Surviving on the Move: Migration, Poverty and Development in Southern AfricaJonathan Crush, Bruce Frayne Since the collapse of apartheid, there have been major increases in migration flows within, to and from the Southern African region. Cross-border movements are at an all-time high across the region and internal migration is at record levels. The implications of greater mobility for areas of origin and destination have not been systematically explored. Migration is most often seen as a negative phenomenon, a result of increased poverty and the failure of development. More recently, the positive relationship between migration and development has been emphasised by agencies such as the Global Commission on International Migration, the Global Forum on Migration and Development, the United Nations Development Programme and the African Union. The chapters in this publication are all based on primary research and examine various facets of the relationship between migration, poverty and development, including issues that are often ignored in the migration-development debate like migration and food security and migration and vulnerability to HIV. The book argues that the development and poverty reduction potential of migration is being hindered by national policies that fail to recognise and build on the positive aspects and potential of migration. As a result, as these studies show, migrants are often pushed to the margins where they are forced to "survive on the move". Their treatment violates labour laws and basic human rights and compromises the potential of migration as a means to create sustainable livelihoods, reduce poverty and food insecurity, mitigate the brain drain and promote the productive use of remittances. This book shows that migrant lives and livelihoods should be at the centre of international and African debates about migration, poverty and development. |
Contents
1 | |
South African Students and the Brain Drain | 25 |
3 Medical Migration from Zimbabwe | 50 |
4 Discrimination and Development? | 66 |
5 Lodging as a Migrant Economic Strategy in Urban Zimbabwe | 83 |
6 Migration and the Changing Social Economy of Windhoek Namibia | 98 |
7 Migrants Urban Poverty and the Changing Nature of UrbanRural Linkages in Kenya | 117 |
8 Remittances and Development | 132 |
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Common terms and phrases
40 per cent Basotho behaviour brain drain Cape Town Centre condom Cronbach's Alpha Crush developing countries domestic workers Eastern Cape economic emigration potential employment ex-migrants factors farm farmers farmworkers Figure food security Frayne Gauteng Geotype global Gweru Harare healthcare professionals HIV/AIDS housing impact important income increased institutions international migration interviewed investment Johannesburg Katutura KwaZulu-Natal Lesotho levels livelihoods living lodgers lodging majority migrant labour migrant workers migration and development Mozambique Mpumalanga Nakuru Namibia non-migrant nurses partners poor population poverty Programme refugee region remittances reported residents respondents retrenchments risk rural areas rural home rural households rural-urban SAMP sample sector sexual skills social South Africa southern Africa STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA strategies survey Table University urban agriculture urban areas urban households urban informal areas urbanisation visits vulnerable wages Windhoek women World Bank Zimbabwe Zimbabwean