These provinces, twenty in number, that revolution which has since extend- are divided, according to their situation, ed so widely over this vast continent. into high and low. The former are, The inactivity and incapacity of the Moxos and Chiquitos, Apalobamba, Santa viceroy, the Marquis de Sobre Monte, Cruz de la Sierra, La Paz, Cochabamba, who abandoned the city to a small Carangas, Misque, Paria, Charcas, Potosi, British force, was compensated by the Paraguay, Tucuman, Cordoba, Cuyo, and Atacama; the latter, Tarija, Calta, bravery of Don Santiago Liniers, a Entrerios, Monte Video, or Banda OrienFrenchman, who, two months after, at-tal, and Buenos Ayres. The total poputacked the city on different points, with success, and took the British general and his little army prisoners. This fortunate result occasioned the lation of this immense tract does not exceed one million three hundred thousand souls.' Such is a brief sketch of the modern first step to that revolution which has history of these provinces; we shall since separated these provinces from now notice some of their local peculithe mother country; for the people of arities, as detailed in the work before Buenos Ayres, indignant at the con- Buenos Ayres is situated on the duct of their viceroy, insisted on in-west bank of the Rio de la Plata, above vesting their deliverer with the supreme two hundred miles from its mouth. ivil and military authority, with the Before it became the seat of a viceroy, us. it was considered the fourth city in rank in South America, but it has since increased so rapidly in opulence and population, as to be held inferior to none but Lima: Most of the It is regularly built, the streets being perfectly straight and broad, unpaved in the middle but having footpaths on each side. The houses are supposed to amount to six thousand; and the number of inhabitants, which used to be estimated at forty thousand, is now reckoned not fewer buildings, both public and private, forthan seventy thousand. merly had mud walls; but a Jesuit, who was employed to erect the church of his college, between seventy and eighty years ago, instructed the inhabitants in the art of making bricks and lime, and the city has since assumed a very different appear ance. The architecture of the cathedral, and of most of the churches, is likewise ascribed to the lay-brothers of that community, who employed the Indians under their care in the execution of these and many other public works. Thus, it is recorded, that in 1688 and the following years, five hundred of these people were engaged upon the fortifica tions, the port, and the cathedral of Buehandsome structure, having an elegant nos Ayres. The latter is a spacious and cupola and a portico, the design and execution of which are highly extolled. The interior is profusely decorated with carving and gilding. The dome contains paintings in compartments, representing the Acts of the Apostles. The church of the Franciscans, and that belonging to the order of Mercy, are next in rank; both have steeples and cupolas, nearly in the same style as those of the cathedral. The climate of Buenos Ayres is proverbial for its salubrity, as is indicated by its name. Situated between the 31th and temperature nearly resembling that of the 35th degrees of south latitude, it enjoys a dered as an ordinary winter when there are southern regions of Europe. It is consibut three or four days on which water is slightly frozen; it is reckoned severe when this effect is more frequent. The winds here are three times as violent as at Assumption, the capital of Paraguay: the west wind, which is scarcely known at the latter city, being probably intercepthundred leagues distant, is more cominon by the Andes, though more than two at Buenos Ayres. Here the winds are least boisterous in autumn, but stronger and more steady in spring and summer, when they raise clouds of dust; which sometimes darken the sun, and greatly incommode the inhabitants, soiling their clothes, and covering their apartinents and furniture.' / In this country the atmosphere is moist, and spoils the furniture, especially rooms exposed to the south, are always at Buenos Ayres, where the floors of damp; the walls which have the same aspect are covered with moss, and the side of the roof is overgrown with thick grass, nearly three feet high, so that it is necessary to clear them every two or three years, to prevent the water from lodging and soaking through. This humidity, however, is by no means prejudicial to health. cipally use for the purposes to which we All vegetables are dear at Buenos - come very populous, on account of the This country is never likely to bebad state of the roads rendering intercourse so difficult; and as no gravel or stone of any kind, not even a pebble, is to be found on the west bank of the 'Near the centre of the city, a little to river for a hundred miles, in any dithe north of the citadel, is constructed a rection, from Buenos Ayres, it is immole of rough stone, intended for a landpossible to make good roads. The ing place. It is about two hundred soil is a very stiff black earth, exyards long, twelve wide, and six high. tremely retentive of water, and the Notwithstanding this projection, the river country one yast flat. Wood is nearly is so shoal, that boats are very seldom able to approach it, and five or six carts as scarce as stone. The ordinary are constantly plying for the purpose of mode of travelling is on horseback. landing passengers. The fare is two rials, Some few coaches are used in Buenos or about fifteen-pence each trip, be the Ayres, and let out to perform a jourdistance small or great; sometimes it is ney, but the vehicles and their equipbut a few yards, while at others the cart ments are a caricature on posting. must go a quarter of a mile before it reaches the boats; for with northerly and There are no waggons, but all carnorth-west winds, particularly if strong, promontory, on the east bank of the wheels. These carts travel in convoys Monte Video is situated on a small riages of burden have only two high, the water is driven out of the river to Rio de la Plata, with a spacious bay of from five to twenty, for owing to the such a degree, that its bed is frequently dry for that distance. It has even occuron its northern side, forming a tolera- nature of the country, it would be imred within the last ten years, that men ble harbour for small vessels:possible for them to perform the jourhave gone out on horseback, on the bed of the river, to the distance of five miles ance from the harbour, being built upon at a pantano, or bog, the difficulty of The town makes a handsome appear-ney singly. When the convoy arrives from the shore, during a strong north-west an ascent, and the houses interspersed passing it is surmounted by the united wind; nay, it is related, on the most re- with trees and gardens. Few of the strength of the cattle:spectable authority, that, about twenty- houses exceed one story; they are of five years ago, during a strong northerly stone and brick, and have flat roofs, withwind, the water disappeared, and left an horizon of mud to the people of Buenos kindied in the yard, or in a detached out chimneys; the fire being generally Ayres. Such a circumstance might hap-kitchen, and brought into the rooms in pen, since the river is here thirty miles across, and has no more than three fathoms water in the deepest part, excepting close to the opposite shore of Colonia, where is a narrow channel of four, five, and six fathoms. A contrary effect is produced by an easterly wind, which, if violent, always raises the water at Buencs Monte Video is acknowledged to be Ayres; so that in a strong gale from that an admirable station for trade, having a quarter, the mole is sometimes covered, tolerably good harbour, a central posiwith the exception of the extreme point, tion for collecting produce, and the naviwhich is higher than the rest, and has a gation of the river so far being attended battery of three guns. Thus these winds, with little danger. It rose, in conseaccording to their direction, cause the ri-quence of these advantages, to be a very ver to rise or fall, perhaps not less than flourishing place; but the political revoluseven feet. Mention is made of a phe- tions which have convulsed almost the nomenon still more extraordinary, inas-whole of Spanish America, have involved much as no satisfactory reason could be Monte Video in ruin. assigned for it. On one occasion, when none of those winds prevailed, the water fell to such a degree, as to recede three leagues from the shore at Buenos Ayres; in this state it remained for a whole day, and then gradually rose again to its usual height.' The city of Buenos Ayres is regularly supplied with milk from the surrounding estantias, or farms, from one to three miles distant. It is brought on horseback, in earthen or tin bottles, four and some times six of which are carried by each horse, in hide pockets, attached to the saddle, and laced up with a piece of nong. Butter, or at least any thing that deserves the name, is never made by the naives of Buenos Ayres. What they prin fire-pans, when the weather is wet or cold. 'Six bullocks are always used; two are other four close to each other, with a great attached to the pole of the cart, and the interval between them and the two first mentioned. In this manner the four foremost oxen have passed through the pantano, and are on firm ground, by the time the other two have brought the cart into the bog. They all draw by a beam, lashed to the horns of each pair with hide ropes, leading from the centre of it to the pole of the cart, and to each other's beam. No reins are used, the animals being guided entirely by the enormous goad slung in front of the cart, which being balanced by a weight at its immer end, is managed by the driver with un• common dexterity. It is a bamboo, thirty- ' two feet long, with a small stick eight feet more, attached to it, having a goad fastened to its extremity. At the place where they are united, there is a piece of iron in the shape of a long spear, terminating in a sharp point, which serves as a goad for the second pair of the team, and being rapidly lowered with the pulley is made to act on them by the bamboo by which it is slung. The beasts next to the cart are guided by a short hand-goad. The city itself is gone to decay, and though the Portuguese, who have lately taken possession of it, are making some improvements, still, as state of the country has put an end to all the distracted commerce, the means for carrying into effect any plans for that purpose, are extremely limited. There was formerly a very extensive suburb, with many ele- ropes by which the cart is diawn from No care being taken to keep the hide gant villas belonging to the Spanish mer- trailing on the ground, the smallest mischants of the city; but it has been so management in a pantano may be attend completely desolated during the contested with serious danger; for the ropes, if for independence, that some broken walls suffered to be slack, are liable to get oeand a part of a chapel are all that now remains of what once contained a popula- down; hence it is not uncommon for tween the bullock's legs, and throw them tion of six thousand souls. Previously to some of the team to be smothered in this struggle, there were fourteen thous- the mud, and it is then fortunate if the and inhabitants within the wails; this cart and the goods escape. The pantanos number is now reduced to five thousand.' are often three or four feet deep, so that |